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1: Do turtles have teeth. Do only some types have teeth? If so, do the teeth fall out like ours?
2: What did James Chadwick do to "conclusively" confirm the existence of neutrons?
3: Is any water vapor escaping the earth's surface into space over time and is there an estimated amount?
4: I have a question about the placement of the degree symbol. At the moment we learn how to calculate the specific heat. I was just wondering how our book writes C. Sometimes the little point is in front of the C, like this C and sometimes they write it after the C . Is there a difference between the two types of writing, or is it just because of the different type?
5: If time is a dimension, wouldn't there be more dimensions within time. For example: we, in a three dimensional universe, can walk forwards, backwards, side to side, and we can jump up and lie down. Theoretically, if time travel is possible, or if we could travel to "parallel dimensions" (if they exist), would that add more dimensions to time?
6: Why is the inner core solid even though it is hotter than the outer core?
7: Do the other planets also have layers and are they also hot inside?
8: How did the earth layers form ? Did they form when the earth was still a fireball or when it was cooling down?
9: How can an egg turn into a person? I mean how do eyes, brain or other organs form?
10: How do conifers, holly and acorns (oaks) disperse their seeds?
11: What kind or machine does it take to get to the center of the earth?
12: I'm setting up a series of investigations of changes of matter with my 3rd grade class. One of the activities I have planned involves making playdough with flour, water, salt, food coloring, and cream of tartar. Could you also give me a list of easy-to-demonstrate examples of chemical and physical changes of matter (for 3rd graders)?
13: Plants are said to consume oxygen at night. Can you mention a plant that doesn’t consume oxygen at night neither at daytime?
14: Why is Thymine replaced by Uracil during the transcription of DNA to pre-mRNA?
15: What is the importance of the number of Adenine nucleotides in the poly-A tail once pre-mRNA is converted to mRNA?
16: Where do cells come from? How were they made up?
17: I watched a spider destroy its web and it appeared to roll the silk into a ball. Will it eat the old web to help produce new silk?
18: I would like to know: Do dogs have a memory or do they just do things out of instinct and just know things? Do they have a memory "part" in their brain? If they do have memories, how is it compared to a human's brain? I personally think that dogs must have memories because for instance, if I scold and hit my dog today, in 3 days, if I raise my hand, even if it's not to hit him, he will most likely cover. So, this is because he remembers what I did, right?
19: I know that leaves are green, but they turn yellow and red in fall. I think they are drying up, but I don't know why. What happens to leaves ?
20: I always wonder why my hair get's white. My friends told me that it's because I get mad. But when I get mad , how come it doesn't get white in that moment?
21: Why some insects can run across the surface of water?
22: I know that old people have to be healthy. Why can't they eat candy? What happens if they eat a lot of candy?
23: Why are bubbles seen in the bulk of water when boiling?
24: Do sea mammals drink sea water or how do they drink water?
25: Where did all oxygen in the air come from? Was it all formed when photosynthesis started? What was the atmosphere made of before that?
26: We would like to know why butter is formed when whole milk is shaken in a baby jar?
27: We are studying about the Supercontinent Pangaea in science. The book we used mentioned there was a previous supercontinent named Rodinia. Can you tell me anything else about this?
28: How does Jell'O turn from liquid into solid when it cools down?
29: Why is the earth mostly made of silicon (rocks) and iron and other elements are much less ?
30: What are quantum computers, how do they work?
31: I have a student who claims he has seen a new moon (i.e. he could make out the shape in the sky, albeit very faintly). Do you think this is possible (either during the day or the night)? My understanding is that a new moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, making it impossible to see at night, and not in a position to reflect light to Earth during the day.
32: If the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, do the pancreas cells still contain a high number of rough endoplasmicreticulum or would the cell "dry up"?
33: Could you please tell us the colour of the polar bears skin?
34: Do all people see colors the same way as I do? I know some people are color blind but I am thinking of people who can see colors.
35: Why is volcanic rock so much lighter than other rock and what happens when you put it in on water?
36: Did you ever find fossils and where do I have to look for?
37: We are kind of interested in dyes. If you dye your hair how do the dyes react with the hair? We know when you use watercolors or so it washes out but the hair dye products you can buy don't.What makes a dye stay in hair but also in fabrics like a T-shirt? Again, when we color our T-shirts the color washes out but when you buy a colored shirt they do not.
38: As cells divide, towards the end of the end of cell division, it appears that each new daughter cell gets longer. Is this the result of the pinching in that occurs during cytokinesis, or are the cells getting longer. Of the two options, which one is primarily responsible for this effect?How do cells sort their organelles during cell division? Is it the luck of the draw, or a genetically programmed set of instructions at work?
39: Please tell me if there is an opposite to sublimation in the states of matter.
40: Can a gas be more dense than liquid anywhere in the universe?
41: Why do all the planets in our solar system orbit the Sun on a relatively level plane? How come there aren't planets rotating at angles of, say, 90 degrees from our perspective?
42: What is an acceptable body fat range for teenage boys and girls that is NOT likely to lead to health problems later on in life? What would an athletic body fat be for teenagers?
43: What is the difference between one of those lasers they use to scan food at the supermarket and a laser that can burn through metal?
44: What is the difference between nuclear energy and electricity?
45: Do scientists agree on which hominid from the past was modern humans ancestor? If they do not agree what are competing theories?
46: What happens to the magma inside the earth once it is released to the surface? Does the earth generate more or will all the magma eventually come out?
47: There was an experiment the replicated atmosphere of young earth. Electricity was used to simulate lighting. I have heard that the problem with this experiment is that the atmosphere they created in the experiment is not the same as what scientists believe young earth's atmosphere was really like. Is this true?
48: How big is the biggest and strongest magnet in the world?
49: How can an airplane go so fast while it's in the air?
50: What forces are inside the magnet that make them stick together or not at all?
51: What is the difference between a big magnet and a small magnet and how do you separate objects after they are stuck to a strong magnet?
52: Did whales ever walk on land?
53: I have heard that the magnetic poles of the earth switch around every 30,000 years. Is that true and why do they do this?
54: How can it be determined if rain is acid rain?
55: Hi! I have a question regarding behavior disorders, specifically conduct disorder & antisocial behavioral disorder. I am wondering how a person gets this disorder. Is it genetic or environmental? Also--what is the chance of someone having this disorder? Is there a greater chance of a male getting this over a female?
56: Why are rainbows bent? Is it because the water reflects?
57: What is the difference between a computer virus and a computer worm?
58: Why does Venus rotate west to east instead of east to west.
59: How does a virus protection program detect the virus?
60: What was the cause of the dodo birds extinction and where did they live?
61: Why does lightning occur? Why does lightning have branches? Does lightning only form in storms? Does every strike of lightning hit the ground?
62: What scientists represent best the changing nature of science?
63: I would like to know some scientists who came up with the first antibiotics. Without these people where would we now?
64: I have to study a scientist in a certain field and my question is , can you give me any names of people who are involved in the history of the computer?
65: In our Biology class we are doing a paper about a scientist and how they have changed a particular science. We were instructed to seek you out for help in finding a scientist. I would appreciate it if you could respond with a scientist that has something to do with the modernization of computers. Thank you
66: What is the difference between a tidal wave and a tsunami?
67: How do you take caffeine out of coffee? I have heard that it is not healthy to drink decaffeinated coffee because of that process.
68: I have read that Europa, one of Jupiter's moons has water on it. Why is that and do the other moons have water too? If not, why not?
69: Why do apples turn brown when you cut them? Why does it help if you put them in the refrigerator?
70: Is it true that Jupiter gives off more heat than the Sun? And why?
71: How does a computer's screen work?
72: Why are some people color blind?
73: Is it possible, in any way, for the human, male testes to produce sperm with another human's genetic information? Perhaps if a female, diploid cell were inserted into the testes, is there a way to force it to go through meiosis and become a viable sperm? If so, what is the exact process it (the female diploid cell) would need to go through? If not, why and is there any other way?
74: How was Niagara Falls formed? How old is it? What is the rate of erosion on it? Any other interesting tidbits of information that may be known would be greatly appreciated!
75: How was carbon found? And were was it found?
76: When do people think the sun is going to explode?
77: We did an activity where we layered warm, red- colored water on top and cold, blue-colored water to make a thermocline. After a while our two liquids began to mix due to kinetic energy of the warmer molecules. When a question on the lab asked how long it would take for the water to completely mix, I wondered if the moving surface currents in the ocean sped up the cooling evaporation process and cause the thermoclines in the ocean to mix faster as well. Does moving water evaporate faster than still water?
78: We're studying the inhibiting effects of alcohols on the iodine clock reaction & have heard that iodine can complex with alcohols as well as starch. We're using starch as an indicator and have noticed some different color changes for endpoints particularly when using high concentrations of alcohols. Can you offer any advice on this system or direct us to useful support materials?
79: When was the first cell developed or created?
80: Does the devil really live in the middle of the earth or where?
81: Why have beach sands different colors?
82: Why do some parts of the ocean turn over, while others do not?
83: When was the first actual human existence started and did we evolve from primates?
84: 1.Is there such a job that involves animals and no blood? 2.How long do you have to go to school to be a scientist? 3.How do you get a job as a scientist?
85: How do Scientist help us in life? How did they chance life? Did they make life better and/or worse? Is Life science better then Physical science and which one is easier to learn and why?
86: Is the Loch Ness monster real?
87: What are the ingredients in hair dye? How do these ingredients work to produce the desired effect? Are there any problems with hair dye? Are there any possible solutions?
88: I'm doing a project in my chemistry class on hair dyes. We have to do a demonstration that shows how it relates to chemistry, but I couldn't think of anything to do...can you help me think of something easy to demonstrate this concept??
89: We have built a "hoot tube" or a Rijke Tube, which resonates at 70Hz (measured by microphone) due to convection currents. We want to know what is the forcing function of this system. Does the forcing function have to match the resonant frequency of the tube? If so, what is it that's oscillating 70 times per second?
90: Who was the first scientist?
91: Is there any scientific way to know what people are thinking?
92: What determines how salty the oceans are? Do the oceans still get saltier? I have read that the oceans are in a"steady state" but where does then the newly dissolved salt from the streams go?
93: Who were the first people to know about science?
94: I am suppose to look for a scientist that has no credit,little credit or people you haven't heard of a lot. Can you please give me any suggestions?
95: Why is the sky blue? Why are different flowers of different colors?
96: I heard Mercury and water are the only substances to go through all 3 phases of matter. Is that true, and if not what are the other substances?
97: What makes cucumber seeds cause burps? And how could you demonstrate that in the classroom? People grow the seedless cucumbers for this reason.
98: Why do wood, cork, and ice always float?
99: I am doing a science project with plants. Two tomato plants are grown under boxes made of four types of cellophane: red, green, blue and clear. The red one grew the most, both in height and width, then the clear followed by the green, then the blue. Why did it turn out this way?
100: How does the type of soil, light, and water affect a plant?
101: Why do people hiccup?
102: How was life started?
103: I'm doing a science project on ethylene gas, and I need to find a way to test for levels of ethylene gas. My question is if you could sugggest a place in town where I could to do this or even if I could do this at one of the labs at UCSB? Thank you for your time!!
104: Is blood a solution or a suspension?
105: I simply want to know what is the scientific definition of a stone or rock? Are ice and gold stones?
106: How much can a grade 7 brain remember, how does the male and female brain work, which one is better with memory, can you show us some pictures and some examples ?
107: How long does it take to "grow" an exoskeleton after molting?
108: Could a sea star digest human tissue with the same " stomach juice" it uses to dissolve the tissue of a mussel?
109: Are clams born with shells?
110: Is there any form of vaccine without pork that is equally if not more effective than the current flu ones we get? I know there are religions that don’t allow the consumption of pork, so is there any alternative that could work, why or why not?
111: I am interested in oceanography. I am looking forward to learning first hand about this interesting career. Can anyone answer for me the question "What motivated you to go into oceanography?"
112: Are ther any charts that shows the stages of rotting for any type of produce?
113: Can you give more information on how you can set a one dollar bill on fire but it does not burn if you soak it first in a alcohol solution.
114: I was wondering whether it is possible or not for life to develop in a chlorine or fluorine atmosphere, and if not could you explain why?
115: I noticed that when we oxidize magnesium and "ash" it, we are asked to place a few drops of distilled water on the ash and try to determine a faint ammonia smell. We did. My question then is: If the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products (Conservation of mass law), where did the nitrogen smell come from? I thought we were reacting (burning), magnesium (magnesium and oxygen reactants only) and the product was just magnesium oxide? I balance the equation and I don't see any nitrogen anywhere. I know the atmosphere is 78% nitrogen but how is this affecting the chemical reaction from a chemical equation standpoint?
116: Why in nature, do most flowers have a Fibonacci number of petals?
117: If a person in a machine traveling faster than the speed of sound cannot hear the noise of a sonic boom, what might a person "see" or not see if they could (hypothetically) pass the "light speed" barrier? What would we, on the ground, see?
118: How long does it take for a swell shark egg to hatch? How big will the swell shark be and how does it know how to survive?
119: I am confused about antimatter. We have learned that matter takes up space and has a mass. If each matter has an antimatter how can things exist?
120: I am doing a planet report and I am wondering how scientists know the weights of the planets. Do they calculate it?
121: What is oscillating reaction? One example is the Belousov-Zhabotinsky- reaction? How does it work?
122: My classes have been watching a video produced by the Discovery Channel on bacteria. At one point in the video, the narrator says that human babies are born "bacteria free" but within a few hours hundred of kinds of bacteria colonize them. I can't believe that we are born bacteria free. Is this true or is this a mistake in the video?
123: How are pyrite and gold different? How do miners tell the difference between "fool's gold" and real gold? Which is more dense? pyrite or gold?
124: Please explain the pH scale: If acids have more H+ ions, why is the number for acids less than (1-7) bases on the pH scale?
125: Are dogs really colorblind?
126: Why do old people forget things?
127: What would happen if you mixed sodium with polonium?
128: My school's science fair is coming up soon and I still don't have any ideas for an experiment. The project has to be an experiment, it can't be a display. Can you give me some ideas?
129: How long do tobacco products last inside the body?
130: How long do the effects of tobacco last?
131: What is the most deadly disease a person can get? What is the most common and rare disease people can get? How will science help us in the future and why do we learn about science?
132: How is the button formed by the caterpillar just before it becomes a chrysalis? (just before it hangs down like a "j")Is it from a mouth part or an anal part?
133: Why is snow "white" but ice cubes are colorless? Both are frozen water?
134: Why is most of the land on Earth in the Northern Hemisphere?
135: Why is there so much sand in the desert?
136: Do molecules have color?
137: What was the first virus?
138: What is the deadliest bacteria?
139: Why do I see green color spots after I stare at red color for a long time?
140: I need some info on PVC plastic. I need to know the process of making it and all the chemical reactions involved. Thankyou
141: How is nail polish made? What ingredients are used and what chemical reactions occur when making it? Chemically what is happening?
142: What ingredients are in lip gloss/lipstick? What chemical reactions and chemical structures are there in the process of lip gloss making? How does lip gloss work chemically?
143: What is the difference between the 5 kingdoms? How does each one feed itself? Can any of them kill people by diseases and how?
144: I would like to know if it may be possible for a life form to live solely on electricity.
145: What are the main ingredients used to make sunscreen? What chemical reactions are there? How do these ingredients work chemically to help protect the skin from UV rays? Can you please help me find some good sites relating to sunscreen...
146: Why are there no snakes in Hawaii?
147: What is the definition of a continent? Our dictionary says it is a large continuous land mass. Why do we consider Europe a continent and why are North and South America two continents?
148: Why is nitrogen the dominant gas in our atmosphere? What happened to the other gases from the early atmosphere?
149: During our discussions on genetics and DNA, I recalled that the amount of DNA in a human is quite substantial, and if the strands were linked end to end, they would cover a distance of "X". I forgot how long human DNA was, and my class is now curious themselves. Can you tell us how long human DNA is?
150: Please help me complete this equation Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 +
151: How are fireworks made?
152: Are wisdom teeth vestigial structures?
153: Why are wisdom teeth called wisdom teeth?
154: On vacation in Florida I found a live Lightening Whelk on the beach. It's against the law to keep live shells. So I threw it back. Far as I could. Later that day an owner of a Shell shop told me I should have kept the shell because I probably killed it because of the throw and the shell spinned as it flew through the air. Question: Did I kill this shell?
155: A question from the teacher: I heard that old aluminum cooking pans will leave aluminum residue in your food, which is very bad for your health. Is this true, or a myth? Also, can I use one of these old pans to mix up my pets' food in, as long as I don't heat it? Thank you.
156: I need to know like what kind of chemicals are in lip glosses and how it is made.
157: Do the chemicals in lip gloss damage your lips if worn too often?
158: How are respiration and photosynthesis related?
159: Lip gloss does not stay on my mom's lips, after just about 30 minutes it spreads aka "feathers & bleeds". She is not wearing it over lip stick, it's just lip gloss, why ??
160: What are the global consequences of all the fires burning in the Northern Hemisphere (i.e. Western U.S., Russia etc.) Would there be any connection with the amount of rain for the season, since water vapor must have something to condense on. THANK YOU
161: I am a student in Mr. Bausback's Honors Chemistry class and I am looking for an idea for a science project. My partner and I are interested in finding a mentor and some ideas for a good project. We are interested in computer science and physical science, please send us some ideas, thanks.
162: How many calories does one pound of fat have?
163: Why do some planets have rings? Why do none of the inner planets have any?
164: I have some hairy questions: What is the difference between fur and hair?
Why is my hair growing and growing but my dogs hair does not?
Why did humans loose most of their body hair while apes did not?
Why did evolution make hairy creatures?

165: Is there still a need for an archeologist or paleontologist? Does it really matter if we find all the bones from extinct animals or know what animal evolved from what?
I am asking because I think it is fun digging out bones, but I am not sure if it is useful.

166: Have you ever heard of military experiments involving cesium and volatile weapons?
167: Im searching for a science fair project topic and was wondering if the topic of , "Can shell fish live in anything other then salt water?" Im also trying to find a mentor to help me with my science fair project. If you can please give me some names of anybody who would be interested in helping me i would extremely appreciate it!
168: How does ethylene affect ripening fruit?
169: Students have asked recently: How does titrating with potassium permanganate test for hydrogen peroxide? Why does hydrogen peroxide turn KMnO4 clear? 2. How does catalase break down hydrogen peroxide?
170: Hello- My partner and I are doing a science project on Hydroplaning. We're having trouble findind a way to test different tire designs, because our project is on the best tire design to lessen hydroplaning. So our question is How can we test different tire designs on hydroplaning?
171: How does catalase break down hydrogen peroxide?
172: What is the nature of friction, both static and kinetic? And what exactly is the normal force? Is the equation f = u N, where f = friction, u = coefficient of friction, and N= normal force always valid? Is it an approximation, or empirically derived?
173: Hi, I have a question regarding contradictory properties between lithium's first ionization energy, which would make it the hardest of the alkali metals to lose an electron, and lithium's position on the reduction potential table, which puts it as the most reactive metal. Could you help explain this seeming contradiction? Thanks.
174: How is gold made?
175: What are the coordination complexes of iron that the AP board requires students to know?
176: How does Lugol's stain (iodine) stain starch? Does the staining of starch affect amylase's ability to hydrolyze starch back to glucose?
177: What is the scientific term for the tendency of a human's pupil to widen when looking at an object of desire, (or something in which the person likes) regardless of light level. This demonstration was recently shown on John Cleese's "The Human Face" on the Learning Channel.
178: Where can I find information on alkaline earth metals for a research project?
179: What is the difference between Chemistry and Chemical Engineering?
180: In talking about protein synthesis, I make the assumption that tRNA's and mRNA's travel about by diffusion. Is this correct?
181: why is GTP used to power transcription and translation instead of ATP?
182: Why is the third position on tRNA's anticodon flexible (my book calls it wobble) but not the first or second?
183: How come the water in the Bahamas and in Hawaii is so clear and in Santa Barbara and Monterey the water is not?
184: Can a magnet be made into a shere that has a core with one chare and a surface with the opposite charge. For example, a negative core and a positive surface? If so, how is it done?
185: At what frequencies do whales hear? At what decibel amount do whales hear? How far can a whale hear something happening?
186: How does a cell know what genes to keep as heterochromatin and what to use as euchromatin?
187: What makes volcanoes erupt? Are there any recent eruptions of any volcanoes close to Goleta?
188: Why is it when you pour salt water into fresh water it separates instead of mixes together?
189: What is the name they are thinking of naming the recently discovered planet in our solar system?
190: How is pollination different from fertilization?
Most bony fishes reproduce by external fertilization. What does it mean?

191: What is the new's planets name and how far is it from Earth? Why do scientists care about this planet?
192: Why is the sun hot ?
193: How much liquid is on Mars?
194: Is there any other planet like Earth in the universe (a planet that has air, water, gravity and so on)?
195: I was wondering if you have any information about how aluminium is extracted when mining and the process that occurs so the aluminium can be used.
196: I am doing a report on lipstick. I need to know information about the chemical properties of lipstick, and things like what happens when sunscreen is added or how do they make it last so long.
197: Why are there different colors in the night sky after a rocket?
198: How fast do gas particles move?
199: Why do animal cells have centrioles even though the centrosome can function without it?
200: Why does hydrogen gain an electron when in an acid? Why does hydrogen give up an electron when in a base?
201: I have several questions: Here in the US, we are taught that there are 7 continents, but I have met several internationals who say there are only 5. Which count is correct? Second, in which continent does the Middle East lie (and is Egypt considered part of the Middle East)? Relatedly, which countries constitute the following: the Near East, the Middle East, and the Far East (and according to whom?) Is Central America considered part of North America or South America?
202: I heard that Niagara Falls once dried up, is this true, if so when and what caused it to happen?
203: How do scientists know what dinosaurs ate without looking at their teeth?
204: What effect do varying oxygen levels have on Saccharomyces cerevisiae's (baker's yeast) production of ethanol from glucose?
205: Why do some dogs howl when they hear sirens?
206: My friend and I are working on a science project for my chemistry class. We decided to do our project on making many different kinds of soap using different kinds of fat and oil. We are having trouble thinking of quantitative data that we could collect. So far we are testing for pH, density, and the amount of foam created by our different soaps. If you have any suggestions on what we could test it would be greatly appreciated.
207: Why are spring tides called spring tides and why are leap tides called leap tides?
208: We are student teachers in science education in the Teacher Education Program @ UCSB. We are working on a lesson plan that researches the work and story of Dr. Jerri Nielsen, the physician who was stranded @ the South Pole Research Station in 1999. We were wondering if you could offer us any insight or information about her or your perspective of her as a scientist. We are required to ask a scientist from this university for this information. Any information, opinions, or help you can provide would be greatly appreciated. Thank you.
209: My textbook says that lichens on trees and rocks can be used as indicators for acids and bases. It said that the lichens in the acid (apple cider vinegar) turns red, and it turns blue in the base (household ammonia). I tried 3 different varieties of lichens, but nothing happened. The other science teachers say that they've tried this experiment too over the years, and it's never worked for them either. Why not? (It's frustrating the text recommends a lab that doesn't work!)
210: Why do Mitochondria need DNA? All the other organelles (except the nucleus of course) do not have their own DNA?
211: Does light affect crystal growth? If so, How?
212: Why is lipstick made?
213: Why does it hail ?
214: 1.Does propylene glycol dissociate in water? 2.Will a 1.0 m copper(II) sulfate solution have the same freezing-point depression as a 1.0 m copper(II) chloride solution? Why?
215: Is it possible for two humans (or animals) of the same sex to have (viable and biological) offspring? By either fusing two haploid cells, or extracting chromosomes from one haploid cell and inserting them into the nucleus of another and (in both cases) induce fertilization? Also, is there any (legal) way to test this? And if so, what is the process?
216: What is the reason ears pop?
217: I want to search for some elements such as: methoxycinnamate cyclomethicone ethylhexyl oxybenzone salicylate. What does they mean and what are they used for?? What could be a good web page where I can search for this kind of chemical elements.
*I really need this info as soon as possible!

218: What was the driving force that led to the evolution of a standing posture?
219: Who made the water cycle? Why did they do the water cycle? Who discovered the water cycle?
220: In the alpha decay of Radon-222, what happens to the electrons? An alpha particle is a helium nucleus with the positive charge of two,but the equation in our text book doesn't account for the electrons...
221: The following questions are for my science fair interview. When you respond, please include your name so I can give credit, thanks!
1.Does the density of a solution affect the buoyancy of an object?
2. Is there a definite way that an object will be guaranteed to float? If so, what is it?
3. Does the shape of the object affect its ability to float?
4. Does the object's material affect its ability to float?
5. What factors will improve an object's ability to float?

222: How do black holes prevent light from passing through itself?
223: Why don't we seen certain colors like ultra- violet etc., while other animals can? What animals can?
224: Can you freeze air? And if you can, will it freeze in layers, one layer for each type of molecule? (e.g. oxygen, carbon dioxide etc.)
225: Why can't light go around corners? And why can sound?
226: In science, we studied the Coriolis Effect. Do other planets have a similar global wind system(s) as we do?
227: If plants need water to photosynthesize, how is it that air ferns are able to grow without their roots being in the ground or in a water source?
228: What makes a planet different than a star? Has anyone been out of our galaxy before? If so, when and where did they go?
229: We're studying the universe right now in science and it said that the universe is expanding but the book or my notes didn't say how fast it's expanding, I was hoping you could help me.
230: What is the closest to absolute zero that has ever been reached?. What would happen to a substance if it were cooled to absolute zero?
231: Which cells developed first the plant cells or the animal cells? Why did nature give animal cells not the ability to do photosynthesis? We could supply some food this way.
232: Are any types of turritella still in existence? If so, what do they look like?
233: I am trying to do a science experiment for my AP Biology class to see the effects of over eating. I need to know if there is any insect or mammal that lives for a short period of time that I will be able to see changes in. Also I was wondering if there have been any studies done about early deaths in humans, and if so where I might find this information.
234: We learned a little bit about electoporation today in class and I was very curious to know how a cell can withstand such massive amounts of electricity without getting damaged in any way. Thank you for you time.
235: Can you tell the age of a rock by its chemical substance?
236: Did scientists find dinosaur fossils all over the world or are there places(continents) where they found none? Did scientists ever found a fossil of an egg?
237: How can a black hole change time??
238: Why don't other animals live as long as we do?
239: Does everybody see in different colors but they learn to say them a certain way?
240: What is the reason that the temperature of a substance does not change during a change in phase? In other words, what causes the "flat part" in a boiling or freezing curve?
241: Exactly what is the speed of sound?
242: What is a Neutron Bomb?
243: Is there any type of testing that could be used to determine how long a metal bolt has been imbedded in the sidewalk? Thank you
244: How come the letters representing the different blood types go in the order "A", "B", and then "O"... why not "A", "B", and then "C", wouldn't it make more sense to go along with the alphabetical order?
245: On many maps and globes, there is a figure 8/infinity symbol--vertically placed in the middle of the map. We have a geochrom map in our library. A dark sphere traverses the "infinity symbol." What does this represent? Please explain so that we can explain it to our third graders and their parents.
246: What ball bearings make a skateboard go faster or slower?
247: I was wondering if it was possible for radio waves to travel successfully through liquids, and if they can, will the liquid hinder their travel or aid it? Also, someone once told me that electricity would travel even better through a super saturated solution of salt and water than with just plain water. I wanted to know if this is true and would a SSS help a radio-wave travel faster or better through liquid? Thank you.
248: Do we have the same fingerprints on each finger or are they different?
249: Do twins have the same DNA?
250: We are studying the periodic table and I would like to know why do some elements have the letter they start with on the table and others don't? Why does potassium have a K on the periodic table?
251: Are atoms with more protons better than the atoms with less?
252: We learned in class that after meiosis the sex cells have half of the chromosomes and that this half set is always one of the homologous chromosome pairs. Our book shows a picture of these 13 homologous pairs and they sometimes have quite different shapes. In what way do the pairs differ? If they carry exact the same information why do we have two pairs and if they carry different information what information will be different or be lost?
253: Is fire a natural light source or is it artificial?
254: On the geochrom map, when it explains time zones, it shows there being some parts on the globe that have fractional parts of an hour, for example, the center of Australia is the time zone of Japan +30. This is new to us. Why do some parts of the globe have fractional parts of an hour instead of one complete hour? Thank you very much.
255: What are the different kinds of soaps? How can soap clean and remove dirt?
256: Thank you for answering my last question.I have another one. How come that some elements are gas and others are soild even they are so close together on the periodic rable? For example C is next to N and C is solid and N is a gas but they have only one more proton?
257: I am going to be teaching a lesson of the origns of life/universe. I have been looking for other cultures interpretations on the orign of life but haven't found anything yet. Have any ideas or resources?
258: What do they mean when they say that they cloned a baby?
259: Why is mercury a liquid and not solid like all the other metals around?
260: How does electricity work?
261: What shape is the surface of water in a container? This is a question about the meniscus. I think it curves up at the sides. Is that right?
262: I want to ask if animals and human bodies have the same elements.
263: How come that there are a lot of metal in the center of the earth and not on top?
264: Which bread last longest?
265: My few questions that I have for the scientists at UCSB are dealing with biomimetics of the human body. My first question is what other man made structures were modeled after the way that the human body is built besides from the Eiffel tower. I also want to know how the air pumps work. I sort of know how they work now but I would also want more of the basic information like, what is it trying to mimic of the human body? How did they come up with the idea to make airpumps? It would be great if you could answer my questions whenever you could so I can complete my power point presentation for my 8th grade science project. Sincerely, Denise
266: Our AP Bio class is studying taxonomy and how different species are grouped together. Our textbook introduces the concept of grouping everything into three domains, but it's a few years old and implies that at the time of writing it's not sure how things will end up being classified. We were wondering if there are any "kingdoms" under the domains of Archaea or Bacteria. Also, under the Eukarya domain, in addition to the kingdoms of Animalia, Plantae, and Fungi, it has several "candidate" kingdoms consisting of the other eukaryotes. Are these as yet actual kingdoms? Internet research has been confusing, as different sources list anywhere from 4 to 10 kingdoms under the three domains. Is there an "official" way of classifying things as of yet?
267: Is it possible to shoot a gun in space?
268: Why can I not find numbers on how much we have heated the oceans by using them as heat dumps for engines, nuclear plants, and nuclear vessels? Do you know where to get these answers?
269: I know that liquids will form little bubbles that float around. Do these bubbles form into any kind of pattern or shape if let alone?
270: What is mimicked off bio mimicry besides the Eiffel tower?
271: What are the short term effects of a volcano eruption on humans, and animals?
272: What is the difference between an Atomic Bomb and a Nuclear Bomb
273: What causes an Ice Age?
274: What is weather? What is climate?
275: What is a pink eraser made of? It totally stumped me.
276: I read an article about food chains and it talked about microzooplankton. What is that?
277: Visual memory versus auditory memory
278: How do people store nuclear atoms?
279: What is the difference between ADP and ATP?
280: I was wondering if you could please show me how to do problems with mole. I really don't get it at all. I have a worksheet that asks how to determine the mass of a certain amount of atoms and the equivalents and how many atoms are in certain amounts of elements. I just really don't get it and I was wondering if you could please give me a few examples. Thanks!
281: What is the pH of stomach acid when your stomach is not full of food? How long does food stay in your empty stomach for?
282: Last week we were at UCSB and we did an experiment. We put a penny in a zinc solution and it turned silver. How do you make this zinc solution?
283: How does photosynthesis work? Is Photosynthesis a big part is science today?
284: I am doing a science experiment with Thermite for a term project in my AP chemistry class. For safety's sake I would like to know about how much thermite releases how much energy, more specifically, what size flame, or explosion. I also don't know what type of reaction it is, a slow burning jet of fire, or a violent explosion. There was a picture in our science book that showed the reaction but there is no way to determine how much was used. Any additional information about preparation, safety, etc., will be very much appreciated. Thermite is
Fe2O3 (s) + Al(s) -> Al2O3(s) + Fe(l)

285: What factors lead to stress? What happens to a person's heart rate/nervous system when they are stressed? What are some symtoms of stress? What are some ways to get rid of your stress? Are there any websites that have any other good info for a project like this?
286: I am learning about photosynthesis in biology; right now my teacher says the the color we see is just a reflection, so how is it possible for iridescent colors to reflect?
287: How far can you see on the horizon if it is a clear day, there are no mountains in the way, there isn't much smog, it's basically clear, and you have 20/20 vision?
288: I am also doing a science project in school. After talking with my teacher, I decided on working with paintball barrels. My project question is 'Does the porting (number of holes) in a paintball barrel effect its performance?' Our teacher wants us to have a mentor, and I was wondering if you had any scientists or students interested. Suggestions are appreciated.
289: My question is basically asking "what is sound"? More specifically why do different sounds give different emotion, and does this cause a vary in heart rate? For instance: lets say that you are driving in a car and a car horn spontaneously honks, which in turn makes you mad and quickening one blood flow.
290: I would like to know more information about why is there bacteria in the Santa Barbara creeks?
291: Can I contact someone who is researching Leprosy? If so, can you please answer these questions? What is your current research? How is your research helping with finding a cure or a better understanding of Leprosy? How is this research being funded? What are the future prospects for finding a cure?
292: Does anyone know about bridges? I am doing a science fair project on bridges and what type of wooden bridge is better and I am making a modules of 3 different types of bridges and testing how much weight each bridge can take
293: How does the geothermal energy system work?
294: How do you tell what is a volcano and a mountain?
295: Where can we find information on electromagnetic horns/charges?
296: What causes the jet stream?
297: What are minerals, gems, and crystals made of?
298: What exactly are tachyons? If they can travel faster than light, how much faster can they go?
299: How do heat pads work? What substance do they contain? Why do they go solid when you press the metal disc inside? I think that the heat is given out as the substance changes state (liquid to solid which I know is exothermic).
300: How long does a donut take to digest?
301: How do sapphires form?
302: Hi! I was wondering if you could help me with a question I was given in my science lesson: How much Radioactivity have I been exposed to in one year while living in the Wantage (South Oxford) area?
303: Can plants grow without photosynthesis?
304: Why can the colors of the flower's petals be made purple, green, blue and other colors except for black?
305: Do all living things go through photosynthesis?
306: Is it true that if you put beer or cotton in a plant it will grow faster? Is it true if you put a plant in a dark closet it will grow faster?
307: I am doing a research project on the ocean's hadal zone and what type of life lives there. I was wondering if you could help me. Is it true that creatures in the hadal zone don't have ears or heads because of pressure? And is there any type of fish or plants in the hadal zone, like fish that glow in the dark, or is that just a myth?
308: How do minerals form underground?
309: Was Atlantis real or was it a myth?
310: Hi - I am taking continuing education courses and have a couple of questions that I can't seem to figure out. I am looking on the web for illustrations of what happens to an acid and a base when added together. For example, I have 4 molecules of HCl and 4 moleculess of NaCl. What happens when I add another 2 molecules of Hcl to it? 2. Is there really 2 forms of Boron? Boron 10 and Boron 11? 3. Is HBr and PBr3 an electrolyte? 4. I see where Ca(OH)2 in some areas is a strong base, but also a weak electrolyte? Which is it? Thanks for your help if you can, or please point me in a direction where I can find some answers!! Ken
311: How does a mass dampener work?
312: I was wondering what is the current research going on at UCSB for Schizophrenia? How is the research helping to find a cure or better understanding of this disease? How is the research being funded? What is the future prospects of finding a cure? THANK YOU very much!
313: How do we know that light can travel through a vacuum?
314: CYSTIC FIBROSIS. what is the current research on cystic fibrosis? how is this reshearch helping with finding a cure or a better understanding of the disease? how is this research being funded? what are the future prospects for finding a cure??
315:

I am currently working on a science project for a county competition. I was wondering if you could either direct me to someone who could help me in the subject that I am working on or provide some information that could help me if you had the time.

I was developing the idea of testing what variables change reproduction rates in bacteria or mice. In this experiment a control would be normal conditions and the rate of growth in these conditions. By limiting food or developing competition / a destructive event, you can measure how these variables can effect reproduction. What seems most interesting in this experiment, though, is what might happen if it would be applied to mice. It can be tested whether or not mice would still reproduce if there was lack of food creating an environment that cannot support more than the number of mice already present.


316: My partner and I must do a demonstration for our AP chemistry class on 3/19. We have chosen to do a breathalyzer reaction. We are going to compare how the indicator reacts with vodka to its reaction with beer. We have all the materials, and we have followed the directions carefully. However, we have had major problems getting the reaction to occur quickly and noticeably enough.

We have had problems with step 3 (getting the gel) and 16 (making the reaction happen). Initially, the reaction was slow. The mixture we used was supposed to turn from orange to green. Instead, it turned from yellow to clear with some blue tints, taking over ten minutes to complete. After experiencing this twice, I added a few more drops of potassium dichromate and was able to make the gel orange. When I added ethanol (about five drops of vodka), the reaction was slightly more noticeable. Putting several drops of the ethanol directly onto the gel changed it to green/blue in a minute or two. This was better, although still not fast enough. My partner and I tried again to see if we could make the reaction faster by adding even more potassium dichromate solution. Instead of obtaining the desired orange gel as I had done before, the mixture was mostly a yellow liquid with only slight gelling. Adding more sulfuric acid and sodium silicate did not seem to help. My partner and I need to get the reaction working well very soon so that we can have an interesting demonstration for the class. We are looking for a gel that will completely turn green in a pipet in about a minute when ethanol from a balloon is blown into it. We would like to compare this with adding beer through the balloon. Why did the mixture stop gelling and turning orange despite all the trials and adjustments? What can we do to get an orange gel that will work well, as I described?

317: What is a ridge and what does it look like?
318: Dear ScienceLine, I have a project idea that has to deal with mice and/or bacteria and what factors may lead to lower reproduction rates. The main idea in this experiment is to see if the organism will reproduce even when there is too little food to support the offspring. I will not do any testing in mice, but will definitely be testing bacteria. The question that I have now is whether or not it would be better to work with fruit flies or worms. The main reason why I was considering mice before was the fact they probably have a higher thought process than other animals that can be tested. I was wondering if fruit flies or worms would react in a similar way or if I should just test both.
319: If both my parents have black hair, is there a possiblity that I could have been a blonde?
320: How far away are the stars?
321: What is the temperature in space?
322: What is a galaxy?
323: How old is the Universe?
324: Why does the rising moon look so big?
325: What is a light year?
326: What is the degrees in Fahrenheit of liquid nitrogen?
327: How can ocean temperature change atmosphere temperature and be the cause of El Nino?
328: When you find the number close to the area of a circle, where you keep putting more and more sided shapes on the inside and outside of the circle, can you just do that with triangles and find the average of the two numbers and get the area of the circle?
329: How does an L.E.D.(Light Emitting Diode)work? Why does light appear?
330: V.B. - Visual Basic I am trying to write a install program using visual basic, it might be under the engineering department, I was wondering if you guys could maybe do it for me? It would be very appreciated
331: Why is the sun's corona hotter than the surface of the sun
332: Why exactly is Iraq on the map geologically speaking? What does this have to do with plate tectonics? What specific types of geologic features could be found over there? For examples: Is there any threat of earthquakes over there?
333: The land over in Iran is extremely rich with oil. How did that oil get there? I understand there has to be anticlines & synclines but what tectonically occurred to make these? Also--oil is usually formed when phytoplankton & zooplankton die, accumulate on the ocean floor, get covered up & baked slowly at low temperatures. Where did these plankton come from? Was there an ocean or sea in the area at one time? If so, what was it called?
334: I've heard a little about salt glaciers in Iraq. I understand salt deposits can form along with oil. How large are these salt glaciers and how exactly are these formed?
335: Are there specific weather patterns that would make these massive sand storms we keep hearing about on the news about Iraq? If so, does it have something to do with the weather coming off the Mediterranean Sea?
336: How do I get electricity started with just a wire, battery, and a light bulb. I need it for a project I have to do. I always thought wire doesn't have enough power to light a light bulb.
337: What could be the qualities of fruit flies, bacteria, and mice that made them well-suited to modern genetics research?
338: What do the temperartures along the equator measure?
339: I tried to do some research on what cause the different mass extinctions. I know there are different theories but I only found concrete info on the 65 million years ago extinction. What was the cause of the 245 million years ago mass extinction? Thanks.
340: If you were somehow let lose in space, without a spacesuit, how long would you survive?
341: What do scientists use to measure thermal energy?
342: If the theory of the Multiverse is correct, can one change to a single universe effect the outcome and future of another? If there is more than one universe, are they linked together or are they totally isolated from one another?
343: What exactly is quick sand and why is it called quick sand?
344: Do bugs have blood or what is the liquid called they have? Houseflies seem to have blood but other bugs seem to have rather a greenish or yellowish liquid.
345: What is an atom?
346: Why do dogs or wolves howl at the moon when it is full?
347: Hello, I'm doing a fruit fly experiment dealing with P2 flies and eye color characteristics (red and white). My problem is that I don't understand how to figure out the punnett squares. I'm confused, how do I know what future flies I can be able to predict? What does F1, F2, P1 and P2 mean? Why are they important? All I have been doing is counting flies and differentiating their sex the first time I had 2 red eyed females and 2 red eyed males, then I had 5 red eyed females and 4 red eyed males, the third time I had 11 red eyed females and 2 white eyed males, yesterday I had 20 red eyed females, 15 red eyed males and 8 white eyed males. Can you please help me get it together?!!!!!!!
348: When lightning strikes over the ocean how far away do you have to be to not be affected by the electrical current?
349: Why do springs keep the same shape when you bend them, while other metals stay bent?
350: I'm researching the manufacturing of lipstick for a science paper, and I was wondering if producing lipstick causes any problems for the environment, and what the positive aspects of lipstick manufacturing could be? I was also curious on how lipstick is made and what it involves in terms of the environment?
351: Because Crocodiles can see and breathe underwater, does that mean they have gills or do they have some other respiratory system?
352: There is a ride at the fair called the gravitron, its spins around really fast until you stick to the wall from the force. If you were to throw something up in the air while it was spinning, what would it do? Also, there is this ride called superman at six flags, it shoots you straight into the air and then you fall straight back down, is it true that if you throw a rock in the air while your falling that it will float in front of you?
353: How long do you have to go to school for oceanography?
354: Why does food stay so long in the stomach before it is being allowed to pass gradually into the small intestine?
355: Can an otolith tell a fish's age?
356: How does a virus or bacteria enter the body?
357: What path does the moon's orbit travel around the Earth?
358: Why are there phases of the Moon?
359: How does the Moon control the tides?
360: Can you please list different ways that nuclear power plants are being safe. What items are there and what are researchers researching about Nuclear Energy Safety?
361: We learned that vascular plants with no seeds like ferns, horse tail and club mosses turned into coal over many thousands of years. How did this happen and why is it only plants that form coal?
362: The question is about oil or petroleum. Does this come from animals or also from plants. Why is petroleum a liquid and coal solid? Is it that coal is older and pressed down longer?
363: Is the earth still making new layers of coal or oil?
364: Are pandas related to bears and are raccoons?
365: If phytoplankton provides 50% of the earth's oxygen, what's the other half?
366: Is fire alive? It moves, it feeds on oxygen, but it doesn't think or know where it is moving.
367: At home we have the Internet. It comes through the same cable that hooks to our TV. My neighbors have the Internet too, their mom has a lab top computer that she can move anywhere around the house. She gets the Internet to on her labtop but it is not hooked to any wires. My dad says they have a wireless LAN. Question 1: How does she get the Internet with no wires? Question 2: If we don't need wires for the Internet then why do people spend money buying them? Question 3: Is it the same Internet that people get on their cell phones?
368: Can you explain E= MC2 ?
369: Do cats have belly buttons? If not, then how do their offspring get their nutrients?
370: What makes the sky blue?
371: What is the cause of air pollution? Do animals and plants also pollute the air?
372: I have heard that the Tar Pits close to LA are a good place to find fossils. Are there also dinosaur fossils? Is it a fun place to visit?
373: Why is it that tornadoes do not form on coastal states like California, but they form more in the central states such as Kansas?
374: We are studying cells. I am wondering how scientists found out that the mitochondria are the "powerhouses" of the cell. How did they discover what each organelle does?
375: I have asked you guys a lot of questions before, and I was just wondering do you look up the answers or do you already know them?
376: Lets just say you are in a car that is traveling at the speed of light....if you turn on your head lights, will anything happen?
377: If you melt dry ice, can you swim in it without getting wet?
378: Why is stainless steel less susceptible to rust than other metals?
379: My question has to do with the moon and the sun. I heard that the moon is slowly moving away from the earth at a measurable rate each year. I also heard that the sun is shrinking at a measurable rate each year. If both these things are true how could the earth not burn up millions of years ago if the sun was bigger and wouldn't the moon have been touching the earth?
380: I'm doing a report about laser and my teacher said that someone at UCSB did an invention about a laser that is called blue laser. I was just wondering if you could tell me were to find information about that laser and if you have some pictures about that invention, you can probably send me one of those pictures so I could do a poster on that laser you just invented. That will be a good poster to be of blue laser for me.
381: Why is there an atmosphere around our Earth and not around other planets?
382: If Novas and Super Novas are so far away from our galaxy and our shuttles can't make it through Pluto, how do we know what they look like?
383: How do scientists go about growing bone cartilage? And how soon will people be able to use this bone?
384: Why do we get shocked when we slide down our plastic slide at school? Are electrons moving from us to the slide or from the slide to us?
385: Why do Boom Box speakers give out sound when they are across the room?
386: My brother and my mother both have guitars. My mother can just play hers but my brothers is an electric guitar and he has to plug it in. If he plays it without plugging it in you almost can't hear it at all. Whats the difference? Why can't you hear his as well? When he plugs it in, it is much louder than my mom's. Does it affect the way the guitar sounds?
387: What is forensics?
388: How old is the universe?
389: How can a star be formed? From the big bang the collapse of gas clouds under gravity is supposed to generate the heat required for nuclear fusion. However, a gas cloud would be too hot and the outward pressure would prevent the collapse. I understand that molecules in the cloud collide and radiate enough heat away, but according to the theory, the bang is made mainly of hydrogen, with a little helium with other elements formed inside stars. Helium can't form molecules at all, so the only molecules formed would be molecular hydrogen. Even this is easily destroyed by ultraviolet light and needs dust grains to form. You and I know dust grains require heavier elements. The only coolant left is atomic hydrogen, and this would leave gas clouds over a hundred times too hot to collapse.
390: How do you kayak? we can't find anything on that subject. How do you teach beginners?
391: What is the future prospect for Marine Biologist? Or where could I find this information?
392: Hi, I am doing a science project for my AP chem class and I was wondering if you could provide me with a good source of information as to how to electroplate copper pennies using metal solutions and an electric current. We need to know exactly what we need to use for the solution and solid metal in the other beaker. My partner and I have already made most of the setup but we need to know what the most efficient solutions are to use and need a procedure. We would also appreciate a list of various solutions that we can use to plate the penny with different metals. We had planned on using silver nitrate to plate it with silver, but we would like to use more than one solution and plate the penny multiple times. I wanted to plate it with chrome, but I was informed by a tutor that the only suitable chrome solution would be chrome cyanide, which would not be very healthy. Mr. Bausback thinks it comes in other solutions but he is not sur;, can you verify this and/or tell us if there is a more healthy chrome solution available?
393: If you take good crystal glasses and move your finger around the edges, why do they make sound. Also, if you fill them with water, why does the sound vary?
394: In lactic acid bacteria, where does malolactic fermentation/decarboxylation take place? What are the steps for the reaction?
395: Since viruses are always changing, will we ever find a cure and if so how long?
396: Why do cats and dogs not get along?
397: Why can dogs only see red?
398: How did humans become so smart and learn all the technology? Could sheep or some other type of animal become smart and invent new technology? If you accustom a type of non-human animal to what humans do could they just act like a Human? Are there Homo Erectus or one of those types of Human presently on Earth?
399: What is electricity?
400: How is electricity made?
401: How does a computer work?
402: How does electricity get to us?
403: If you go down the slide really fast and you wait for a few minutes and if you touch a pole will you get shocked?
404: How does the electricity come from the sky?
405: How does electricity work with your hair?
406: How did electricity start?
407: what happens if a flashlight lands in water? If you put your hand in it what will happen?
408: When I turn off the TV , does it give me a shock?
409: Are a conductor and a neutron the opposite?
410: How come some balloons stick to the wall?
411: Q1.Who invented the internet? Q2.Who invented the website, and the computer?
412: When you are lifting, how does it make your muscle strong? When you put steroids in your body, how does it affect your body?
413: When you eat does your heart work harder?
414: Who discovered electrons,protons, and neutrons?
415: Amongst the AP science teachers this year there has been an epiphany: nobody knows exactly what fire is. Obviously, it's an oxidation reaction requiring oxygen, heat, and fuel. However, there is still indecision about what exactly defines the edge of the flame itself. Is the flame superheated air that simply releases photons according to how much energy each molecule has? If that is the case, would the flame's boundary extend as one views the flame at increasing wavelengths?
416: I was wondering what the geology of the SB coast is? Like possibly what types of rocks and metals are found in and near the ocean. I am doing a project to see what types of substrate marine inverts prefer and I need to know what are some different substrates. Thanks.
417: Hello. How can it be possible for an organism to survive living a intermediate state of evolution. Like bats, was there a point in their evolutionary process where they had small wings? I hope you understand my question, because it's the best way I could write it. Thanks.
418: I am a student working on a research project through the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. My project is on intertidal succession and settlement. I am observing what settles first on different substrates and seeing if organisms prefer certain substrates. My ideas for substrates are shale, plastic (represent PVC piping used in oceans), steel (represent ships and oil dereks), and the artificial reef at Goleta Beach. I am wondering about intertidal settlement and what organisms would be good to possibly observe. Thank you.
419: How far away is Mars from Earth ?
420: I'm doing a science project on electroplating and I need a good solution to bond copper onto steel. I have tried the vinegar solutions, but they are too weak and only create a thick film that rubs off: I need something stronger.
Thanks!

421: We know the number of chromosomes an organism has is unique to that organism. For example, we (humans) have 23 pairs, but if we had 12 pairs we might be a cherry tomato or something like that. Since there are millions of species, are there many organisms that "overlap" chromosome numbers - what other species have 23 pairs?
422: Since Down's syndrome appears to be a somewhat random act of non disjunction, why is it that it seems as though there are fewer minority children with Down's than Caucasian kids? Is there any correlation with race, or is it simply our mis-observation?
423: How long does it take for a completely new species to form?
424: Why is it that water freezes on the surface of a lake but not below it?
425: My house has mildew on the blinds and the curtains. Is it possible to kill it with ammonia?
426: What was the closest distance between Saturn and Earth?
427: Do horses see in color?
428: How long does it take a frog to develop?
429: We are studying about mixtures, solutions and compounds and came across a puzzle. What is Jello? We (the class) seem to be confused. Some of us think it's a mixture, while some us think it's a solution.
430: I am doing research on Easter Island. My question is if you have any experts on Easter Island and if you do, can I interview them for my paper?
431: How can you find a parallel universe if you don't even know it's there?
432: I understand that scientists first check out how old the bones are to make sure they found some old ones but how do they know what kind of animal it was, when they find only some bones?
433: How can scientist know how big a prehistoric animal was when they find only some bones of it?
434: Whys it the equator hotter than the north and south poles
435: I am currently working on a science project and I am struggling with finding a mentor that can teach me about how vitamin C is lost when you cook various vegetables/fruits. If you know of anyone intrested in helping me on this school science project please e-mail me A.s.a.p Thanks!
436: Why do certain bacteria change color at different temperatures? Is this an evolutionary strategy?
437: In science we learned that mass is the amount of matter in a body no matter where we are, and weight has to do with gravity. But if I am only thinking about living on Earth, is mass and weight here not the same? Do I "weigh" 49 kg or do I "mass" 49 kg? What is my bathroom scale telling me, my weight or my mass?
438: Why does one basketball bounce higher than the other even though they are both pumped up? What makes the little rubber balls bounce so much higher than a basketball; what is it made out of?
439: Serratia marcescens is red at 25 C and white at 37 C. I did an experiment and checked it in a book. I know that this is due to a pigment. But, if the colonies thrive at both temperatures why the change in color? Is one more helpful or protective?
440: I don't understand how should I represent a single sinusoidal form like AC voltage (or) current into sum of two sinusoidal forms.. like r[cos(x) + j sin(x)]. I am not able to visualize it properly. I understand binomial expansion of e to the power jx, sin x, and cos x. I understand the rectangular representation of complex number and involvement of sin and cos there. But how to represent a sinusoidal wave as a complex number? Any other field uses complex number to represent a physical quantity?
441: Please explain to me why the Ar for Chlorine is 35.5 and not 35 as might be expected from a model of the chlorine atom containing 17 protons and 18 neutrons.
442: Is it possible to fly to the moon in one day?
443: How do different biome affect population ecology?
444: I am trying to do a science project using electroplating, and one requirement is that the project tries to explore/answer a question. However, I am having difficulty determining a question that I could answer definitely, unlike "how well" something plated. I know I could attempt to measure the amount of something plated, however the measurements would be extremely small, and I don't have the tools to measure that. So, I would greatly appreciate any help I could get as to what question I could answer with an electroplating science project (plating copper onto a quarter/nickel)...Thank you!
445: Why is my weight different at the equator than it is at either pole?
446: I am doing a science project in my class and I need a mentor. My experiment is to find out if the timbre (tone quality) has any effect on the efficiency of resonance. I want to test it by finding the natural frequency of a glass and reproducing it with several different instruments with different combinations of overtones. If anyone could give me a hand, it would be greatly appreciated and its really not that much of a commitment. Thank you!
447: If the outer core is melted metal it would have to be hot enough for the metal to melt of course. If the inner core is also made of the same materials as the outer core, then why does the inner core not melt as well? If the inner core is completely surrounded by melted metal than it should be breaking down as well shouldn't it? What causes the inner core to stay solid?
448: Why does all the smoke in the air change the ozone amount? We were not allowed to play outside yesterday at our school because the air was so bad.
449: Do you think a good research project would be to research how drugs and alcohol effect people, if so do you have any information I can use in my report?
450: What is an eclipse?
451: Is there an easy way to make agar plates from our local kelp? I want to do a science experiment where I use agar plate to let bacteria grow on and I thought I could make these plates myself.
452: Why do we sometimes "twitch" right before we fall asleep?
453: What chemical best reacts violently with electricity when combined?
454: Why do the solar flares interact with cell phones and other electronic devices?
455: In the beginning of the week we had very low tide. I think I never saw it so low. Was this unusual?
456: I understand that monoclonal antibodies are made by fusing a lymphocyte cell and a cancer cell but wouldn't this hybrid cell have double the normal number of chromosomes?
457: What will be the effect of giving a plant beer instead of water?
458: What are the health and safety requirements when teaching microorganisms to students? A student in our school has fungi and bacteria (from children's coughs)in sealed plastic petri dishes and they have been there for a couple of weeks - is this allowed/safe? The Y 6 teacher has concerns.
459: Can you clean water at your house?
460: If in the Inertidal zone there are organisms in the water how can they survive in the water with nothing to eat? What do they eat? How? How warm must the water be? Can they live if the water gets hotter or colder? How? Why?
461: Why is there life in the ocean?
462: Why do different animals live in different zones of the ocean?
463: Is it possible to make a fish glow without inserting any genes from a jellyfish or any other type of genes?
464: How do membranes become more permeable to ions?
465: The reaction between a cyanoacrylate super-glue and sodium bicarbonate is one that intrigues me. It forms a type of cement that is virtually unbreakable. I have looked all over the internet for what occurs in this reaction, but have found nothing. Could you help me out by telling me what happens in this reaction? Thank you!
466: Can you explain why a soda cools faster in an ice- bath than a refrigerator?
467: We've learned that microbes, and specifically bacteria, can live almost everywhere - even in extreme environments. We are wondering, can microbes live in a vacuum? In outer space? In a black hole?
468: Does pressure have any effect on Volcanic eruptions?
469: Why can't I feel the spinning of the earth?
470: What does 0.1 cm3 of water weigh in grams?
471: Hello, I am in the teacher education program at UCSB. I am working toward becoming a science teacher. I am constructing a lesson that I will give to secondary school students. I would like to ask your advice/feeling toward creating a lesson based around the achievements of Ben Franklin. Ideally the lesson needs to be about a scientist who differs from the traditional representation of scientists. Do you think Ben fits the traditional model, or do you believe the achievements he made sets him apart form the stereotype of a scientist who is a white male, and is detached from society. Your prompt response would greatly be appreciated, along with any suggestions you may have toward designing my lesson.
472: Can you please tell me why motion pictures look like they're in motion when we view them, when in reality the film is made up of single frames (photographs) that aren't moving at all? And along the same lines, why do we see "flip-books" as action in motion? (I'm looking for a scientific phrase and/or term to help me describe the how and why of the process.)
473: Within the light spectrum there is a range visible to us. Electricity in the form of lightning is visible. Is there a visible form of gravity?
474: What makes people ticklish?
475: I am trying to do some research on ligaments and I cannot find an exact definition of a ligament. Is it true that ligaments are tissues that are interwoven together? If so, what would the correct definition be for a ligament? Thank you so much.
476: When you fill a balloon with hydrogen and let it float up, and you then put a match on it, it will explode. Why is that so?
477: Is it possible that an animal could set foot on another planet?
478: In the theory of the formation of the moon, what happened to the large body that hit the Earth?
479: Has a planet or star gone into a black hole?
480: If the sun blows up would we all die, and if yes, how long will it take?
481: How many comets have almost hit the Earth?
482: How do scientists find out the gravity on other planets if they've never been on that planet?
483: Has the volcano on Mars ever erupted ?
484: When will Betelgeuse die? How will we know when it's going to die?
485: What is so important about science?
486: I'm going to be student teaching in 2nd grade starting in January. I'm doing my big unit on light and shadows and was looking for pictures of scientists as we will do our unit using scientific inquiry methods--I want to build up the idea of being scientists. What could you do with the students in this class during our unit? Do you have materials you send out or would they ask questions over the internet? Also, can you tell me what type of guest presenters you might suggest for 2nd grade and careers that deal with light and shadows?
487: How do you measure humidity in the air? Also how does humidity effect people's hair?
488: What kinds of organisms live on algae?
489: How can you find out how warm the water is without a thermometer?
490: Where can I get a sample of several items that will help me to answer what substance keeps fresh flowers the longest?
491: We are studying states of matter. We have a question about glass. We have discrepant information from the Internet about whether, at room temperature, it is a liquid with a very high viscosity or a solid. Could you please answer our question: At room temperature, is glass a solid or a liquid? Thank you very much!
492: How do scientists predict a solar and lunar eclipse?
493: What are the main differences between stars and planets?
494: What are some theories about the innards of a Black Hole? And also, what are some theories about the outlet of a Black Hole?
495: I have a friend who is exceedingly tall in height and is curious if there are any ways, methods, or operations that can be done to shrink one's physical height?
496: What is a reed switch? And how does it work?
497: When I was in Germany I watched the sunset and the sun went down really slowly. Then I came back to Goleta and I watched the sunset and the sun went down really fast. Why is that?
498: I am doing a science fair project and I was wondering what would be a good substance to use as an emulsifier to mix water and gasoline to be burned in an engine. I know it can be done I just need to know what will work. Please send a reply with anything you can offer. Thanks.
499: Is it possible to mix water and gasoline? If so how do you do it?
500: I have heard some talk about a tenth planet, supposedly called "X". What I have heard is that this planet orbits (When thinking of our Solar System on an XY Axis) On the Y axis as opposed to the other planets which rotate on the X axis. I have also heard that this planet could have caused the annihilation of the dinosaurs. Is this something true or just a myth?
501: What happens in an ionic bond?
502: Does blonde hair turn green in chlorinated water because chlorine is green?
503: Can diamonds appear in graphite?
504: What is the name of the genetic disorder?
505: How do ships float?
506: Do rabbits have the same taste buds as humans? Does something sweet to us taste sweet to them? How would it possible to find out?
507: If the sun's light peaks in the green, why do plants prefer to reflect green light (giving them their green color)? And in particular why do they prefer to absorb red light and with that not efficiently utilizing the sun's radiation?
508: If a virus and a bacteria were introduced into an environment of pure oxygen, would the virus be able to reproduce via the bacteria? Does this only occur with certain types of viruses and/or bacteria? Would the virus, bacteria, or both die off(either way)? Would they be able to live in harmony even if the virus didn't reproduce via the bacteria? Or would they both die off?
509: Hi. I was wondering, with all the talk about mad cows and it's impact in human health. If prions are proteins, and proteins denaturalize with heat... how can it be possible for a prion to "infect" (I don't know if the term infect can be applied to prion diseases) a person who has eaten an infected (yes, again) cow, or sheep or another animal? I was wondering this because in several web sites I have found the same information, but like any science student I'm skeptic. Please explain. I know my English is kind of lame, sorry, but my only English teaching resources are books and the Simpsons. Thank you -Diego Delgado
510: Why did my five gallon water bottle freeze before my eyes when we brought it inside to stop it from freezing. It formed star like ice crystals that spread to the bottom in less than a minute! The bottles had spent the night outside during a deep freeze for this area. Two froze outside and two froze in the house. How did that happen?
511: Is Pluto a terrestrial planet or is it a gas giant?
512: How are animals classified ?
513: What cleansing procedures do personnel destined for Biosafety Level Four have to go through?
514: How long does it take for a magnet to lose its power?
515: Why does the sun get sunspots?
516: What objects do solar flares damage?
517: Where do plants prefer to live?
518: For a person with allergies to dogs and cats would it be possible to have a Chihuahua?
519: Is light matter?
If it is, what form/state of matter is it?
If it is not, why not?

520: How do heterotrophs live?
521: The study of the geology of the planets is called what?
522: Is the core hotter than the corona?
523: An astronomy question: Does the length of time the moon is visible from Earth change month-to-month or season-to-season? We know the length of day changes with the sun, but we're wondering about the moon. Also, we know the sun and moon are not orbiting in the same plane (relative to the earth) because if they were, we would have solar eclipses every month. So, how do the orbital planes differ for the earth around the sun and the moon around the earth? Thank you very much!!!!
524: I did a science fair project using glass squares cut the same size and thickness. I fractured the glass by dropping the same weight at the same spot. Why didn't it break the same way?
525: Which evolved first plants or fungus? How do we know?
526: I've heard that according to Darwin's theory of evolution Man and monkey have a common ancestor is this true and what is this ancestor?
527: Does cold air increase or decrease tire air pressure?
528: How is a solution different from a suspension?
529: This general Chemistry class is just starting off and we wanted to exercise our curiosity by asking questions. Can you please tell us why do we see all of the different colors we see? Someone told me that it is because of chromophores and I was wondering if that was true. Thank you very much.
530: Why is the ozone layer disappearing only in Antarctica ?
531: If an airplane cabin is pressurized, and the atmosphere is thinner as a plane increases its altitude, why doesn't the airplane explode?
532: How strong is crumpled paper??
533: Why do people have to work so hard for money?
534: How long is the distance around the earth?
535: If all the animals and creatures were taken out of the ocean, how would the water level go down?
536: How do chemists play a role in the medical field? What kind of research do chemists do that has an impact on the life of an everyday person (besides studying chemical reactivity,and discovering and creating new laboratory elements that many people do not ever hear or know about anyway)?
537: How big can a Molecule actally get (spread)?
538: How do I tell if a mixture is separated?
539: Why is the sky and ocean blue, and the grass green?
540: Why do liquids have surface tension in a beaker?
541: Why is it that you can see yourself in a mirror with every accurate little detail?
542: Why can't solid particles move around as much as any other substance?
543: Why does water boil from heat?
544: What are the effects on a human body when they are poisoned with Arsenic?
545: I wanted to know, how did they figure out when they use nuclear fission on a uranium-235 nucleus it would make a lot of energy and heat to produce a nuclear bomb without the scientists getting hurt when it was first discovered?
546: Is it possible to take pure alcohol out of an alcoholic drink with a physical change, since alcohol is a homogenous mixture?
547: Who invented the study of chemistry?
548: Why does the sun affect the pigment in your skin?
549: What happens inside your body that makes you cry when you get hurt? Is it a reflex?
550: Let's say you have a copper plate. The copper plate is at 30 degrees celsius. That's 86 degrees fahrenheit. Why is it that air at 86 degrees fahrenheit doesn't feel as hot to your skin as copper at 86 degrees fahrenheit?
Another aspect of my question: Heat is the average kinetic energy of a substance, average translational energy I believe, ie the motion of the particles, in a gas the particles have kinetic energy, and move about chaotically, and collectively this energy is the substance's heat energy/internal energy. In air, the particles are free to move as described above. In the copper, the total heat energy of the particle is described by the average energy of the particles, which i suppose are vibrating, not moving about translationally.
So let's say you have your copper plate at 86 degrees fahrenheit, and you have a certain volume of air at say 80. The metal plate will warm the air, transferring heat, until the air reaches 86. The whole system will probably settle at a common temperature of like 83 or whatever, and in reality it would eventually just reach a lower equilibrium as more and more heat dissipated. But I don't know if I am correct in this.
It seems like the copper plate at 86 degrees is much hotter than the air at 86 degrees, and the plate will continue to dump heat into the air. Maybe I'm wrong.
What about water? What if you have an 86 degree copper plate in contact with water at say 84 degrees. It just seems to me like the plate feels much hotter than the water, yet it would seem thermal equilibrium would tell us that the copper plate will only heat the water two more degrees, and then no more heat transfer will occur. Is this correct? Thank you very much for your help.

551: Hi, I am doing a science project on temperature sensitive color changing bacteria. It is centered around Serratia marcescens, a bacterium which grows red at 25 degrees Celsius, but loses its pigmentation ( prodigiosin is its pigment) at 37 degrees Celsius. I need to know what the cellular substances that control pigment formation and are regulated by temperature are. I would greatly appriciate your help on this, and also any additional information you have about Serratia marcescens' color changing circumstances. Thank you very much, Caitlin.
552: Hi, I am doing a science project with bacteria and I have another question. Are there any circumstances besides temperature that will cause a bacterium to change or lose its pigmentation?
553: I know how lightning works, but why doesn't strike when it snows?
554: Why can't you see the stars in outer space?
555: DOES COFFEE AFFECT YOU BLOOD PRESSURE?
556: What are hydrofluorocarbons?
557: When people have "pink eye", and they wake up with their eyes stuck together, where does the sticky part come from? What is it?
558: How does bleach whiten clothes and why does it ruin clothes if to much is applied?
559: Does saltwater affect the production of rust?
560: What are different experiments that can be conducted on local shorelines for a science fair project?
561: Hello. I am currently working on my sophomore science project and am trying to think of a topic. An idea I had was : How quickly does algae accumulates on different surfaces, like wood or plastic in various locations underwater. (Deep, shallow, rocky, sandy, still, etc.) Is that a good idea and would I be able to grow them in small tanks? How would I go about doing that? Thanks, Kim Young
562: Why is odor always classified as a physical property as opposed to a chemical property?
563: I read that recent studies have shown that trees and other plant life do not absorb as much carbon dioxide as previously believed. I hope to investigate the effects of different levels of carbon dioxide on a type of plant in a controlled environment. To be more specific, I am looking for a botanist who could answer any of my questions and assist me in creating an experiment for a science project.
564: What is the line between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?
565: If you increase the speed of a 2.0-kg air puck by 3.0 m/s in 4.0 s, what force do you exert on it?
566: In the summer when I go to the beach, my hair gets a lot lighter. What is it that causes it to go that? Is it the sun, saltwater, or both?
567: Hello there.
Two of my seniors in the AP Physics class were studying standing waves and they fashioned a Ruben's tube, which is a perforated pipe filled with gas, mounted at one end with a speaker driven by a function generator. The speaker sets the gas into motion and they see small flames in a standing wave pattern from the holes in the pipe. The question relates to the fact that they have had a few small fires that burn their speakers, and of course, are concerned about safety.

568: Why does hot air rise and cold air stays at the bottom? Is it because they have different densities?
569: Why is it that dry ice is colder than regular ice? What different "elements" make it colder?
570: I have heard that if you look at a solar eclipse (right at that moment)it is really dangerous. If this is true, why? Is it kind of the same idea as looking directly at the sun?
571: We've learned that all arthropods have a tough outer covering called an exoskeleton. However, we have also learned that some arthropods, such as "honey-pot" ants and ticks actually expand as they collect honey or blood in their body. Is the exoskeleton able to expand? Do these organisms have a different type of exoskeleton that other arthropods?
572: Can you tell me the animals with the strongest stomach acid? Can you tell me what these animals can digest as a result of this stronger stomach acid?
573: Will we ever be able to travel back in time?
574: I did a project on glass fracture. I have wrote to you before and I was told about conchoidal fracture (the way glass fractures). You described it as circular and/or spiral shaped. I personally have never seen glass break this way. The results in my tests do not show this type of breakage, either. Do you know why? Can you give me some answers?
575: What is acid rain and what causes it?
576: If the wheel is farther off the axel or truck, will that make the skateboard go faster?
577: I was mixing up a solution or iron (III) nitrate for my chemistry class to do a lab on equilibrium. Of course, as the iron nitrate dissolved, the solution took on a brownish color, characteristic of the Fe (III) ion. The solution needed to be mixed with a few ml of conc. nitric acid. When the acid was added to the solution, the brownish color left, and the solution became clear - colorless with maybe a slight purple tint. OK, what happened to the color? The Fe(III) is still in solution (I think)...seems like it should retain the color. Could it have been oxidized to something higher that is colorless? What's with the purple? Help.
578: What are archae (or archaebacteria)? How do they get their food? Where are they found? Are there any good websites for students about them?
579: How is silk made?
580: When using thin layer chromatography is it possible to separate out enantiomers?
581: Is it possible to bring a substance to "absolute zero" on the Kelvin scale? If so, how would it be done?
582: How is it that certain things can combine in such ways to form new products, or formulas? How do they come about.
583: How is it that when you have a bubble and you blow it up with oxygen and then light it with fire the bubble kind of explodes, into a ball?
584: How is it possible to combine a noble gas such a Xe with other elements?
585: What is involved with actually splitting an atom, since I heard that was invovled with nuclear bombs?
586: Does the sky ever end, because after sky there is space? But is space is still part of the sky?
587: What exactly does Hepatitus C do to your body?
588: What in your body causes a person to go into a coma?
589: How is a damaged liver able to regenerate back to normal?
590: I went to Paris a few months ago, and we went over Greenland and I spotted the aurora, and I was wondering what exactly causes this light to happen?
591: How did science determine that there was a hole in the ozone layer?
592: What type of laser is in a Cd player, and what makes a laser?
593: if our lungs needs oxygen to breathe how come we can't take in Carbon Dioxide.
594: Why are there two different families of planets, Jovian and Terrestrial?
595: Do you have an experiment that will work to show the effects of carbonated soda beverages on tooth decay?
596: In our textbook, there is a picture of a sea star with four small, nubby arms and one huge arm. The caption describes how a sea star can regenerate to grow into two new sea stars if it has part of it chopped off. However, assuming that the huge arm was chopped off a huge sea star, how does it (the arm) eat / get rid of wastes while it is growing back the other four arms. Wouldn't a chopped off arm just die?
597: If there is no oxygen in space, how are there explotions with fire?
598: Why is water clear?
599: Why is lava red?
600: Why is the speed of light so much faster than the speed of sound?
601: why can dogs hear so much better than humans?
602: I know everyday we are discovering new things, but is there any limit to what we can find about what happens in space. I saw on the news that we had found a new planet, approximately how long or how much research does it actually take to get this kind of information, is their any limit to our knowledge about the planets that we come up with?
603: Can a different chemical, change the boiling point of H2O? My hypothesis is that the reaction is based on the chemicals used on this experiment.
604: Why do we need electricity?
605: I know that you can suffer from having insufficient calcium in your body, but can you overdo it? What would be the symptoms, and what would be too much? Thanks.
606: Hello. I'm a student in DPHS. I have a question about black holes. Could you answer it, please? My question is: I've learned that there are many black holes in our galaxy and they are moving. What will be happened, if two black holes collide against each other? Thanks for your favor.
607: Can man reproduce water?
608: Why do asteroids concentrate between Mars and Jupiter?
609: Quantum effects are normally important only on atomic scales or smaller. Gravity is the dominant force for very massive bodies. Under what conditions will quantum effects become important for gravity?
610: It is known that there are small asteroids with very irregular shapes. What are the forces that give these asteroids their shapes? What shape do you think a neutron star that does not rotate around its axis can have?
611: It is known that living cells can, to some extent, repair their DNA. Do you think this process can be done without using some form of energy?
612: Why are tidepools saltier than open ocean water?
613: Yesterday my teacher saw a lot of robins, between 50-100, all standing still facing the south as if at attention. They were not moving for several minutes. Can you explain this? We had some severe weather later in the day and evening that included very high winds and according to the weather maps, the storms were from the south. Is this related?
614: Hey, I'm having a debate with a kid in school about what would happen to your body if it was floating out in space without protection of a space suit. Would you implode?
615: Is there anthing on this earth that a magnetic field can't go through?
616: Can air bubbles burst when inside water?
617: I'm doing my science fair project comparing aluminum and wooden bats. I want to see which one will hit the ball farther. Any ideas on how to set up a really good experiment? How about some information about how the bats are made to make the difference, if there is one, in how far the ball travels?
618: I am an 8th grade science teacher and I have the following question: How do we measure true mass on Earth? I teach that a balance measures mass, but I find that a spring scale gives the same answer. If, on Earth, a 100 g object weights approximately 1 N, it's mass should be 100 g on a balance, but not a spring scale. Yet I get 100 g on the spring scale as well. I have not found an answer to my quandary so perhaps I am not asking the correct question. Thanks for your help.
619: I have spiders in my house that may be Brown Recluse. I've been trying to identify myself, but really need a high powered microscope to see the 6-paired eyes and markings. Can you identify in your lab? If not, do you know where I could take these to be identified? Any assistance would be appreciated! Patty Leis
620: What is a fossil in which minerals replace all or part of an organism called.
621: If a person was do digest and acid or a base with a pH of 14 or 1 what would that acid or base do to their insides? What is the lowest or highest pH someoen can eat without injury?
622: Dear Science Line,
It seems like I sink in the swimming pool if I make a canon ball shape out of my body. It also seems like I float better if I spread out with out stretched arms and legs. My thinking is this: Because Density is Mass/ volume, if you make a cannon ball shape out your body you are not decreasing your volume. Right? I suspect that there is a buoyancy change relative to my now different surface area and that density is not the issue. Mr. Mann thinks it has to do with my volume changing due to my inflated lungs, thus affecting my density. Question: So...... Why do I sink if I make a cannon ball shape out of my body? Who is right Mr. Mann or me? Major boasting rights at stake here so we would appreciate your attention to this as soon as possible.

623: Why when you bring a balloon into a cold atmosphere the balloon size decreases and when you put the balloon in a warmer atmosphere the size of the balloon goes back to its regular size?
624: Could you please tell me if is it possible to replace telephone lines by electromagnetic waves such as tv broadcasts, so that one would access the internet anywhere simply by the help of an antenna like he does the same while he wishes to watch TV? Without any cables I hope you can get my question. And thanks in advance for your kindness.
625: Explain, using scientific terms, why overloading a ship might cause it to sink.
626: What percent of the ocean's water is salt?
627: How does hair conditioner work? How does it de-tangle the hair and does it truly do anything?
628: Hi, I was wondering in how the effect of surfboard resin works in harden if it is a liquid and it turns into a solid really fast after putting it in the sun. Is it a chemical reaction?
629: Is gravity stronger, weaker or the same at the north and south poles compared to the equator? If so, why?
630: How does wild dogs hear differ from domestic dogs hearing? Do wild dogs have a different hearing copasty then domestic dogs? Can you send me a diagran of the inside of a dogs ear?
631: Does cold water freeze faster than hot water? How can you tell?
632: How High does a Voice Pitch Have to Be to Break A Crystal Glass?
633: My dad told that when low pressure system moves in (like before a storm) some animals reduce their activity. He said, that some people thought that this was natures way of making animals bed-up to be safe before and during a storm , it this true.
634: Why does moss only grow on the north side of trees? Also why is its texture fuzzy?
635: What is enthalpy?
636: What is entropy?
637: What is Spontaneity and Gibb's free energy?
638: What are electrochemical cells, and what is electrolysis and how does it work?
639: What is the difference between Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes?
640: What is Titration?
641: Could we use sea sponges as monitors for pollutants in water? If so, how?
642: Do aluminum bats have a "sweet spot"? What makes the "sweet spot" on a wooden bat? How can you tell when you find it?
643: What is the most dangerous two chemicals to mix that we know of? And why are the so volatile together?
644: What makes a tornado?
645: Where do seeds come from? I know flowers form from seeds but how do seeds form?
646: Consider if it is possible to store information in a linear system?
647: Do all plants die?
648: How can I separate pure water from salty sea water? Pure water has to be left.
649: What is the biggest plant in the world?
650: Which plant has the biggest leaves?
651: Do you think it will be possible to create a "box" that could screen external gravitational fields?
652: How does water temperature affect the rate of starfish limb regeneration?
653: I am currently doing a science project on natural oil seeps and their effect on kelp. Though I am not finished with my experiment, I have counted bryozoans and found that petroleum kelp contained these colonies, whereas the non-petroleum kelp did not. Basically I have found that petroleum does not affect the kelp because the petroleum does not stick to the kelp, like it does to so many other organisms. My question: why does the petroleum not affect the kelp, what does the kelp have to make the petroleum not stick to it when the petroleum sticks to feathers and kayak paddles?
654: Hello, I am a high school student who was assigned a career investigation research project pertaining to a field of biology. I have chosen to research the lovely field of Marine Biology. The following is a list of questions that I am required to find out from someone with knowledge on Marine Biology. So please write back answering my questions to the best of your abilities. 1. A typical job description for a person in the profession field of marine biology. 2. Regions where there is a demand for this profession. 3. A typical pay scale for this profession when starting, after 5 yrs., after 10 yrs., after 20 yrs. 4. Any unique risk for persons in this profession.
655: If you see a baby bird on the ground, is it OK to pick it up and put it back in the nest?
656: how deep is the deepest ocean?
657: Why do we have earthquakes? What makes the different motions for example ( a rolling motion or fast jolting movement)? I have heard earthquakes are trying to move the plates but why are they trying to move the plates?
658: What makes dirt? I am pretty sure rocks make sand, but what makes dirt?
659: What happens when the PH of a pool is not balanced?
660: Why is the anode connected with the negative charge on a battery? And the cathode with the positive end of the battery? Why are they related?
661: In chromatography, why does the blue color separate last? We did an experiment at school and for some reason if a piece of paper started separating and if it had blue in it the blue was always last.
662: What reaction takes place when you wear copper and your finger turns green?
663: Please tell me name of some metals or alloys which behave as superconductors at room temperature or above.
664: How is it that our tongue can distinguish different types of foods?
665: How is it that we grow hair on our eyelids, is it a different type of hair?
666: Why do we get burned so fast if we don't put on sunscreen? I know it has to do with the rays but is it something in our skin too?
667: How do we have the ability to hear sounds such as music or people talking? What goes on in our ears that this is possible?
668: Does science have to play a role on some of the emotions that out brought out in us everyday? Is there something happening inside of us that triggers us to put out what ever we are feeling?
669: What are the possible ways we can detect radioactivity in a room? I know that radiation affects the brain but really how does it affect us over all as a human?
670: How can I work out the following:- If a car is stationary and then accelerates to 20m.p.h., what distance will it cover in 1 second, 2 seconds etc. whilst it is still accelerating? The car has a 0-60 mph time of 12 seconds. Will be great if you can help. Thanks. (I would have asked the U.K. science line, but they have run out of funds!)
671: Are red socks an element, compound or mixture? Using buoyant force, how to determine the "weight capacity" of a boat? Process when frost forms on your windshield in the morning?
672: If you are on a skate board does it matter if your weight is shifted more to the front than the back?
673: Cells use chemical energy. Some organic chemicals are rich stores of chemical energy. Why is this?
674: I read the answer to a question concerning warping of space-time. i.e the curvature of space-time is due to the effects of massive objects and their consequence, gravity. ok I have read about experiments concerning high powered lasers that are reflected around a space to infinity and the area within the space has shown a slight warpage or bending in its local space-time. Are the lasers causing a build up of mass in this area or are they providing "traction" on space-time and causing a rotation to occur?
675: What causes the parallel lines of light and shadow on the ceiling above my bedroom window, in the morning when the curtains are still closed?
The lines extend beyond the ends of the window, and are very numerous and of varying in width and grayness. Covering any area of the window merely reduces the intensity overall.

676: What fundamental, basic science facts should all People know? In teaching science, especially at lower levels, teachers must make hard choices about what material to cover, and what we must reluctantly leave out. While I'd love to see educational and political forces pushing to increase emphasis on science education, instead, we see increasingly science taking a back seat to other subjects. Many students are reaching junior high without having had any formal science education, and often having critical misconceptions about the universe in which they live. I'm looking for the opinions of scientists on these questions. What basic ideas should all students know? What science skills should all students possess?
677: I am student that is very much interested in biology, especially in cells and DNA, and want to become a dentist or general practitioner (doctor).
I am e-mailing you to find out how scientific studies are done by real scientists. These questions are addressed to any scientist in the field of Biology (Molecular, Cell & Neurobiology).
1) How many research projects are you working on?
2) Can you please give me a brief description of each one and indicate the duration of each investigation?

678: Is a marshmallow a solid or a liquid?
679: I plan to take Biology in University then move onto medical school to become a doctor. I am doing a physics project in my class and I would like to ask you a few questions.
My questions are addressed to any scientist in the field of Biology.
My questions are:
1. How many projects are you working on?
2. Can you please give me a brief description of each one and indicate the duration of each investigation?

680: Hello, A couple of my students were wondering about the following questions, and rather than give a partially correct answer I was hoping you could give me the complete answer. Thank you so much. 1. Why is there only some gravity on earth. Yes, I know that 1/6 of the earth's gravity is found on the moon, but why? 2. If there was no gravity on earth would there be hurricanes and tornadoes?
681: Hey, I was recently talking with a friend about alternative fuel sources (maily for automobiles) and primarily nitrogen. I am not 100% sure how the nitrogen that is used for nitrogen powered cars is obtained, but my friend thought that it is usually just taken from the atmosphere and purified. This is what brought about my question, as we then got into a discussion as to what would happen to the atmosphere if nitrogen powered cars became very popular, and the nitrogen was just taken from the atmosphere. My friend pointed out that if this became the case, that since nitrogen makes up a considerable amount of our atmosphere, something would have to replace it's void if we were to take a percent of it out of the air. He then presented his two opinions on what would happen: 1. Oxygen, or some other gas, would make up a larger percent of our atmosphere to replace the void of the disappearing nitrogen, and in the case of oxygen, we could suffer from oxygen intoxication if the percent of it in our atmosphere became to great. His other opinion was that, if nothing was able to replace the nitrogen, our atmosphere would more or less implode. So my question is: what would happen? Because after we discussed it a little further, we realized that the second opinion might not be right, given the fact that space is void of all matter, and therefore could not make the earth's atmosphere implode. Thanks.
682: Mixing hot and cold water causes a refraction, distorts the water clarity and creates a wavy appearance. Do you know the explanation of this and what these waves are called?
683: What would happen if you took the air out of a marshmallow and then suck the air back in the marshmallow?
684: I live on an island. My house is on a hill. When I look out it appears that the ocean is higher then the island that I live on. I know that this can't be true. And it only looks that way from my home in a hill. Why?
685: I am doing a science project for school and am about 90% sure that I would like it to be in the field of light dispersion (of rainbows). I have done some research on it, but I am indecisive about what the variable should be, that would create the more advanced and better project. I could change the size of the drops, take a digital picture of it, and measure the changes of the angle (between the incoming ray and refracted ray) on the computer. Or, the variable could be liquid, and I could observe how different indices of refraction affect the same angle as above. A third choice I have is to change the drop size, but I do not know how to do this precisely. A last project I am debating over could be to see how any one of the above variables affects the brilliance of rainbows. I am open to any suggestions or new ideas. Thank you!
686: How do starfish create new limbs?
687: Why do whales and other sea mammals breach?
688: Is there life after death?
689: In what year do you think scientists will be able to see out of our galaxy with telescopes?
690: If a giant squid has a soft body, how can it survive in such deep water pressure, when even the best submarines can't got as deep that deep?
691: Are there some cells (organs) in our body that are similar to our appendix? Such that we don't need but could actually kill us?
692: Why do we have an appendix if we don't even need it and then since we dont need it, we don't pay much attention to it but then it could kill us? Please explain.
693: How do mimic octopuses learn how to mimic other sea creatures?
694: Where can I find a scientist/mentor to help me with my science fair project of collecting bacteria with a Millipore filter from the shore and from the Santa Barbara drinking water system and comparing them to see which contains more bacteria and how harmful the bacteria is. Also where can I find a millipore filter. thank you
695: My class has been assigned to complete a science project on any topic. I am very interested in chemistry and the periodic table. I was thinking about doing a project on the reactivity of metals and non-metals, but I am open to any suggestions. I also need a mentor to consult ideas with, so if someone can email me, or preferably call me today, Sunday October 3rd, that would be great. I need a project idea by tomorrow. I am sorry about the late notice. Thank you. My number is 687-7965
696: I want to do an experiment on the affect of thickness and substance of a bottle on the water it contains under 3 conditions (heating, cooling, room temp). I thought I could use the thin see through plastic water bottles, the non see through plastic water bottles, Nalgene water bottles and Polycarbonated bottles & somehow test the water inside to see which bottle makes the water most contaminated. Does anyone know the specifics of how & what I could test in the water?
697: I am in need of a mentor for my science project, and i am going to be baking bread. My question is What is the chemical reaction of yeast in bread? I am starting now and ending in january. is there some one who can help. thanks
698: Hello, I need to find a mentor for my science project. I am doing my project on how the amount of molecules in a compound affect the combustion of that compound. If any one can help me that would be great. Please email me or call me at 687 7965. If you email me please leave you name and number so i can call you back. Thank you I really appreciate this. I need a mentor by tomorrow if possible so if I can get a reply by tonight that would be great. You can call until 10:30-11:00. Thanks again. Today is Sunday the 3 of October.
699: I have an important question for my school project: Can I put some plastic bits into the pulp when I recycle paper? Or is there some way of combining paper and plastic together? Thank you very much.
700: I understand that clear blisters are when the serum from the blood collects under the epidermis, but how actually does the serum enter the area? Are blood vessels broken? Does the serum pass through the blood vessel walls? Any response would be helpful to answering this question for my class.
701: I live on St Croix. Why are there no shark attacks here, but a lot in Florida. People say that the sharks are smarter. My aunt in Florida says that it is because there are fewer people in the water. But there are no shark attacks as long as anyone remembers. I think it is because the water is clearer so that we are not mistaken for food. Or maybe it has something to do with the reefs. Please let me know. Thanks, Ryan.
702: I am doing a science project and am in dire need of a mentor. I was recommended to contact you for help by Mr. Olin Bausback, my teacher. My science project question is: Does the gas inside a light bulb affect the brightness of the bulb? If I wasn't able to aquire a light meter I would change the question from brightness to heat, but I am planning on brightness. If you could find a mentor for me it would extremely appreciated. Thank You very much for your time.
703: My name is Danielle Salt and I am currently trying to find a science project for my Chemistry class at San Marcos High School. I was given your email address and I was wondering if you could help me out. I am trying to find a project that has to do with hydroponics, and anyone in the field of botany would be helpful. I am in 10th grade. My email is gogirl112233@cox.net and my home phone number is 569-7653. If you could help me out that would be great. Thanks! -Danielle Salt
704: Forest have been called America's renewable resource. Under what circumstances might woods,trees or forests be a nonrenewable resource? What are the processes for preserving forests as a renewable resource?
705: Do flies remember experiences gained as larvae?
706: Why does the colour of flower petals change in pH?
707: Is it true that plastic wrap lets air through while aluminum foil does not?
708: Why does aluminum foil not get hot when it is in a hot oven?
709: Do rainbows also have ultraviolet bands and infra red bands and we just dont see them?
710: In regards to the Bohr model, how does the change in pH affect the color of flower petals, I read the article on a website but do not really understand it. Why does the color red use less energy than blue?
711: How do seeds form?
712: Why is it that when you are under water breathing out of an oxygen tank or scuba gear, and you breath the oxygen, the carbon dioxide comes out and goes into a bubble and floats to the top?
713: Will scientists ever be able to clone human organs by growing them inside other mammals (like pigs)? If so, wouldn't the animal's antibodies attack the human organ? Thank you for your time.
714: Why do people or scientists look into cloning so much? What is so interesting about cloning? I think cloning is one of the worst things people can do in science.
715: Why is cloning a public issue?
716: Hi! my name is Maria Prado. I am from Mckenzie Jr High School. We were doing some stretching exercises in the morning at school. I want to know how come when we first wake up we do not have strengh in our bodies? I cant squeeze my fist closed very well! Thanks for your help
717: When do you think the world will end?
718: Can humans be cloned? If not what is needed for human cloning?
719: How long (time, etc.) does it take to clone a human?
720: Would you please help me to understand how I could determine the atomic weight of a sample of an unknown pure element? I don't understand the procedure or the equations involved in the process? THank you!
721: I'm trying to understand how I could determine the molecular weight of a liquid from its vapor density? I missed this lecture in class and the book doesn't seem to be helping much, can you please help?
722: What do you think about cloning? Would you like to get clone?
723: Have scientists cloned a human before?
724: What if two people call a color the same name but their eyes see different colors? Is it proven that that's not possible?
725: Suppose one person was in an elevator that was traveling diagonally at a constant speed. How much force would be exerted on the passenger, and what would his weight be? How would this differ from the same passenger, traveling at the same speed on a vertical elevator?
726: Dear scientists, Our names are Carlos, Cole and Anjel. We are from Guadalupe, CA. We've been workingon solar ovens, and have got ours up to 165 F injust a few minutes (melted chocolate for smores). Now my partners and I want to know how solar batteries work. Thanks from Carlos, Cole, and Anjel.
727: Hi, I am Juan and my friends are Luis and Hugo I am from Guadalupe j.r. high. We would just like to ask you the sun could bake food in the solar oven? We know it works because we tried it. What we dont understand is why the heat stays in one part of the oven. We use foil, and put it on a 3 side box that we could fold up. thank you for all your your work and maybe i will tell you another question thank you.
728: We did the lab for Halloween where you add 18M sulfuric acid to sugar(sucrose) and get carbon left in the test tube. My question is does the acid act as a catalyst for the breakup or do the H+ ions hydrate the -OH groups on the sucrose? I know the waste product still has to be neutralized which is why I think it is acting as a catalyst.
729: Do people with different eye colors see different colors?
730: If you have tubes in your ear, where do the doctors put it? Between the eardrum and the anvil or something?
731: If the magnetic field of the earth flips from time to time do we know when it will happen again? Do we know when it happened last time and how do we know that it happens? Also, we learned that many animals depend on the magnetic field of the earth to navigate. What will happen to them when the field changes? Will they one day just wake up and fly in the wrong direction?
732: Are the tectonic plates flat or curved to fit the surface of the earth?
733: What is a dream? Is it true that if you can't imagine a red car in your mind when your awake, that you see your dreams in black and white?
734: Why do plants need oxygen?
735: What is DNA made of?
736: What are some comparisons of weight and mass on the moon?
737: I am researching the Riparian Brush Rabbit. What phylum and class are riparian brush rabbits in? Also, what is a historic population of riparian brush rabbits before 1990?
738: I am researching the Point Arena Mountain Beaver. (Aplodontia rufa nigra) I know that there are fewer than 500 because of poisoning from weed killers, habitat loss, killing by household pets, timber harvest,agricultural harvest, and alien plants taking over native plants. Many animals have similar problems to this, but they are not as endangered. How come there are so few of them?
739: Hi. My name is Parisa. I am a seventh grader at Santa Barbara Junior High. I am doing a research report on the blunt-nosed Leopard lizard (Gambelia Silus). A part of what we have to do is to e-mail an organization. So, I have a couple questions for you. My first question is how long have blunt-nosed leopard lizards been around? My second question is what kind of environment does the lizard live in? Thank You, Parisa P.S.
740: Hello, I was wondering, do Fresno Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys nitratiodes exilis) have a subspecies? Everywhere I looked they said not certain or unknown. Thanks again!
741: Hi, my name is Sophie Gantz and I am doing a report on the bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in my 7th grade science class taught by Ms. Kluss. What I was wondering is how come instead of living in separate packs, how come the male bighorns and female bighorns do not live together? Thanks for your time.
742: Hi. My name is Chase Melton. I am a seventh grader at Santa Barbara Junior High School. I am doing a research report on the Desert Slender Salamander (Batrachoseps aridus). I would like to ask you some questions. How long have Desert Slender Salamanders been living for? How much they weigh? Thanks for your time.
743: Hi! My name is Kimi Van Wickle. At Santa Barbara Junior High School I am studying the San Joaquin Kit Foxes(Vulpes macrotis mutica). I have a a few questions that I would like to ask. How long does the average San Joaquin Kit Fox live without human interference? How long does the average San Joaquin Kit Fox live with human interference?
744: What was the range of the Santa Cruz long toed salamander when it was first discovered? Please reply before Thursday.
745: What is the current and historic range of the California Red-Legged Frog?
746: Why is it best to whip cream in a metal container? Does the porosity of the surface have anything to do with it?
747: How do you make a newton meter at home?
748: I work in a grocery store and they just installed barcode scanners. The problem is that the scanner is fronting us, the cashiers, directly at the level of our reproductive organs. Is there a risk or danger to be "scanned" all day around such a sensitive area? Thank you.
749: What are the historic and current populations of the Mission Blue Butterfly?
750: I was trying to think of the mechanism of bleach at work in the laundry. I know the hypochlorite ion is hard at work but I am not sure how.
751: I want to know if blood cells mix during sex?
752: 1.Do women inherit the genes for diseases like breast cancer only from the genes of their mother or also from their father's genes?

2. Are the genes on the Y chromosome the only ones that determine that you will become a boy?

3. Are the two X chromosomes in females different? Does only one determine that you will become a girl? And is the one X chromosome that males have the same as the one females have?

Thank you

753: Why do leopards have spots?
754: What causes ADD ?
755: How hot is the sun?
756: Can blind people who have never seen before dream color?
757: Is there a way to re-thicken our ozone layer?
758: How much will the sea level rise if we don't stop global warming?
759: I wonder where all the sand on the beach comes from?
760: Do animals see one color?
761: For my 8th grade science fair project I am going to run mice through mazes. To make it a little more interesting I am going to put a pulsing sound at the end to see if the mice can find it any faster than without a sound. So I was wondering if you had any research on the way mice hear?
762: 1. Microwaves have a longer wavelength than visible light, so doesn't that mean it has a lower energy than visible light does? if that's the case my students ask me why we can't pop a bag of popcorn in a kitchen appliance that bombards things with waves of visible light.
2. There is a name for every phase change and a different name for each phase change in the opposite direction (i.e., vaporization and its opposite, condensation) - What do you call it when something changes from gas to plasma? Is there a name at all? Is there a name for the reverse process too?

763: We are studying solubility in chem class. Why are all the salts from alkaline metals soluble? Is there a salt that is insoluble as NO3 (nitrate?)
764: Do plants have to have oxygen to survive? Or can plants (other than the plants in wetlands) live without oxygen?
765: At my school we are learning about the cell and the cell parts. My question is, after the Golgi complex takes out the bacteria and the bad things from the cell, where does it go next? Is there still more systems in our body that desteroy's bad things that comes out from the cell? Thank you.
766: I wonder if there are any interesting, real- life, small-scale applications that any of you might know of, in which gas is used as an insulator (other than the planet earth itself).
767: If only 1% of a 100W light bulb's energy is emitted in the form of visible light, whats the other 99%? Some of it is heat, I assume - but to say all of the 99% is heat seems excessive... does the tungsten (or whatever element is used as filament these days) emit some other form of electromagnetic energy as well?
768: I am doing a science fair project on black holes; would you have any suggestions on an experiment that I could do?
769: What are the materials that are in different types a fabrics? How are fabrics different?
770: My science classes need more hands-on activities involving biochemistry. Although the are only 8th graders, the California State Standards are tested quite rigorously. Can you suggest any lab work that might address the following state standards: Standard #6 a)Carbon, because of its ability to combine in many ways with itself and other elements, has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms. b) Living organisms are made of molecules largely consisting of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, and sulfur. c) Living organisms have many different kinds of molecules including small ones such as water and salt, and very large ones such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and DNA. The labwork we do always gets into the chemical structure of the molecules and how they interact on a very basic level. Thank-You for any help you may offer.
771: To whom it may concern: I am entering the Science fair this year, and i want to submit a marijuana-based project. I was wondering if you could help me. I am trying to do a science project on marijuana. I have worked so hard to get this project approved. It took three tries to finally get the ok, so i can just do research. I have talked to many different sources on how to get marijuana to study and do my experiment on. Doctors say that no respected physician would just give marijuana to a sixteen year old girl. They don't want to liable they say. I am not willing to get marijuana illegaly, because I knew from the start that it was not a risk I was going to take. I was told that if I would even have a chance to do this I needed to contact a professor who works with it. I was wondering if UCSB or any other university in California had anyone that could help me out? Thank you Sincerely, Vivian Voodoochile118@yahoo.com
772: Some stars create black holes. If and when the sun dies like all stars, will it create a black hole as well? And will it suck the solar system into it?
773: What is the cause of the sonic boom?
774: How does Earth keep its orbit around the Sun and not come closer to the Sun?
775: At what rate does gravity pull objects down to Earth?
776: I was wondering if radio waves can travel through a black hole. I know it sucks in light, but does it suck in everything.
777: Tides are acted upon by the gravitational pull from the sun and moon. Since our body is 70% water, could a full moon effect the body in different ways like motion sickness.
778: Can you explain and tell me what the theory is called when a ball apears to be rolling up hill
779: When a star explodes or dies, it is called a super nova. When this happens it is said to come together really tight and explode creating a black hole. Can the same thing have happened with the big bang? Is it possible for there to be really really big stars or clusters that could or caused it?
780: Why is the interior of the Earth hot?
781: What instrument is used to measure inches of rain? How can I do it at home?
782: Does time really exist? For instance if we suppose there is nothing in this world (pure nothingness). If event as such can occur, we don't have any parameter to consider something as time. What I understand and confuses me is that time is also dependent on existence. Also Einstein said that time is relative, in that case, anything that is relative like time exists or it is just an illusion for a relative time?
783: How many spots do leopards have?
784: Hello, I've read it takes 1/7 of a second for light to travel around the world. I would like to know how the scientists came to this conclusion.
785: How does gravity hold a person down?
786: What is the difference between a hurricane and a tsunami? Which one is more severe?
787: What elements make up ketchup?
788: When you heat a marshmallow why does it expand?
789: How does wind erosion affect the plant and animal life in the Ventura/Santa Barbara area?
790: I would like to know what is the force of a plane hitting another plane in the air?
791: Does the pH of water affect the dissolved oxygen at room temperature (20 d. celsius). Also, does the pH affect the dissolved oxygen at 10 d. celsius and 40 d. celsius. In other words, I know that the temperature affects the amount of dissolved oxygen but what about the pH affecting and dissolved oxygen. Thank you, Jeanette
792: If sun spots are the result of cooler areas of the photosphere (?) why do they result in a higher average temperature on Earth? That is, why do sunspots increase the Earth's insulation? Seems paradoxical.
793: I would like to know if air resistance will decrease as an object's speed decreases and is less for a smaller surface.
794: Do plants put oxygen into the air? Does Chlorophyll give plants their green color?
795: How did scientists come up with the acceleration do to gravity is 9.8 m/s2?
796: What exactly is a blackhole and how does it affect the earth?
797: Is evolution real?
798: Why does the moon have holes in it?
799: Hi, following recent publicity of the Huygens Titan probe success, I have read reports of large deposits of organic (carbon-containing) compounds such as methane, ethane and acetylene. Surely these compounds are present only if life is abundant? I was under the impression that hydro-carbons were a direct result of organic life, i.e. Oil and Coal etc: My Question is how are these compounds formed if life is not present.
800: Hi, just a hypothetical question. If a Rocket was to take off from the earth and reach the speed of light instantaneously (I know it can't in reality), and it had a camera facing back towards the earth. Would there be any motion shown on the receiver, or would it appear the Rocket was standing still? Regards,
801: What is the difference between a reversible and a non-reversible change?
802: How do some chemical changes produce a gas
803: How many forests get destroyed over the years?
804: How do plants get oxygen from the air ?
805: For my science project I tested bacteria from my kitchen counter before and after the application of NaOH. The bacteria grew in an incubator at Cottage Hospital but the person helping me is out of town. I have photos of the resuts and I would like to know how to identify the bacteria or if there is someone who could help me identify the bacteria. Thank you
806: I wonder if someone can live up yo 200 years old
807: How long would it take for us to know if the sun's light had been extinguished?
808: How does radioactivity work?
809: How does the sun heat the earth?
810: Is there a gas that will give off substantial amounts of UV radiation at varying temperatures?
811: A student informed me that her driver's ed instructor told his class that they should drive slowly in a cross wind because doing so increases the mass of the car. Well, that's patently untrue, but what would be the reason? Friction isn't affected by speed...or is it? Does one need to invoke centripetal force?
812: To hatch an egg, why does it have to be warm? Why cant it be room temperature?
813: What do you think is beyond our solar system and how do you know that it exists? Also, where do think the universe ends? Do you think we will ever have enough technology to figure that out? Thank you.
814: Can heat be created or destroyed or only transferred and why?
815: How do bugs live with a little heart?
816: If you were to play every sound frequency audible to the human ear, all at the same time, what would it sound like? What note/chord would a person hear?
817: What is a photo pigment?
818: How does the fact that there is one photo pigment in your rods, affect your scotopic response?
819: How does an animal cell survive?
820: Purple cabbage is often used as an acid/base indicator in high school experiments. I am guessing there is a metal centered compound that gives it the purple color and then changes state to give the different colors. Am I right? What metal? thanks
821: How do trees survive without oxygen?
822: What are some ways animals use colours?
823: Which freezes faster hot or cold water?
824: Why do maple leaves turn red during autumn?
825: Why doesn't a rocket ship blow up when traveling through the thermosphere?
826: If the buildings were knocked down where once a vernal pool was, would they be able to restore it?
827: I am doing an experiment for my science class. I was wondering if the color of the water would affect the growth of a plant? If you water a plant with colored water, will the plant turn the color of the dye? Thank you!!!!
828: Iwas surprised to see one student culturing sponge cells to obtain spicules in iquest programme, may I know how to grow sponge obtained from the sea in lab conditions?
829: How can light, sugar level, and the ph value affect anthocyanin in plants?
830: The other day I was at East Beach in Santa Barbara, and there were piles of foam sitting on the beach. It looked like soap suds in big piles, and they were blowing around the beach. I was wondering what causes foam like that and to sit on the beach and if there was some bacteria or something that was in it? Thanks for your time!
831: How much carbon dioxide do plants give off?
832: Are Serratia marcescens chemoautotrophic or photoautotrophic?
833: When the earth is rotating, how does it keep warm?
834: Do clouds move by themsleves or do people on earth see clouds moving because the earth is spinning?
835: We learned that yeast produces ethanol as a waste product during fermentation, and that it is this "waste" that is in alcoholic beverages. So is "non-alcoholic" beer made without yeast at all, or is the ethanol somehow removed?
836: I am doing a Science Fair experiment on the effects of electromagnetic fields on diatoms. What kind of diatoms should I use, and where may I order them?
837: What type of plants have the highest oxygen production to size ratio?
838: How do scientists know that dinosaurs were not bright colors?
839: When I empty the dishwasher the plastic cups always have lots of water drops on them. The glass cups are dry. Why don't the plastic cups dry like the glass ones so I do not have to use a towel?
840: WE are doing a science project on rock crystal formation. We are making rock candy. My daughter is in first grade and I want her to be able to discuss the crystal formations. Can you give me an idea, at her age level, what discussions should take place regarding crystal formations?
841: What affects the barometric air pressure? Does the time of day or the temperature have an affect on the air pressure?
842: What does Ecology mean and what is the difference between Population and Community?
843: What is the half life of an isotope of an element? How are isotopes different than regular atoms?
844: Why does warm soda have more carbonation?
845: Is there a mathematical relationship between light intensity and rate of photosynthesis, or between water availability and rate of photosynthesis? We would like to create a computer program to simulate these relationships. Where can we find experimental data about these relationships?
846: How does cloning work? And why would someone want to be cloned if they themselves wouldn't be looking through the eyes of the clone?
847: Can microwave wavelengths be harmful to people?
848: Can all the continents go back to Pangaea?
849: Hi! I just had a quick question on the topic of optics. I did an experiment where I shone a flashlight's beam through several sized holes at an object. I noticed that the larger the light source, the smaller the object's umbra was and the larger the penumbra was. Why was that? And for a smaller source of light, the object's umbra was larger and the penumbra was smaller. Why was that? Thanks!
850: What is involved in the process of desalination?
What are the pros and cons of desalination?

851: Is life possible on Venus?
What is needed for life to exist at Venus?
What is needed for human life to breath?
What does the atmosphere need to be like?

852: What minerals are in sand??
853: Are oil rigs good for our community or not? And if it is how?
854: Where do coral reefs form? Do coral reefs form at a quick or fast rate? Do coral reefs form as an everday thing or at a special time?
855: How do heat, time, and pressure contribute to mineral formation?
856: What makes candy bad for you?
857: How did the planets form?
858: Hypothetically - the sun vanishes. With the sun's gravitational force now gone, HOW LONG would it take before we are free of our elliptical path around the sun? Would it be instantaneous? Or like light, which I think takes about 8 minutes to get to us from a distance of 1 AU, would there be a small span of time during which we are still chained to our elliptical orbit by "latent gravity" from a sun that is no longer there before we fly off into the cosmos?
859: Do you think in 50 years will people be living on the moon?
860: I am interested in studying marine biology in college. Is it important to find a school with a strong marine bio department for my undergrad studies, or is marine bio really a graduate study (so I wouldn't really be taking any marine bio classes the first four years anyway)? Thanks a lot!
861: I was wondering what the diffrence was between speed and velocity, what would be a example of each? Thanks.
862: My science class has conducted an Electrode and Electrolyte lab. The lab is to observe trends in voltage using electrodes and varying concentrations of electrolytes. First attach a black or red wire to either a tin, copper, or steel electrodes. Then you have to put two of them in two separate holes in a board and then dip them in hydrochloric acid or a sulfuric acid which are the electrolytes.
When we had finished collecting the data my teacher had a hypothesis that the more concentrated chemicals would have a higher voltage. We both wanted to know the reason on why the chemicals with more concentration had a less voltage?

863: What are greenhouse gases? How do greenhouse gases affect the earth?
864: Would it be possible to get energy from ocean waves?
Has anyone ever tried to do this?
If so, where can I find other information about it?

865: What's the best and fastest growing plant to do a short term project on?
866: I am doing a report on Color Blindness and have to find someone who is doing research on the disease. If somebody could answer a few questions that would be great. 1.What research are you currently doing for the disease?
2.Has the reasearch been helpful in finding a possible cure or gaining a better understanding of the disease?
3. How is the research being funded?
4. Are there any future prospects for finding a cure for Color Blindness?
Thank you very much for your time.

867: I'm doing a keynote presentation on narcolepsy and I was wondering if you could briefly answer the following questions.
What does your current research on narcolepsy entail?
How is this research helping to find a cure or better understanding of the disease?
How is any research on narcolepsy being funded? And lastly, what are the future prospects for finding a cure?

868: What are the four tides we have each day?
869: Hello, I would like to know if anyone in UCSB has conducted any long term experiments on achondroplasia.
I would like to know what causes the disease, how it is inherited, if there is a certain group of people this disease affects, is there a cure or is there research to find a cure, how this research is being funded, and what are the future prospects for finding a cure?

870: Can you give me some info on mass land movement?
871: How do we use wind energy?
872: Which species of plant that mainly produces chlorophyll (green) would be good to experiment on? It has to be fast growing and have the ability to survive experimental conditions.
873: I am in the process of working on my science fair project about water pressure and density. I have five questions that I could not find in any books from the public library and on the internet.
Question 1. What is the pressure at the greatest depth of the Santa Barbara Chanel.
Question 2. How does temperature make the density of ocean water change.
Question 3. What is the greatest density salt water can be ( I was wondering because I know that waters greatest density is 1 at 4 degrees).
Question 4. Does a large amount of rain water change the density in a small body of water (such as a pond).
Question 5. What keeps Anti Freeze Coolant from freezing, what substance and how that substance works to keep it from freezing?

874: How come when you turn an egg sideways, you can't squeeze it? If it is right sid up it will break, but if you turn it sideways it won't.
875: How do the different flavors (sour, bitter, salty, and sweet) interact with your tongue?
Why are some people more sensitive to taste then others?
How does your olfactory system interact with taste?
Does body temperature affect the gustatory cells and what we taste?
Does food temperature affect the taste of things?
Could the gustatory cells be damaged from intense heat and cold?
There are also taste buds on the roof of our mouth; are there definite areas of tastes on there?

876: What is your current research on Hemophilia? How is this research helping with finding a cure or a better understanding of the disease? How is this research being funded? What are the future prospects for finding a cure? Do you know any one with Hemophilia and if you can give me their e-mail or a way to contact them?
877: I know that transgenic e.coli has been used to produce human insulin - but, is this done in vitro and then the bacteria are separated from the product which will later be injected by the diabetic? Or are the transgenic e.coli somehow transplanted back into a diabetic and then do their insulin production inside of the body for immediate use?
878: I was wondering is a large amount of rainfall affects the density of a small body of water? For example if it rains a lot in a pond will the density change or stay the same?
879: If the ocean is 75 F it feels like you are in a warm bathtub but if you are in a swimming pool and it is the same temperature it is so cold it is hard to train in. I have tried as a swimmer in college and high school. My guess is that it has something to do with the difference in density between the two, but I still can't rationalize the difference very well.
880: What happens to the leaves,stems, and roots in cold and warm conditions?
881: I have a few questions regarding the plants and animals on the Channel Islands.

After learning from Dr. Atwater about the geological origin of the islands and their trip up from the San Diego area by way of plate movement I became curious about the Torrey Pine being in both the San Diego area and on Santa Rosa Island.

Does this mean the pines traveled up on the island?
Could this also mean other plants made their way up in the same way?
Are there certain plants that did not exist at that time indicating a trip across the channel the only logical explanation?
Might animals have traveled up on the island the same way or is millions of years too long ago for contemporary animal species?
What animals other than the Pygmy mammoth were once out there but are now no longer around?
We are studying about plant and animal dispersal and the effects of island isolation on these plants and animals and these and other questions arise. We are aware that certain conditions must be present for a plant or animal to establish itself on the island but we would like to know if there is any evidence of species being there but not making it to present day, either due to climatic changes, predation, influence of man, or some other reason.
Any information or direction towards sources would be greatly appreciated.

882: Does electronic mail use any electromagnetic waves eg. radio waves for tranmission of information, e.g. emailing overseas?
883: What is the oldest bug?
884: What is a simple mixture that can demonstrate the fermentation process like that in wine?
885: How do small animals protect their young?
886: How many species are on the Earth?
887: What is the support system of a spider?
888: How does tempature affect air pressure?
889: Are there clouds on other planets? If so, wouldn't there have to be water to form the coulds?
890: Hi! Do birds excrete urine? I really don't know if they do and me and my friend were pondering this the other day!! Thanks so much, have a great day!! :)
891: What are the two main contributing factors to global warming? Do factories contribute to global warming? And if so, what is one example?
892: Hi, I have a question about sound energy, I could not find the answers in text book or online.
What energy transformations involve sound energy?
How is sound energy used?
What is the history of how sound energy has been used or developed?
How does the use of sound energy impact our world?

893: Could you please tell me why the p is little and the H is capitalized? Our Science book doesn't explain it. Thanks, Lia Simnacher
894: In which part of a pencil would you find metallic bond?
895: What is the average size of the California Garibaldi fish?
896: On average, how long does it take a drop of rain to get from a cloud to the Earth?
897: Hello, I was curious why there are no hurricanes here on the west coast of the United States.
898: How does the fizz apear in my glass? Why does it rise to the top?
899: How long does it take for water to be evaporated then to be put back on Earth as precipitation?
900: What does the Opaleye fish look like and where can I find some information on it?
901: What is the average length of the Oxyjulis Californica (Senorita)? What is the color of the Oxyjulis Californica, and what region is it found in the surrounding waters?
902: When our galaxy merges with the 2 Magellanic Clouds, for how long will it take for the starburst to die down? Would space travel still be possible if we don't mind shielding ourselves better from radiation?
903: I am doing a report on the California rosy rockfish. Would you happen to know it's Latin name, it's behavior, and some interesting facts? Thank you!
904: What is the likelihood of a new volcano forming a new island in, or around, the Hawaiian Islands?
905: When the atoms of the same molecule are undergoing inter molecular force of attraction, there will be a polarity between the atoms of the same molecule and, will the polarity change if the atom of one molecule is bonded with the corresponding atom of the other molecule? and if so, how could the chemical combination take place if the atoms have abnormal polarities?
906: For my high school science project I am doing an experiment involving cloning vegetable plants. I was wondering how to get a clone induction medium or a callus initiation medium? How would I purchase these? Also, Do you have any good ideas for this type of project? Thank you.
907: I am doing a report on the California Sheepshead. I want to find out size and weight of adults and juveniles. I was also wondering if you could give me some detailed information on their habitat. Thank you
908: Why did the legislature place a moratorium on Garibaldi commercial collection until 2002?
909: Why are kelp considered protists?
910: We have been learning about genetically modified plants, such as a strawberry that has an *antifreeze* gene from a flounder inserted to resist frost. Now, if this strawberry (with an *extra* allele inserted) is crossed with a normal strawberry plant, what phenotype will be expressed, since there will not be two pairs of alleles for that particular chromosome? We thought it could be like a fragile X thing (just one copy), but we're not sure.
911: What is a space explosion?
912: We know that there is air pressure on top of us all the time. But is the same amount of pressure on us inside a building as outside?
913: Can minor galactic merger where a sattelite is a few percent the mass of the disk galaxy produce ultrahigh energy cosmic rays if galaxy collisions can produce them?
914: Has any form of life been discovered on a planet? There are billions and billions of stars and galaxy's and planets, and we still have not discovered life, why not? If we did how would we even communicate if they are beings?
915: What would happen if our Earth's crust did not have any hydrogen in it?
916: What does math have to do with an Air Quality Engineer?
917: Is cosmic radiation also radioactive? Does the color of the space suit matter? Why is it always white?
918: How do you make a newton meter out of house hold items?
919: What does semicossyphus pulcher mean? What is the trophic level of a sheephead? What does it eat? What is the job in its community?
920: What does caffeine do to cause the reaction time to increase?
921: Why does my eye color change hourly? P.S. I am not joking.
922: Are there particles that are so small that they are not affected by gravity?
923: Is there any animal that during its evolution it was first able to swim, then it evolved to a walking animal, and finally was able to fly?
924: What will happen if the greenhouse effect of Earth's atmosphere keeps on increasing?
925: What effect would it have on the Solar system if the Sun was extinguished?
926: If a magnet is moved in and out of a copper coil, a current is generated in the coil. This is due to Faraday's Law. The faster the rate of change of magnetic field the higher the current.
If I replace the copper coil with a superconductor Type-2 coil, would the current be HIGHER if the rate of change of magnetic field was faster?
Does the rate of changing magnetic field changes the current, or the current remains the same in a superconductor-Type 2?

927: How do ocean currents contribute to the change in climate?
928: How come when I look directly at my "glow in the dark" stars on my ceiling in my bedroom, I can not see them, but when I look to the side of them I can?
929: We would like to know if oxygen is lighter or heavier than air.
We want to know how both nitrogen and oxygen seems to be the same weight as air.
When air is called thinner at altitude and there is less oxygen, is there also les nitrogen, and what causes the thinning?

930: Why is it that the Europeans evolved at a higher rate than any people on the planet? How did this happen? Are Europeans genetically superior or did their different environments contribute or hamper their technological progress?
931: I am doing a science project for my AP chemistry class right now. We want to electroplate a penny with silver chloride. The problem is that in order to do so we would have to melt it but the melting temperature is too high.
I was wondering if adding sulfuric acid free up the Ag+ ions so that they could plate the penny?
If this does not work, are there any other ways in which we can electroplate a penny with silver?

932: How was it decided that elements like Gold are worth so much money and that elements like Aluminum are practically worthless?
933: Why are some of the periodic table elements reactive?
934: What exactly is energy? I know it gives an object the ability to do work, but what exactly is it? What does it consist of?
935: Why do some people have allergies and some people don't?
936: What role does the ocean play in precipitation?
937: I designed an experiment investigating the effects of temperature on viscosity of honey. My experiment doesnt seem to work and I need help to modify it. My method is:
Method: 1) Put 5 ml of honey into 4 separate beakers.
2) Make sure the temperature of honey in all four beakers is different by using hot water bath to get it to a higher temperature and ice bath to lower the temperature.
3) Label each beaker 1, 2, 3 and 4 and measure the temperature of honey in all the beakers.
4) Dip a paper clip in the beaker for five seconds and place it on separate evaporating basin.
5) Use a magnet to pull the paper clip right above the evaporating basin.
6) Using a stop watch, record how long it takes the paper clip to drop onto the evaporating basin.
7) Do the same with beaker 2, 3 and 4.
8) Repeat steps 4, 5 and 6 three times to get an average.
I think methods numbers 5 and 6 have problems. The paper clip does get attached to the magnet but it doesnt drop back.
1.- Will you please suggest something?
2.- I was wondering if I should use a magnet of low magnetic strength or if I should use a heavier metal?
3.- Can you please help me and reply as soon as possible?

938: What would happen if we slowly let out air in space?
939: How is it that a magnetic material attaches to a metal?
940: I have some questions about hearts:

1. I am confused about the hearts of insects. Are they just a smaller version of our hearts? Is their heart also mainly a pump?

2. I heard that there are artificial hearts. Are these more or less pumps that pump the blood through our body? How can they regulate the blood flow?

3. Also, what kinds of batteries are used - I am assuming that the pump needs energy somehow.

4. If the artificial heart is made of metal and plastic parts will it then be less susceptible to be rejected from the body in contrast to an organ transplant?

941: Why don't any of the transition metals on the periodic table have charges?
942: How can you see your bone in an x- ray? How does it show up?
943: How does the universe keep getting bigger?
944: I have been reading a lot of books on how the universe started and if it is expanding or not. I would like to know if scientists know if the universe will keep on expanding forever or not. I would also like to know how scientists know if the universe will keep on expanding forever or not (if they do know). Thanks a lot.
945: There are new stars or planets being explored in our galaxy. We have discovered new galaxies, planets and solar systems. Why have we not discovered any form of life other than our own existence?
946: We recently saw an exhibit at the Singapore Science Centre where there were two tracks (one curved, one straight). When you let a marble go on each (same size), the marble on the curved track reached the end first. Is this due to acceleration (because the curved track is longer?). Please tell me the relevant laws of motion that this relates to. Many thanks :-)
947: What is in mercury element, which makes it so dangerous to be exposed to?
948: How do you see the colors of the rainbow?
949: Do you have full professors teaching freshman classes?
950: Einstein theory of slowing time states that when you aproach the speed of light time starts to slow down. I was wondering what the speed of light is relative to? Our universe could be moving. Our galaxy could be moving. And the crest of the earth rotates at close to 800 miles per hour. Does Einstein mean the light that is around you?
951: I am doing my project at the moment, do you mind helping me to show the similarities/differences of a particular part of the tree, please? Thank you very much for your help.
952: Can you tell me if it is real that mice can scare an elephant? This is the case in the books that a read and the videos that I watch. I want to know if this is just fantasy or it is real from the Biology point of view.
953: How do computers work?
954: What is the difference between vacuoles and tonoplasts?
955: How has our knowledge of DNA contributed to how we treat (medically) bacterial and viral diseases?
956: What are the kinds of proteins?
957: What are the various parts of the Himalayas called?
958: What are some advances of the flowering plants that contribute to the successful growth to great heights?
959: At what percent oxygen does air become spontaneously combustible (25%? 30 %?) Or does it ever without an ignition source?
960: How do you guys look at the sun directly? What do you use for?
961: Can someone be as small as 1 inch?
962: Is their a new planet in the galaxy?
963: One of my students and his father asked: Would a bomb explode in space? Since space is a vacuum, I was not sure what would happen.
964: Is there air in space?
965: What are the poles and equator of the earth?
What are the climate condition on the poles and equator?
Where are they?

966: Why do Shrimps turn red when the are cooked?
967: Things move slower in the time dimension as they move faster in space dimensions. So, does light move in time at all since it is moving at the speed of light?
968: I'm working on putting together a science fair project and then asking someone in your chemistry department to be my mentor. I would like to though, before I do that, know a little bit about the oxidation of things, especially in fireworks, and I'd like to see if you would have any suggestions on how an experiment testing the stability and oxidation rates of oxidizers used in fireworks could be done.
969: I am currently enrolled to the AP biology course at Santa Ynez High school; I was very disappointed after we performed a lab in an attempt to form coacervates. We mixed Gelatin (1%), Arabic gum (1%), HCL (1%), Methylene blue (.1%). After mixing all of these together we saw nothing except air bubbles. I was curious as to what might have gone wrong. If you could send me an email with an explanation of what could be done differently to succeed in forming coacervates that would be greatly appreciated.
970: Are vitamins in tablets more efficient than the vitamins in their natural source, like in fruit? I am trying to figure out a way to be able to test this.
971: About how many kilometers is the distance around the earth at the equator?
972: Why does it mean that you are healthy if your poop floats?
973: Why does the leaf set on fire when you hold a magnifying glass to it?
974: Why do dogs bark?
975: Why does electricity run through water so easily? For example, if you drop a hairdryer that is on in the bath and you are in the bath, you will get electrocuted.
976: Why does lightening hit water more than other things?
977: Are there any fairly large non-plant organisms that reproduce asexually (fairly large meaning at least 2" by 1")?
978: Why do spiders spin their silk. Why don't they just make holes in the ground and set trap to catch their food. It would be much easier than taking all day to spin a web.
979: I am doing a science fair project on how does soil affect the filtration of acid rain and I need a mentor. I was wondering if I could have the names and e-mail addresses or phone numbers of people who would be willing to mentor me on my project.
980: How does moss grows on rocks?
981: How does acid rain affect sea life? As a science project, I am thinking to use a group of gold fish and test on them. Could you tell me how I could get this acid, and how to test and measure this on the goldfish? Also, how does global warming, temperature, effect sea life...goldfish? Thank you very much.
982: I heard that the continents are constantly forming back to Pangea at the same rate as your fingernail. Is this true? How long will it take for the continents to form Pangea again?
983: Is the tip of the flame hotter or colder than the base or origin of the flame? So basically, which one is hotter on a gas stove?
984: What do you call a scientist that studies monkeys?
985: What elements are in diamonds, gold, and rust? What is the scientific name for rust?
986: How do fluids affect meteorology?
987: My class was doing a "Properties of Water" lab yesterday and one of activities we did was to place salt in oil to see what it would (or would not) do. Well, I left the oil and salt in the test tube overnight, and today when I came in there appeared to be a layer of water in between the oil and the salt. Very perplexing. My class and I hypothesized over where this water could have come from, and if it even was water. We asked the chemistry teacher (I teach biology) and he didn't know, either. It was just regular corn oil and table salt. Thanks for your help!
988: I recently received laser surgery on my groin. The surgeon said that he would WELD muscle back onto the bone that had become detached, using lasers and make it easier for it to heal. How did this happen?
989: Why do some things reflect your image (like metall or dark window glass) and other things do not (like wood, concrete, paper)?
990: Why do atoms need neutrons? And also I like to know why there are isotopes and why do some atoms have many isotopes and others only one or two? Thanks
991: We did an experiment and we had an ice cube in salt water and in tap water. The ice cube in salt water needed longer to melt than the one in tap water. Why?
992: I would like to know why there are clouds and how they are formed. I would also like to know what is in them.
993: I am afraid of flying. How is it so safe when there are so many working parts. I always believe that the more complicated a machine is, the more likely it is to fail. Can you explain why airplanes don't crash more regularly?
994: How does cancer actually kill a person ?
995: How many electrons, protons, valence electrons, and neutrons are in Oxygen?
996: I will be attending the Discovery Channel Young Scientist Challenge in Washington, DC from October 14-20 as one of 40 students chosen nationally to compete for over $100,000 in prizes. In preparation for a number of science challenges that I will be participating in, one of the skills that I need to possess is to be able to separate polymers of differing densities. Despite researching online, in books, with teachers, I have been unable to find a specific method to be able to do so. Again, my question is regarding separating polymers of differing densities.
997: What causes fog and what types of fog do exist? (I like to know more about fog banks especially - like problems they cause, reasons for formation, how to dissipate it).
998: Hello, my name is Christine and this year in science I am required to do a science project. My parter and I have decided that we want to create Lichenberg figures in plastics and need a lot of help. We need a mentor ASAP and we also need a lab to actually conduct the experiments. If u have any information or if you know of any one we could get in touch with to be our mentor my partner and I would be very grateful. Sincerely, Christine ps. These are the sites that we `have found on Lichtenberg figures...and is about all of the information we have. http://teslamania.delete.org/frames/lichtenbergs. html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtenberg_figure http://www.slac.stanford.edu/history/beamtree.sht ml
999: What liquids explode when mixed together?
1000: Why is it that the there are no tides in the Mediterranean sea ?
1001: Why is it that dogs and cats that are reared with humans cannot learn to understand english like babies can ?
1002: Why are bubbles round?
1003: How does vanadium get into petroleum or why is it found in petroleum?
1004: Will the anti virus drugs (I heard that people buy them in Europe) help against the bird flu virus once it spreads to humans? 2. Would a person have to take this medication until the threat is over, even if this is for month or years? I am wondering because I think that the drug does not give you immunity like a vaccine would. 3. Also, how fast would scientist come up with a vaccine after an outbreak or can they already work on a vaccine with the information they have from the virus that already killed people? Thank you very much.
1005: The bird virus is called H1N5. Does anyone know what the numbers and letters mean? Why does a virus attack only certain species, like this one only birds? Are our cells not very similar in function? Thanks
1006: Are there any organisms that are decomposers, producers and consumers?
1007: How many planets are in our solar system?
1008: Why can't penguins fly?
1009: Why do we need beetles?
1010: Why is it that carbs are good for you, but if you eat too much carbs it gets stored as extra fat?
1011: What was the 1st living thing on Earth and is it still alive today?
1012: Why does fire need oxygen to burn?
1013: Why do fish live in water if they breathe from air?
1014: How come whales can hold their breath longer than most mammals?
1015: What causes the waves in the ocean?
1016: Why do slugs have 4 noses?
1017: Why do viruses attack other cells? They are not alive, so how do they know what they want to do?
1018: Are plants important to animals?
1019: How do plants sense a change in the environment?
1020: How can animals help plants reproduce?
1021: Does every cell in a cotton plant contain the genes to make cotton fiber?
1022: Why do humans have fingers and toes? Are their scientific name phalanges?
1023: Why do we have fingernails?
1024: What are the numbers of atoms for potassium?
1025: What is in Carbon Dioxide that can kill you?
1026: What is silk made from and how ?
1027: It is possible for yeast cells to decompose hydrogen peroxide?
1028: Why should not we produce cotton plants that can make spidroins?
1029: We did a lab where we mixed 18M H2SO4 with sucrose to get charcoal (carbon) and water vapor. My questions, the hydronium ion removes the -OH functional groups but does it also remove the oxygen in the pyran and furan rings and the ether bond? Is it just the first H+ that comes off and does the work or does the second one also contributes? Does it get hot enough to cause SOx gasses to form from the sulfate ion?
1030: I would like to do an experiment on global warming and I am going to take various gases like ch4 and co2 and leave them in the sun and see what gases heat up the most and contribute most to global warming. Can you give me your input, opinion, ideas?
1031: Hello, I'm sure you are aware of the science fair requirements for honors chemistry students at San Marcos and how it is necessary that we have mentors to assist us in conducting experiments. Unfortunately it was necessary for me to change my science fair project and I was wondering if you could put in contact with someone who could help me with my project. The basic idea of the project is to find a hydrocarbon, or multiple hydrocarbons, to be added to gasoline, like a fuel additive, and then determine which gasoline burns cleanest and also determine the speed of the burn. I would greatly appreciate it if you could put in contact with someone who would be able to help me run the experiments and help in some research. Thank you
1032: Why do humans have to cook their food when animals can eat raw meat without any side effects? Thanks
1033: I understand why and how objects reflect, but why does it show perfect images of the surroundings? An example- "the ocean surface shows the clouds above." Why is that?
1034: How do you prevent rust?
1035: What is the ozone layer made of?
1036: Do fish have spongy bone with bone marrow that produces blood cells like humans? I found that sharks produce blood by the spleen and another organ called the Leydig's organ. But I couldn't find anything on how fish produce blood cells.
1037: Does space go on forever? If yes, does that mean that there are billions and billions of galaxies?
1038: Why when you fill up a balloon with helium does the balloon eventually lose the gas?
1039: Why do humans grow hair on their skin? And why is it necessary to grow hair on your skin?
1040: What is the charge of the iron atom in FeO?
1041: What makes ice to melt faster?
1042: What causes the force of gravity?
1043: Do wormholes really exist?
1044: I was wondering who I could contact at UCSB to help with a science project I am doing. I need to find someone who can cut and polish a piece of Acrylic(PMMA) for me.
1045: How does a caudal keel enable some species of fish and sharks to swim fast?
1046: I was wondering, if the lion is the strongest animal in the jungle, who is he afraid of? Do other animals eat him?
1047: Where is the Darwin solar system? Is it in our galaxy? What else can you tell me about that system?
1048: When placed in citric acid, what happens to iron?
1049: Why do dogs whimper instead of crying tears?
1050: Are spider bites common? When my mother finds an itchy bump on my skin, she often claims it is a spider bite. But my father says that spiders don't bite people very often and it must be something else. Thank you
1051: Why does low pressure make marshmallows expand?
1052: Are all bubbles round?
1053: Do we need sun to survive?
1054: I am doing a project on elements and my element is carbon and I need to know what the symbol for carbon is and the atomic number.
1055: How much is known about how lasers effect the growth of plants through different objects?
1056: Can sound break glass? At what frequency can sound break glass?
1057: What happens to moss when there is a tree right on the equator? What side of the tree does it grow on?
1058: Why do guitar strings break when tightened?
1059: Is rusting a physical or chemical change in matter?
1060: Can you tell me the name of the animal which has inch length and pink color; it has antennas, no legs and crawls like a snake? The antennas are half inch long. I would appreciate to have photo and name of it.
1061: Is there really life on Mars?
1062: How does weather affect the way we live?
1063: Were Adam and Eve the very first people on Earth? If they were, were the dinosaurs living or were they extinct?
1064: How was the Universe created?
1065: What are stars made of? Can we rearrange them?
1066: Why is it that during the light reactions of photosynthesis photosystem 2 comes before photosystem 1? Or why are they named photosystem 1 and 2?
1067: Hi Science Line, I had my secondary science student teachers conduct a toxicology investigation following a standard protocol. They investigated the effects of a toxin of their choice (diet Pepsi, nail polish remover, etc.) on the germination and growth of lettuce seeds. They used six different concentrations of the toxin, three plates per concentration, five seeds per plate. They counted the number of seeds germinated per treatment and measured the length of the seeds' radicle in mm. My questions: (1) What is the appropriate number of significant figures to use when calculating the average germination and average radical length? (2) If a seed hasn't germinated or has germinatd but has no radicle, do you include a 0 for radicle length when calculating the average or do you leave it out of the calculation all together? Thanks much for your help!
1068: What is a rogue wave?
1069: Right now in physics we are learning about projectiles. So far we have learned that the angle which creates the longest projectile is 45 degrees. But with my golf experience I know that my driver (12.5 degrees) goes the furthest, then my 3 wood (21 degrees) and so on until I get down to my sand wedge (56 degrees) and my lob wedge (60 degrees), which go the shortest. With or without air resistance, how come the 45 degree angle doesn't hold true in golfing? What is the difference?
1070: Do elephants cry?
1071: In science, I am studying Fragile X Syndrom for a report. Because of this I was wondering how a person can be afflicted with the disorder, and how they can get help.
1072: Why does static electricity make peoples hair stand up?
1073: My science class is doing reports on genetic diseases, and I was assigned to research spina bifida. Is there a lot of scientific research going on? Thanks!
1074: What are the instruments that meteorologists use on site in order to predict and track hurricanes?
1075: What makes a snake's venom dangerous? Why are some venom that do not kill humans and others do?
1076: What makes a cat get worms inside its body and get sick?
1077: How do scientists know that some materials for clothing can stop UV rays? Are the advertisements for this clothing reliable?
1078: What are some land forms found on the moon's surface?
1079: How weather can be predicted?
1080: How many tornadoes do we have a year?
1081: Why do we have hurricanes?
1082: Why is there life on Earth and not at other planet?
1083: Why does space have thin air?
1084: Why the sun does not burn itself up?
1085: What are planet rings made of?
1086: How do tornadoes start?
1087: Are there any snakes in Hawaii?
1088: What is the Earth's atmosphere made of?
1089: What does food coloring do to plants?
1090: Why is there a ring around Saturn?
1091: Are there new planets being formed in space?
1092: Are there stars or planets bigger than the sun in space?
1093: How can a cloud carry so much water?
1094: What is Saturn's rings made out of?
1095: Why does Saturn have rings and the other planets do not?
1096: How many hurricanes do we have a year?
1097: How do you measure the moon from the distance?
1098: Why the planets show certain colors when we see them from Earth?
1099: What is in stainless steel that makes it anti- rust?
1100: What do you do to turn Lead into Gold
1101: Do you know what type of landslide occurred in La Conchita?
1102: I am doing a report for my eighth grade class about what would happen if the earth was a cube. I chose this hypothetical question because I thought it was an interesting idea. Anyway I didn't get much information on the subject and I am wanting to know more. Can you please fill me in on what WOULD happen if the earth was cubical?
1103: What does the equations E = m c2 mean? I am pretty sure it has something to do with the light's speeds but I am not sure. Thank you.
1104: Is it true that wolves really howl at the moon when it is full?
1105: We guessed that Reindeers eat: hay or grass, carrots, and apples. Is this true? What other things do Reindeers eat? Can they really fly? Where do they live? Thanks for your help!
1106: Earth's minerals contain what percent oxygen?
1107: I just won 2nd place in our district science fair. I grew a bunch of different types of crystals and compared them with store bought crystals to see which ones grew faster and better. I'm now going on to regionals and need to expand my project. Do you have any ideas of what I can do to expand my crystal growing project for regionals?
1108: Is there life on Europa?
1109: Hello, Why is it that a person is supposed to accelerate half way around a turn when driving? Does it have anything to do with Physics and therefore make a cleaner, less abrupt turn? Or is it just to keep up with traffic?
1110: I am doing a report on Tay Sachs disease, and I was wondering if you could tell me what scientists and researchers are doing to help people with Tay Sachs. Thanks!
1111: How many Egyptian hieroglyphics are there?
1112: What happens to the small and large intestine for at least two days?
1113: How do reptiles regenerate their body parts? Which parts do they regenerate? How do they do that? How many times? When?
1114: I'm doing a science project about electricity (actually, it's energy in general, but I prefer to do something on electricity), and I'd like to know if something like the following would be possible. I have three ideas, one that I'll test as soon as I get the supplies, another simple one that's a super back up plan, and this other thing that I'll try to do if it's even possible on earth. It's basically an attempt in transferring an electrical charge from one end of a wire to another. The hitch is that the wire has at least a free inch of space between two wires. So, to attempt to allow any amount of the charge to reach the end, I'm using a series of magnets. Another way would be to send a huge charge through a thick wire and form a weak magnetic field around the area of which the charge would be making a 'free fall' through.
1115: What would it be like if there were no trees?
1116: Can you explain what changing the gear ratio on your car will do? My sister's boyfriend just ordered new gears and he says that it is going to be a lot faster. How does it make it faster?

I was also wondering what a ground cable does. Everything has one but I've never known what it was really for.

1117: What conditions cause the sky to change colors?
1118: How does the earth stay up? Why is the earth round?
1119: I'm an AP Biology student and we are learning about molecular genetics. My teachers says that certain segments (introns) of mRNA are spliced out before translation occurs. Why do we have introns then? What role do they serve? Does it have to do with evolution? Thanks a lot.
1120: Why is the chlorophyll in plants green or even red, orange, or brown?
1121: What is a water balloon's material?
1122: What would it happen if the world were covered with water?
1123: What would it happen if the Earth's core was damaged?
1124: If I put my finger on one side of my eye I can see a black spot on the other side. Why is this?
1125: How far are stars from Earth?
1126: How long can a human body survive?
1127: How is electricity made?
1128: How old is the oldest person in the world?
1129: What causes the human body to age?
1130: How big is a brain?
1131: What is the difference between a hurricane and a tornado?
1132: In my AP Bio class we learned that a gene codes for a specific protein (the central dogma of biology: transcription, translation, etc...). I've also read that according to the Human Genome Project that we humans have 30,000 genes, and on another website I read humans have 100,000 proteins. How can we have more proteins than genes? Do some genes contain code for more than one protein? Do some proteins come from pieces of DNA that aren't "genes"?
1133: How many stars are in the sky?
1134: When will the Sun blow up? Will the planets blow up, too?
1135: How far does the Universe expand?
1136: How many times does the Moon orbit the Earth in a year?
1137: Why are dogs the only animals that can see in black and white?
1138: Is it possible to travel through time?
1139: Are human disabilities (ADD, ADHD, ect.) have anything to do with the environment around us (air quality, number of plants, ect.)?
1140: Is it possible to travel to another universe?
1141: Is there more than one universe?
1142: Why are people and dolphins the only mammals that have sex for pleasure?
1143: Where did AIDS come from?
1144: What is the difference between fusion and cold fusion?
1145: What causes evolution?
1146: What was the first thing ever invented by a scientist?
1147: Is yawning contageous?
1148: Why did people evolve into different races?
1149: How does wind create waves that are so clean and smooth when they should be bumpy and choppy?
1150: What came first the chicken or the egg?
1151: If you were traveling at the speed of Earth and heading in the opposite direction of Earth's rotation, what would happen to time?
1152: Will we ever be able to space travel out of the Milky Way and into the Andromeda Galaxy?
1153: Is teleportation possible yet? I have heard of tests on it, but I want to know more about.
1154: Can you see into the future?
1155: What is the difference between a nucleic acid and an amino acid?
1156: Where does the blue sky end?
1157: What is the number one fear in the entire world?
1158: Why do you get a headache when you eat ice cream too fast?
1159: Is the depletion of the ozone an actual probable risk to the human race, other than such catastrophes that have wiped other races in history?
1160: Where do atoms come from?
1161: Could there ever be life on Pluto?
1162: When you spin around a lot, how come you to get dizzy?
1163: Why can we not go further in space?
1164: How much sugar is in a bottle of coke?
1165: If a man was hanging from a live cable on an electricity pylon without earthing himself he should suffer no harm. My question is in two parts. a: If the man simultaneously touched another cable of the same voltage and polarity, would he suffer an electric shock. b: If the man simultaneously touched another cable of a different voltage but the same polarity, would he suffer an electric shock. Thank you in advance, Regards, Chris Knox.
1166: Where are minerals stored,
1167: What are the ends of bones covered with? Where are immovable joints found in the human body? What kind of joints are the knee, toes, and fingers? Which vitamin is made in the skin? Where is dead skin cells found?
1168: I heard that there are 60 billion droplets in a cup of water, enough to cover a small town in a fog. Is there a formula to determine how much space (in cubic feet) it takes to accomodate the evaporation or steam in, say, a pint of water? (I'm curious how the vaporized water (from earth?) in the "Big Bang" didn't extinguish the hot gases....) Thanks.
1169: What makes the sky blue?
1170: How does your landmass compare to the drawing of pangaea?
1171: Hello, I am currently working on a science fair project that involves the effects on fuel emissions when different types of oxygenated gasolines are used. I have access to a dynamometer but I don't have access to non- oxygenated gasoline or a controlled gasoline source that would be able to change the additive in the non-oxygenated gasoline to the exact amount necessary for testing. It would also be nice to be able to work with someone that knows something about the topic. If you could contact me as soon as possible that would really be great. Thank you.
1172: Regarding global warming. If all the ice in the north and south poles melted to water, how much would the world seas increase? I guess a couple of feet, but I am curious to know the correct answer. Thanks!
1173: How do you find limiting reactants and limiting yields?
1174: How long does it take for a Monster energy drink to kick in after drinking it, and how long does it take until it gets out of your system?
1175: What happens to a human being when subjected to space with no oxygen or protective suit? I have seen many explanations but I would like to know the exact reaction. Many Thanks.
1176: What is the actual mass of a proton, a electron and a neutron
1177: What are the names of ten or more sub-atomic particles (quakes)
1178: How many hydrogen atoms would you find in 1g of hydrogens?
1179: What is the cosmos?
1180: Is the giant squid still alive?
1181: If the planets are made of CO2, can there be any form of life on them?
1182: Why can not you tickle yourself?
1183: What would happen if something twice the size of a black hole goes to the center of it?
1184: Why are all the electrical outlets in hospitals upside down?
1185: My dad and I tried to build a steam piston. We used bicycle tube valves to let air into each end of a plastic tube. Each end has another bicycle tube valve to let air out. Inside the tube there is a piston that was supposed to move back and forth. It didn't move. We think the valves don't let enough air into the two inch cylinder. We started to fool around with the tube and put a plastic golfball in. We connected a bicycle pump to one end and left the other end open. When we pumped air into the cylinder, the ball did not shoot out as we expected. It shot back quickly against the end where the air was coming into the cylinder. Why didn't our piston work, and why does the ball come back and not away from the air? This is fun science. Thanks for your help.
1186: How many plants are there on the planet?
1187: I am doing a science project and I have a question: If you serve the volleyball with certain air pumped into it, which ball goes further, the one completely filled up with air, or the one with less air? I was wondering if you could give me any help/ info on this. Thank you for you time.
1188: How is the way to measure volleyball pressure, and what units?
1189: What makes a person's body to grow?
1190: How does the heart work?
1191: How long can a tree live?
1192: If you put water in the sun, why does it evaporate?
1193: Why are some people smarter than others and how are some people more intelligent than others?
1194: How fast is the Earth's rotation in Santa Barbara?
1195: I am doing the school science project on "If you put a goldfish in a dark room will it affect it's skin pigment". And I was wondering, if it does affect it, why would it affect it and how? And where would I find a site with information?
1196: Where can find out about Australian Scientists.
1197: About how big is a star?
1198: Are light and sound forms of matter?
1199: I need to find a mineral that is hard enough to scratch a diamond. I also need to determine its hardness.
1200: I need a good, cool science fair project because I don't have any idea what to do? Thank You!
1201: How do star trails affect the Earth's rotation?
1202: What materials can be charged with static electricity?
1203: How can you test if our water is acidic?
1204: What is a smell? How does your body recognize a smell?
1205: How does color affect crystal growth?
1206: I am doing a science experiment on the energy output of some different fuels. I am going to be burning small amounts of fuel in a closed chamber and then measuring the heat generated, and the pollutants generated. I am going to filter the air for soot and unburnt hydrocarbons, and use a thermometer for measuring heat, but I want to know what products are produced from the burning of the fuels. I need help finding out the chemical formulas for burning these fuels with air (not pure O2, just air). I managed to find out the formula for methanol, but am having trouble with the rest.

The fuels I am thinking of testing are:

Gasoline
Methanol
Diesel fuel
Kerosene

If you know of any web sites that might help me find this information, or know the formulas yourself, I would appreciate it if you could inform me. Also, if you know of where I could find some thermal testing instruments, I would like to know. Thank you for your help!

1207: How hot is electricity?
1208: I am interested in doing a science project that involves measuring the elements in a substance by the substane's light emission lines. My teacher does not want us to test water do you have a suggestion about which substances might make a good experiment. Do you know the equipment needed, like a spectroscopy, and is there some one that would allow a student to use one. I am also looking for a mentor. Any advice is welcomed Asap. Thank You.
1209: One of my students asked me if Southern California was separating from the rest of the continent. If this is happening: 1. At what rate is it happening? 2. What's causing the movement (San Andreas or a different fault?) 3. And when would Southern California be completely separate? (My student seems to think it would be in the next 30 years?). Thank you!!
1210: I noticed last summer, that when I left some water balloons in a bucket of water overnight, they shrunk down to nothing by the next day. Why does this happen? My mom thinks it might be because the latex balloon is porous. Also, the pressure of the water inside the balloon is more than the pressure of the water in the bucket, so the water wants to get out of the balloon. Is she right? Thank you. I couldn't find the answer on the internet anywhere.
1211: Last year when I visited the REEF the student told us a story about the octopus who left his tank and ate something from another tank. What did he eat? Do you have any other funny stories? What was the girl fish with the big mouth who turned into a boy fish?
1212: What do cells come from?
1213: I would like to do a science fair project with my class on capturing wind for a source of energy. We take weekly hikes to Elings Park and have even flown kites. Do you have any suggestions for working models of wind mills that we can install along the hillside where we often watch paragliders/sailors? Do you have a formula we could use to determine wind velocity? Do you have/know of a chart for converting wind velocity into wind power/energy? Thank you.
1214: What causes airplain trails and why do they stay put?
1215: How does Pluto support three moons?
1216: How can chickens lay eggs?
1217: How does a sonar work?
1218: I was just wondering if you could show me how to build a mouse trap car that can go really fast. I have to build one in 9th grade and I just wanted to see if I could build one now. Please e- mail me as soon as possible.
1219: Dear Scienceline, I am doing an experiment for school involving wave energy, the problem is, I can't figure out a way to compare the crest, trough, wavelength, and frequency of a wave to show how much wave energy there is. I also don't completely understand what wave energy is. Please help me.
1220: How can the human body grow?
1221: Which flower has the most petals?
1222: How do we get our voices?
1223: What causes banana peels to turn brown?
1224: We know that the conditions for life are rare in this solar system, and just the right atmosphere, water, and chemicals exist on earth in order for life to occur. However, if the earth was a bit closer to the sun, it would be too hot, and if it were a little farther away, it woud be too cold. So, our question is: how far is that "bit" of distance that would make life unsustainable?
1225: I want to know about Tundra. I think they are awesome and would like to know more about them. I also want to know, do Eskimos hibernate?
1226: I'm interested in applying for a patent for a new type of rain dial that I created, and I don't know how. Can you tell me? I don't think I have enough money either so can I find someone to help me? Thanks a lot.
1227: How do caterpillars make the cocoons?
1228: Why do we have feelings?
1229: What kinds of plants can get cancer?
1230: Will we ever be able to bring back dinosaurs like in Jurassic Park using DNA?
1231: Why do birds migrate south?
1232: 1.Do steamboats go fast in colder waters or hotter? 2.Is heat the energy of moving molecules and atoms or just one of those? 3.Is it true that The British physicist James Joule in the 1840's proved that heat was a form of energy? 4.How does heat work on steamboats? 5.Does heat make things move? and if so, will it go faster in lower temperatures or hotter?
1233: How does a storm form?
1234: How can one calculate the amount of vaccum generated by a pump at different Mean Sea Level positions ( different locations) like in Mumbai and Delhi?
1. What will be the vaccum generated at 700 Mean Sea Level and at 600 Mean Sea Level?

1235: What are some backgrounds that scientist use mice for? Or what can mice be used for in projects that scientists/people use them for?
1236: How can the actual vaccines for COVID-19 be modified in order to be effective against any mutations of this virus, like the Delta mutation? Are the actual vaccines only working on the "spike" or any other part of the virus?
1237: Hey, my name is Kimberly and I am right in the middle of the Science Fair. I am required to have an interview with someone who is an expert or knows about my research topic. I was wondering if I could ask someone a few questions about my topic, like an interview.

My question is: Can I make a pH indicator by using vegetables?
Now that you know my question, here are some questions for anyone who can answer them.
Q. Is there anyway to test if a solution is a salt?
Q. Many plant materials, such as red cabbage, contain compounds that are indicators. What compounds does Red Cabbage contain?
Q. So far, I know of 7 acids (sulfuric, Nitric, Hydrochloric, Citric, ascorbic, carbonic, and phosphoric). How many acids [estimated] are out there?
Q. Which acid is the most deadly and where is it found?
Q. What is the definition of corrosive?
Q. If bases can harm skin, and if your hands being to feel slippery you should immediately rinse your hands with large amounts of water because you might have some sort of base on your hands, then why aren't we harmed when washing our hands with soap?
Q. What are some other plant materials that can be used as indicators or have some compounds that are indicators?

1238: Why doesn't a balloon pop when you put a sticker on it?
1239: How are crystals uses in science? How do scienctists use crystals in science? Why is crysla growing important to us?
1240: I was wondering if you could explain to me about pressure. I am doing an experiment about wave energy. My experiment involves dropping a rock into water and measuring its wave energy, so I was wondering how the pressure affects and how much wave energy is produced. I am writing my abstract, and am not sure how to incorporate pressure into it. I am also asking, could you please explain to me in simple terms, what wave energy really is and how you find it? I am also doing an experiment on wave energy but the problem is that I don't quite understand it. Could you please explain to me in simple terms, what wave energy really is and how do you find it?
1241: What are scientists currently looking at to find treatment for Down syndrome?
1242: How come birds don't get electrocuted when they sit on the telephone wires?
1243: Are UFO'S real?
1244: What is so special about area 51?
1245: How come owls see at night?
1246: What explodes soda when you shake it up?
1247: What would happen to a bare human body in space? would it explode, implode or stay the same?
1248: What is gravity (more specific than the force that keeps you on the ground, etc.)? What is electricity?
1249: What percentage of humans in the world are albinos?
1250: Does DNA have a color?
1251: Is it possible to grow your DNA back after sexual reproduction?
1252: I have three questions.
Question A: Do ants sleep?
Question B: How big is a queen ant?
Question C: How many baby ants does a queen ant have in year?

1253: Why is there no gravity in space?
1254: What is Floam made of?
1255: I know that in parallel circuits, the battery, or other power source is supposed to provide the necessary amount of voltage to each resistor in the circuit. I also know that unplugging or turning on or any other action done to one resistor in a parallel circuit will not affect the other resistors. That said, I was wondering why when I plug in my hairdryer, the light in my room dims. Isn't this a violation of the laws relating to parallel circuits?
1256: Why do your teeth chatter when you are cold?
1257: How often does the earth change its magnetic north?
1258: In plate tectonics -- An example of divergent oceanic plates would be the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but can you give an example of divergent continental plates and where they are located?
1259: My teacher says it is not possible to physically touch molecules, but isn't that what friction is? Moving molecules quickly so it makes heat?
1260: I am trying to find out the name of a bright orange, dust-like lichen that grows on oak or pine trees in the uk. Can you tell me what it might be? It doesn't have a visible structure like other lichens.
1261: Does Earth’s magnetism affect the weather?
1262: I blew up a rubber balloon and a foil balloon and measured their circumference over a period of four days. The foil balloon deflated more. I am not sure how to explain why the foil balloon allowed more air out than the rubber one. Any ideas?
1263: What will happen if you put a marshmallow in the sun?
1264: What kind of leaves do silkworms eat?
1265: How much does it cost to get solar power (not in your home, get it in a power plant or whatever)? How would you find a rate if yo were going to sell it to people?
1266: In my AP Bio class we were learning about the female reproductive cycle. We learned that an increase in estrogen causes the anterior pituitary to release a surge of luteinizing hormone, which releases the egg (ovulation). I also read on-line that "the pill" contains hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and these stop ovulation, but keep the rest of the cycle going. If estrogen is what causes ovulation, how can the estrogen in the pill stop ovulation? Thanks, and sorry if my question doesn't make sense. Ashley
1267: How is solar power converted to electricity? It's just light right?
1268: We have learned that both ocean waves and currents are caused by winds on the ocean's surface. We know waves carry energy, although the actual water molecules stay in place. However, currents carry water, unlike waves. How are the "winds' different that cause these different situations?
1269: What is the scientific name for roly-poly?
1270: What plates does the san Andrea fault separate? What type of fault is the san Andreas?
1271: While studying magnetism in physics class this week we learned that when a connecting wire has current flowing through it it has a magnetic force field. We also learned that when two magnetic fields cross each others paths there will be a force which creates motion. I was wondering how a house could be wired without having attraction or repulsion between the electrical wiring.
1272: I would like to know whether milk is acid or base. Is it good for a gastric patient to consume milk?? I would also like to know why hydrochloric acid resolves in water when it is a covalent.
1273: Why are people different? Like Mexican, European, Chinese, etc.
1274: Do different types of algae absorb different light? After doing my experiment with a spectrophotometer and extracts of red, green and brown algae I found out that yes, they do absorb different amounts of each light. I would just like to have more information about how and why this happens. Please, I need this information as soon as possible. Thank you.
1275: What is the difference between cat's eyes and owl's eyes?
1276: What are the two parts of a comet?
1277: What type of reaction is it when you add sulfuric acid to a solution of sodium thiosulfate? What are the products?
1278: How do sponges survive in the ocean and how do they reproduce?
1279: How are birds and dinosaurs alike?
1280: What is the most important thing do once a new specie or animal is found to be endangered?
1281: I am doing a research report on the Desert Tortoise. What are the historic and current populations? What are the historic ranges? What is going on to help protect the Desert Tortoises? Thanks!
1282: I am a student at SBJHS. I am doing a research report on the endangered California Tiger Salamander. I was wondering what the historic and current population of the species. Thank you.
1283: Could you please tell me the historic and current populations of the San Clemente Sage Sparrow for an endagered species report I am doing?
1284: What is the current population of the point arena mountain beaver?
I am doing a report on them and the most recent I can find is from 1997

1285: I am doing an endangered species report on the California Freshwater Shrimp. I was wondering what the historic and current populations were.
1286: In science class, I am doing a project on the Western Snowy Plovers. I was wondering what the current and historic populations of these animals was. I also had a question about what sites/groups/people are taking care of these animals and what they are doing to prevent the Snowy Plovers from becoming more endangered. Thank you for your time and help!
1287: I was wondering if you could think of any way that science could help us with a bird problem? There are barn swallows that make a mess in our shop and we would like to get them out.
1288: What method do scientists use to count the number of species within a population?
1289: I'm doing a science project in which a put a charge through a tub of sea water. The anode is titanium mesh and the cathode is steel mesh. I am measuring the growth of solids (mainly calcium carbonate and magnesium) on the cathodic steel mesh structure. Everything that is happening so far I've expected except that there is brown and red foam forming on the surface of the water and there is red settlement of the floor. I would greatly appreciate any feed back into what's happening chemically to make this happen.
P.S. Someone suggested that it may be galvanic corrosion. This may be feasible because the steel is galvanized (I'm assuming that that's what's on the steel to stop it from rusting).

1290: I have two questions: A. Did trilobites have predators? B. What did trilobites eat?
1291: I am currently a student-teacher, through UCSB, in a 7th grade Life Science class. I recently assigned disease reports to students and some of the assigned diseases are caused by prions. I'm certainly not expecting them to know all of the details about prions, but I figured that I should know about them in case I have questions. I've looked up information on the Internet and read the prior prion question that is posted on Science Line, but I still just don't understand how prions work. How are they infectious? How do they change other proteins? Are they anything like viruses, or more like regular old protiens. I've also seen information about them being caused by humans' own genetics, so I just want to know, basically, what they are and what they do.
1292: I am doing a research report about the bald eagle, can you possibly tell me the current population of bald eagles in California and possibly send me a map.
1293: Why does big red gum wrappers burn your skin?
1294: Are toilets made of metal?
1295: I want to know why silkworms eat mulberry and what's present in mulberry that is not present in other leaves?
1296: What do roly pollies eat? How many legs do they have?
1297: Does a zygote have a diploid chromosome number?
1298: Why is it that dogs and other animals can eat raw meat but humans get sick if they do ?
1299: How many kinds of animals are there?
1300: How do particles in a fluid exert pressure on a container?
1301: While riding my bike I noticed these remains (pictures attached) in front of Dos Pueblos High School. Could you tell me what kind of animal this is? Could it be a bobcat or a baby mountain lion?
Picture 1
Picture 2
1302: Did Sea Scorpions eat any kind of Trilobite?
1303: Are birds reptiles?
1304: How do you get seeds out of vegetables?
1305: Why is T-rex extinct?
1306: How are planets made of?
1307: Thanks for responding to my question, I have a few more if you'd be so kind as to answer them. First, the titanium anode didn't corrode at all, it was the steel cathode. But by being the cathode, wouldn't it have cathodic protection from corrosion? Also, we just studied electrochemistry in my chemistry class. From this knowledge, I am assuming that the positive calcium and magnesium ions in the water are being reduced by electrons supplied by the electric current, but what makes them electroplate on the steel structure and not the walls of the tub as well? And where do the carbonate ions come from? I didn't know that they were present in sea water. Each subject received the same voltage, but a different amount of current (6v:300mAmp, 400mAmp, 700mAmp), would the total kilowatt hours be the same for all of them? And why would the current make a difference?
1308: In my school science project, I have a submerged steel mesh structure and titanium mesh strip. There is a charge running through this seawater, the titanium's the anode, and the steel mesh is the cathode. From what I already know, the current through the sea water causes the dissolve carbon dioxide to become carbonate ions and attach onto the cathodic steel mesh structure. I was hoping someone could give me the balanced chemical and redox reaction for this process. The steel mesh structure is rusting so maybe this has something to do with it? I didn't really understand the answer to why the cathodic steel mesh structure rusted despite being the cathode nor why the calcium carbonate formed on the steel structure instead of just anywhere.
1309: Why in the Hiroshima war did rain turn black?
1310: When you put on a space suit, how can you breathe in space?
1311: What are the chemical combinations for chlorophyll?
1312: Is it possible to use the silk material to replace the steel of reinforcement concrete?
1313: I would like to demonstrate to my students the effect of electromagnetic shielding by a Faraday cage. I tried two arrangements of cages. One was an inverted metal utensil holder having holes about 1 cm in diameter, which I placed on top of aluminum foil to get metal on all sides. The other arrangement was simply an aluminum pie plate inverted on top of another plate. With both arrangements, I put a cell phone in the "cage" and called the number. I was surprised that the phone still received the signal. Can you please explain possible reasons why my arrangements did not effectively shield the cell phone from the signal? Thank you!
1314: How long is one guinea pig year?
1315: Can we keep roly-polies (pill bugs) in our house?
1316: What would happen if you gently released a cubic foot of luke warm water into outer space? What would happen to the water? Would it stay together or separate into thousands of tiny particles? What if you did it to air?
1317: We will be looking at newton's 3 laws around Halloween. For the 2nd, f = m x a, I would like to construct a giant spider web and give some force facts about spider silk and webs. How strong is spider silk? How strong is a spider's web? How much force can silk withstand? How much force can the whole web withstand?If you have any more ideas for the holidays, please send them! Thanks, Joan.
1318: What kills botulism?
1319: Someone told me that I have to turn house plants occasionally, so that the plant gets equal light all around. I also read somewhere that the plant should be turned counter-clockwise. Is that true?
1320: What shape do you think a neutron star that does not rotate around its axis can have?
1321: I am aware that cells are differentiated into their particular functions. Furthermore, cells reproduce constantly. However, how do these cells "know" where their "cosmetic boundaries" are? For example, why don't your lip cells reproduce right into your cheek area? Why don't eyebrow-producing epithelial cells grow hair up into your forehead?
1322: Do humans implode or explode in space?
1323: What will happen if you light Citric Acid in the powdered form on fire or expose to extreme heat? Josie
1324: I did an experiment the other day where somebody lies down and pushes their hand up while somebody else tries to push their hand down. Then the person lying down eats some sugar and then repeats the pushing experiment. Why does the person lying down weaken?
1325: Why do dogs go around in circles before they go to the bathroom?
1326: What is a quantity completely described by its magnitude.
1327: Are marshmallows somehow made out of pig skin or any animal? What are they made out of?
1328: I just found a Western Corsair (Rasahus thoracicus) in my bed! It was flying around in my room, flitting up near the light. It then flew down on to my bed. I looked it up in my Insect Field Guide (Audubon) and at first I was very disturbed because it resembled a conenose bug. I read that they bite humans in the night for blood, and in fact I did have a few bug bites on my arm a couple of weeks ago which I thought might have been caused by spiders. I then searched the internet and found out that it is a western corsair because it has a very distictive orange dot on its otherwise black wings. I'm wondering if this western corsair is dangerous. I read it has a nasty bite that can be very painful. I also read that it eats other insects. But does it suck blood like the conenose bugs? Please let me know what you think. Thank you very much!!!!!
1329: Do bubbles implode or explode, and wich one has more density: dry ice or regular ice?
1330: What is chemical corrosion? How does it happen in metals? How does science deal with corrosion?
1331: Are animal behaviors different from a person's behavior?
1332: What is the difference between toothed whales and dolphins?
1333: Why is a steam burn more damaging than a burn with boiling water of the same temperature?
1334: I am doing a science project for my chemistry class, and my partner and I have come up with this question: What is the effect of common/uncommon acids and bases on the amount of corrosion in steel and copper pipes?
1335: How much do scientists get paid?
1336: What are the chances that we will find life on other planets in the next 100 years?
1337: What would happen if you put water in outerspace?
1338: Why are skin cells undergoing mitosis continuously?
1339: What characteristics of living things does a river have? Is a river alive?
1340: Why dose blood turn red when it touches the air?
1341: I want to know why Pluto is not a planet
1342: I need a device that will give me alternating current at ~24V, 1-5 Amps, and hertz in the thousands. What is this device called and where can I buy it, or how can I build it? Is there a version that the user can modulate the hertz? How/where can I build/buy it?
1343: I have been reading about telomerase, and just finished studying plants. Is telomerase present in plants, and how do plants get away without aging. I understand plants (perennials) can grow forever if the environment allows.
1344: I am doing a science project regarding the corrosion of pipes. I know that the amount of oxygen in water would effect how much a pipe corrodes; but my question is: Is there a way to measure or add oxygen to water so I could do an experiment involving this?
1345: Is it possible to travel faster than the speed of light?
1346: What is the famous "green flash" all about at sunset?
1347: I have observed that beer tends to foam more in a chilled mug, than in one that is room temperature. I have thought that this is related to the Ideal Gas Law. The temperature in the air inside of the mug has a lower temperature. This causes the pressure to be lower as well. Lower atmospheric pressure allows more carbon dioxide to become liberated from the beer, thus more foam. Is this correct reasoning, or just another faulty application of the hallowed Ideal Gas Law?
1348: We tested the toxicity of bio-degradable laundry detergent on lettuce seeds. The radicals of the plants that germinated were withered and brown, a result that differed from every other experimental substance group. Any insight as to the cause of this result?
1349: We performed an experiment in which we tested the effects of PowerGel (basically, liquid electrolytes) on lettuce seed growth. I want to know: are plants able to utilize electrolyte- type fuel in the same ways that people do?
1350: In measuring radicale growth length of lettuce seeds in a toxicology lab at GGSE. While handling the tender radicales, I broke many of them in my attempt to measure them. What should I do with these results? Do I try to estimate the length or throw out the results?
1351: How does exposure to water cause lettuce seeds to germinate, and why is no light required for growth? Is it because the seed provides the necessary nutrients?
1352: In one of my recent teacher education classes, my lab partner and I tested the effect of a toxin (in our experiment the toxin was PowerGel aka liquid electrolytes) on lettuce seed growth, over a 7 day period. In comparing our results to those of the other groups (whose used different toxins), our lettuce seeds that sprouted were much smaller in length than everyone else. Why might have power gel affected the diameter of the lettuce sprouts, been smaller than the rest of our classmates?
1353: During a toxicity lab performed at UCSB, we took butter lettuce seeds and used UCSB Lagoon water taken from the North shore (farthest away from Pacific Ocean opening) near the faculty lounge, to see if the seeds would grow. When the water was collected, we noted significant levels of algae and detritus in the water (strong offensive smell). Due to the proximity of our collection location to the Pacific Ocean, there may have been significant levels of salt in our test substance. The contaminated lagoon water poisonous in lettuce seeds and inhibited germination and growth of the radical in seeds treated with concentrations 10% and above with the lagoon water. My question is; what are the chemical components of the water that inhibit growth in the butter lettuce seeds?
1354: We recently did a lab on the effects of different substances on the growth of lettuce seeds. Our substance (Trader Joe's "Next-to- Godliness Liquid Laundry Detergent") allowed similar amounts of growth, yet it was the only substance in the study where the roots were all brown. Why do you think this was?
1355: Do you have an application for gold nano- particles?
1356: Is the Nanotechnology Field market-driven? If so, what are the dollars that are being put into this field? Who is the highest contributor? Is it the business or government sector?
1357: Is there any evidence that low concentrations (0.001%-1%) of a sugar source on a growth medium might enhance seed growth, rather than inhibit it? We did an experiment where we plated low concentrations of a fruit juice and tried to grow lettuce seeds. The higher concentrations killed them, but in the lower concentrations, there was some growth, but less than for the control (distilled water). To restate: Does an absorbable sugar source help growth of seeds
1358: If we put plants on Mars, will we be able to live there in a couple hundred years?
1359: Why do humans dream in their sleep?
1360: There are 3 things that go from solid to gas without going through a liquid stage: Dry ice and moth balls. Can you tell me the third?
1361: How many planes are in the air per day, military and private?
1362: Why is it that its mostly military aircraft that leave a vapor trail? I never see a commercial jet leaving a trail.
1363: Are you aware of any international treaties or agreements being developed to control the use or access to Nano Technology?
1364: Does the amount of stretch of a rubber band affect the distance a rubber band will travel?
1365: Hi, I would like to conduct a science fair experiment and measure the amount of energy produced by electrolytes in sports and other drinks when they cross a semipermeable membrane. I wondering if I could get some advise as to how to set up this experiment. Thank you.
1366: How can chameleons change color?
1367: Just how do I find out, on average of the cost of a department store, and how much does it cost an hour?
1368: Has there ever been a plant that can combine a monocot and a dicot?
1369: Can you explain what atoms are? I don't get it.
1370: If you took an element out of air, would it still be considered air?
1371: How long do butterflies live?
1372: Why do we use nuclear energy if it is so harmful?
1373: According to Newton's Third law for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. On earth, if the air in a balloon is released the the force becomes unbalanced. The action is the air being released -going down- and the reaction is the ballon going up. Will Newton's third law still hold truth even if this experiment was done on the moon?
1374: What is a summary of scientists observations and conclusions about cells called?
1375: What is the difference between venous and arterial bleeding?
1376: If flies see many small images, how do they know what direction the danger is coming from (and what direction to fly away in)?
1377: Is there a possibility that radioactive fallout or waste could cause a mutation that causes plants to change colors, like instead of being green the plant would be red and purple?
1378: Why do objects have mass?
1379: Does heat affect heat or sunlight absorption? Can the outside coloring of an object affect the temperature inside?
1380: Does soap explode?
1381: How thick is an eggshell?
1382: We learned on a video that there is one T-cell and one B-cell in your body to match any virus, and if they saw their specific virus, they would start an immune response. We also learned that all cells divide by mitosis. So, how do T & B cells divide if there's one specific cell for each different virus? Does one of the two new cells die off, or does one match itself up with a new virus? Do these cells live forever, like brain cells?
1383: How many dendritic cells are there in the body? About how long does it take a dendritic cell to carry the virus protein around and find the specific T-cell it matches?
1384: Date of Winter Solstice this week and Summer next year.
1385: Would you be able to direct us in finding the answer to the following question. How will scientists choose the plants and animals to take on interplanetary ark to the first permanent colony? Which ones will rank the top ten?
1386: I saw a video on the internet, that claims a cricket infected with a Parasitic Gordian worm is forced to "commit suicide" by jumping into a pool of water. How can a parasite do that?
1387: Does your blood type alter the speed of all your organs working together or does it not matter.
1388: How is this storm tracked? What can be the effects of the storm?
1389: Is there a way water is created or does the Earth have a finite amount?
1390: I want to measure electrolytes in sports drinks. I have a voltmeter. How do I set up the experiment? Thank you.
1391: I'm wondering about the optimal electrolytes needed by the human body during endurance exercise. Thank you.
1392: Is it true that the Big Bang was created by universes that collided?
1393: How many planets have been discovered outside our solar system? Also, what are their names?
1394: What would it happen if you drink liquid nitrogen?
1395: Since the distance between the Earth and the Sun does not tell us the seasons, how does it affect us?
1396: Do we have an infinite past and universe?
1397: Where does drinking-water come from?
1398: What are the names of the 63 moons of Jupiter?
1399: How many living things are there?
1400: Are sasquatches real?
1401: My class has been learning about climate changes, the greenhouse effect and global warming. I have a B.S. in geology so I understand that the climate has changed throughout geologic time. What we are wondering is if the current global warming of the planet is strictly due to human activity or is it a natural occurrence? How can this global warming result in a runaway greenhouse effect and what can be done to stop it? How will an increase in volcanic activity affect global warming? Will we be in for global cooling and another phase of the ice age? Thanks! We've been talking about this topic for a while and I want some input from scientists regarding the subject.
1402: What would liquid nitogen do in space ?
1403: Is it true that some day the common lifetime of a man can expand?
1404: How many people are in the world and how many of them are gangsters?
1405: What is the chemical formula for the liquid inside glow-sticks?
1406: What are the names of Mars's two moons?
1407: How many people have died in all the American wars?
1408: How many poeple died in a fire and how many lived?
1409: 1. What is the difference between a vein and artery? 2. The importance of blood to the human body?
1410: If a carbon atom with a +4 charge bonds with a carbon atom with a 4- charge is the result carbon carbonide? Is this possible? I am following the text that says the positive ion comes first and the negative ion second. Also, the ending is supposed to change to -ide.
1411: mike starts at the top of he hill and skies down. he has converted?
1412: How do crystals form and what are some scientific uses of crystals?
1413: The importance of exercise for the heart and cardiovascular system?
1414: How did humans evolve?
1415: Here in KY. we had 5500 turkeys freeze to death at a turkey farm, someone turned off the heat in their barn. Why didn't the turkeys and or chickens at the local farmers freeze? They have no heat in their barns at all. But yet at the farms raising only turkeys, thousands of them they freeze to death without heat.
1416: Why do the wavelengths of different colors absorb different amounts of heat?
1417: How can I make potassium nitrate safely and legally?
1418: What parts of the brain deal with memory sight and sound?
1419: What is science?
1420: I am doing a science fair project and I need some background information. My project is on a smoke ring canon. It is a homemade one. It has a soup can with the top and bottom cut out. On one side there is cardboard in it with a 1" hole. On the other side it has a baloon cut in half strectched across the end. When you put incense in it, gather some smoke and take the incence out and you tap the baloon side and a smoke ring goes out of the 1" hole.What are some things I can look up for background research?
1421: Are there new developments in researching ways to prevent sickle cell disease after the cause is already known. If you aren't doing research, can you please guide me to a research center that can answer my question. Thank you so much for your help. Sincerely, Connor Kerns
1422: What metal when rusted becomes blue
1423: How do you define "property"?
1424: If teeth sit in different concentrates of acetic acid (vinegar)then how will they react differently? Thank you and I hope you can help me!!! : )
1425: In our science class we are doing a project on genetic diseases, and mine is on Spina Bifida. I have a couple of questions concerning the disease. Are the defective genes for Spina Bifida passed down through genes? Is Spina Bifida more commen in boys or girls?
1426: Dear UCSB Students, I am studying about the Spina Bifida Disease. in science class and I was wondering: Have the students at UCSB made any progress of researching if there are any known antidotes to this disease? Another question is if you students know any unusual side affects of this diseise. Tanner Wolf
1427: For my science fair project, I am hoping to test which area of Mammoth (i.e., roadside, mall, wildernesss roadside, etc...) has the most polluted snow. However, neither my science teacher or I could figure out how to test the pollutance of snow... how could we?
1428: What is a good way to test the production of carbon dioxide in humans after different types of exercise? What is the very best method to measure that? My teacher wants me to use a better method other than having the person blow into a cup of water with a straw for 30 seconds immediately after the exercise, then testing to see what the pH of the water is because CO2 is acidic. Thank you very much.
1429: Do you know why the mutation causing Huchinton- Gilford Progeria Syndrome causes the physical appearence of old age?
1430: How did the first living things get life?
1431: What makes a marshmallow to dissolve?
1432: How many moons are there on planet Neptune and what are their names?
1433: Why is saltwater salty?
1434: Once the white top layer on a toilet seat chips away, is the underlying surface toxic or harmful in any way?
1435: What will happen to a glass container with a vacuum inside of it if it is dropped?
1436: During mitosis demonstrations - books, videos, and other instructional sources always show the two nuclei separating; but they never show the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, or other organelles replicating in the process. It would be greatly appreciated, for my class and my understanding of the concept if you could answer this question. Thank you for your time and knowledge.
1437: Dear ScienceLine, Im doing at report on Sickle cell disease and I have a few questions. Is it possible to get Sickle cell disease if you are not African- American? Does Sickle cell show it self at a certain age or is it just any age?
1438: I am building a project on what absorbs most heat. Do you think the heat will stay in a shoe box at 100 degrees Fahrenheit?
1439: What was the state of Earth when it began?
1440: I'm doing my science fair project on 'does the color of the water effect the fish's life span?' using food colouring to dye the water do you think this will kill them?
1441: Why is the air let out of a tire valve stem so cold it will leave frost on the valve stem, plus why does the air used to operate air tools make them ice cold to the touch? Thank You
1442: My teacher said that the microbiology labs throw away petri dishs and a whole bunch of other materials. My question to you is can I get some of those used petri dishs and other materials ofr my scinece fair project?
1443: Will I still be able to become a marine bio if I have resource math class ?
1444: My science fair question is: Which material keeps the water at its original tempurature the longest? I dont know what type of expert I should get for my required mentor, any ideas?
1445: I am a student at La Colina working on my science project. I have a few questions about the topic "Triboluminescence" with Lifesavers and other candies. What are the elements and compounds involved in causing the spark? Does friction play a part in causing triboluminescence? Is the reaction exothermic or just releasing light? Can the reaction be done using a screwdriver(or other hard surface to cause a spark)? If you can respond to all of these questions that would be great.
1446: How are the gametes different from other cells in the body?
1447: When you tilt a bottle of water over, why does it come out slowly, bit by bit.
1448: How does the endocrine system work in regards to nutrition and metabolism?
1449: Who made the atomic bomb?
1450: How does lightning and thunder form?
1451: We were learning about electric cars, and the need to charge them up. I think that if you have a coil and a magnet, you can create an electric field. Is there any way you can put a coil around the axel of the wheels of an electric car, put a magnet by it, and charge the car that way?
1452: What in your oppinion is a great 6th Grade Science Fair Project?
1453: How many Carbons, Oxygens, and Hydrogens are there in Photosynthesis?
1454: I was wondering what Science Fair Project you gave the highest scores to?

Thank you for taking your time to look at my question.

1455: I heard somewhere that scientists have found evidence to suggest that particles seem to disappear randomly and others seem to appear randomly. If this is true, what kind of particles are disappearing and appearing, and where are they going and coming from? Is it to out there to suggest that if whole particles can disappear and appear why a small organism couldnt appear or disappear?
1456: Hello, I am Sabrina and I am in 8th grade. I'm doing a science fair project on decomposition. My project is a mini landfill and I will be placing different items in the two different landfills which one will have normal dirt from a garden and then in the other potting soil. But I am having a problem with measuring decomposition I have no idea on how to measure it. So my teacher told me to come here so can you please help. Thank you.
1457: Why does a pop can implode if you boil some water in it and then flip it upside down quickly into ice water or really cold water?
1458: What characteristics enable seed plants to live in a wide variety of environments??
1459: Are adults or teenagers more reliable eyewitnesses? Who has the better memory?
1460: Is there an equation which calculates how long the moon is visible on any given day/night at a given location, if we know where we are, which day it is and which phase of the moon it is?
1461: What color does blood turn when under water at 40 feet?
1462: Please explain to me how you could use a physical property to test the purity of a silver coin without damaging the coin?
1463: What is the difference between the brain of a teenager and an adult?
1464: How does memory work?
1465: Is it true that knowledge can decrease memory accuracy?
1466: What kind of activities do developmental psychologists do to research about human development?
1467: I measured insect respirometry in Carbon dioxide ppm and I'm looking for an equation to convert that into oxygen.
1468: What are the differences in the process of fission and fusion?
1469: How do mountains form?
1470: Do we know any other life forms in other planets or galaxies?
1471: What is a lattice?
1472: What would happen if there was no air? for example in outer space?
1473: We created a vacuum and placed a balloon in there and the balloon continued to expand until it exploded. Why did it expand? Is it due to the lack of pressure in the chamber?
1474: Which colors absorb the most heat? Why is this? Does a bright color like yellow absorb a lot of heat?
1475: How does heat affect molecules?
1476: Why do we get pimples?
1477: What is past the Universe?
1478: I need a suggestion on what to do for a project it can be on earth,life, or physical science aslong as i can test it at home.
1479: Hi how are you? Well I was just wondering if you think that making my own lava lamp would be a good science fair project? Thank You!
1480: If cockroaches can withstand extreme radiation, then why is it that they can't live through certain pest spray?
1481: Whilst on holiday in the Verdon Park in France, in February, my wife and I saw a line of 27 Caterpillars all moving very slowly nose to tail across some stony ground about 1000m up in a forested mountain area. If I could find a way of making an attachment I would send you a photo. We would like to know what species they might have been and why they should be behaving in this way. What advantage could it be to their survival that they move in a line like this? Many thanks for your help.
caterpillars's_picture
1482: If the earth cracked and the molten lava seeped in to outer space would it orbit around another planet? Or would it harden under extremely low temperature?
1483: Is it possible to detect if global warming is affecting the Santa Inez River?
1484: What are bathroom sinks made from
1485: How do you create a programming language?
1486: I have heard that placing an object such as a spoon into the neck of a champaign bottle will keep the champaign from going flat. Is this true? If so, why does it work?
1487: Has a planet or a star gone into a blackhole?
1488: What result happened because of the big bang and how has it changed our galaxy forever?Also what is the big bang theory and why do scientist believe this happened and what happened during the big bang?
1489: Some honey are very expensive while others can be quite cheap,which supposedly corresponds to their respective quality.

How is the quality of a particular honey determined?

Some types of honey crystallize after some time.

Has the tendency to crystallize any relation to the quality of a honey.
Are there any way to reduce or prevent a honey from crystallizing?

1490: What is the life cycle of a small star and a massive star after the red giant stage? Also, do you have any interesting facts about star's life cycles?
1491: Does radiation cause mutations
1492: What happens if you take all the air out of a space?
1493: I have to test the performance of the pivoting strategies when the matrix being factorized is banded. Therefore I have to generate a random matrix with band with p and dimension n. How could I explain errors and the growth factors? What can produce using different strategies the amount of fill-in? What will usually happens, what the worst that can happen? Thanks a lot.

What can I notice about the errors and the growth factors of LU factorization? And how are they related? How could I explain these to some one? Thanks

1494: I am trying to find a device that will function essentially as a four pole switch that will toggle itself 8000 time a second, with throughput of about 5 amps and voltage of about 40 volts. Also if the frequency of the device can be changed, possibly by hooking it up to different oscillators, that would be a bonus. What is this device called and where could I get one or build one? Thank you.
1495: We were doing an experiment with vinegar and some fossils. We poured the vinegar on the fossils and they fizzed. In about an hour we saw whitish crystals, some were slightly rusty colored. We wondered what this was and what caused it.
1496: To whom ever this may concern, I have a few questions regarding geology: 1)I am curious as to know what types of rocks are metals found in? 2)What plant or animal MATERIALS are likely to form fossils? 3)The majority of rocks are composed of what types of minerals? Thank you for taking your time to answer these questions.
1497: I'm doing a Sciene fair project on the northern lights. Do you know if there are any expiriments that a 6th grader can do relating to Aurora Borealis?
1498: I'm doing a science fair project on magnetic reversals and their effects on animals . Is there a simple experiment that I can do to represent that?
1499: How do ocean swells form?
1500: How are we able to obtain Manganese nodules? What are nodules?
1501: How does tidal fluctuations effect starfish?
1502: How does hail, sleet and snow form?
1503: What are sonic waves? How are soonic waves created?
1504: Is there an easy experiment on fulgurite I can do? If you can, can it be safe? Is it impossible for me to make fulgurite?
1505: Does music have any effect on plant growth, if so why and how?
1506: How do we turn ocean water into drinking water?
1507: How do tsunamis form? What are some signs that a tsunami is coming or if one is near? What should you do if you are at the beach and a tsunami approaches?
1508: How do wheather satellites work?
1509: 1.What makes the wind? 2.How do we make wind into energy? 3.What is good and bad about Wind Energy?
1510: I am doing a science fair project on space robots. I am trying to find out if space robots work better powered by batteries or solar panels. Can you suggest any experiments I may be able to do to come to a conclusion?
1511: What machines are used in the process of mapping the ocean floor? Where is the ocean floor mapped from? Is mapping the ocean floor dangerous? Do civil engineers have anything to do with mapping the ocean floor? Thank You!
1512: Does temperature affect the received solar energy? Does it matter if it is hot or cold as long as there is the same amount of sun energy?
1513: Can an eclipse help or destroy the Earth in any way?
1514: Why isn't Pluto a planet anymore?
1515: How much education do experienced senior physicists need?
1516: Hi! We have been studying animals and I am researching beetles. I am wondering if all beetles have suction cups on the bottom of their feet? Thank you. I hope to hear from you soon.
1517: We are learning about cnidarians and their nematocysts. My question is: can they sting each other?
1518: Is obsidian toxic? I know that it is currently widely used as a blade tip for surgical scalpels because they can get the obsidian blade so sharp, but would obsidian inside of the skin cause any sort of posioning effect? We are looking into using it as an alternative to stainless steel.
1519: How many moles are contained in the following at STP? I have 22.4L of N2. Do I have to convert to get from liters to grams then to moles?
1520:

On a walk that we took in the mountains (about 1000m - 1500m) of the Verdon National Park in France, in February, in several places we saw a clump of what looked like light green leathery shells. They looked a bit like pumpkin seeds or big lentils. They were about 1cm in diameter. Sort of disc shaped. In a clump there may have been 30 or 50 of these "shells", loosely stuck together in a kind of clear slime that looked a bit like saliva. Some of them appeared to be opened that is two halves (upper and lower) of the disc had split away from each other. Often they were lying on gravel in the sun and were not hidden under any vegetation.

I regret that I did not take a photo. I have searched the internet looking for photos of lizards' eggs, as I thought this is what they might be. However I am not at all sure. If you have any wildlife expert who could tell us what these might have been I would be very grateful.


1521: I know why algae are different colors but how does their color affect their function?
1522: What dinosaurs lived the longest?
1523: How much higher were the levels of CO2 in the atmosphere in the times of the dinosaurs?
1524: Were there more plants and trees in the invironment when the dinosaurs were there?
1525: What does a compass do at the North Pole?
1526: I am actually a parent asking this question. My daughter's class is studying space and we went to the astronomy day at the museum last week. I personally have an interest in buying a telescope. I found what appears to be a quality scope at a good price, but is it a good enough scope? Which is a better deal? A 6" reflector telescope with an aluminum stand for $185 or a 8" reflector telescope with a steel stand and motor ra for $485? Is the 2" difference worth the extra $300?
Thank you

1527: Does the endocrine system contain organs?
1528: On the endangered species scale, what does "EW" stand for?
1529: What is global warming causing?
1530: Thank you for the reply.... The telescopes I'm looking at are on ebay. They are both sold by the same company and are the same brand of telescope. They are Newtonian, Baytronix short tube reflector scopes. If you have the time / energy you can easily find them by logging on to ebay and search for telescope. Each scope has the list of specs and someone like you would know the meaning, but its foreign to me. When I went to their other items for sale I found the motor for $50 (if it is the same one) so perhaps the money is in the larger mirror like you said. Is the larger field just to make it easier to find your target? It appears the difference in magnifiication is 1000 vs 1400. Is that a lot?
1531: On the conservation status thingy, how many of the species does there have to be considered each level of endangered-ness?
1532: Sorry about so many questions (answer all them at once, if you want), but I am just naturally curious. Where does a spider get its silk? Because when I read "James and the giant peach," the spider said she was "running out of silk"
PS-I love your web site!!!

1533: Hi, I have several questions regarding essential oils. Please answer as many questions as you can that is within your expertise. For each of the following naturally occurring oils:
Citronella ,eucalyptus,cinnamon leaf,nutmeg,clove,rose,jasmine,lavender
a) How easy is it to produce each of them chemically as compared being extracted from natural sources?
b) How effective are the chemically produced ones for each of them compared to the ones extracted naturally? Are there any harmful effects using the chemically produced ones?
c) In the market ,if one does not know the origin of a particular oil, how likely are each of them to be produced chemically as compared to be natural?
d) Apart from laboratory tests, are there any other way of distinguishing between the two?
e) When the lid is taken off a bottle of the oils, the oil evaporates to fill the room with its aroma. But after sometime, no more oil evaporates unless one stirs it. Why is it so?
Thank you.

1534: A cement compound CaO.Al2O3.10H2O gives certain peaks when using the powder diffraction method. The compound now increases its water of crystallization to become CaO.Al2O3.11H2O. Will the diffraction pattern obtained be basically the same as the former, with only a slight difference, which corresponds to a slight increase in the d spacing? Or will the diffraction pattern be an entirely different pattern?
1535: Why don't we just swich to all nuclear power? What are the negatives? (Besides it is dangerous)
Do any scientists disagree that humans are in fact the cause of Global Warming, and that global warming is due to high CO2 levels?

1536: Why does gravy get skin on it as it cools?
1537: How does the universal balloon demonstrates the way that astronomers believe the universe is changing?
1538: Does the temperature of water affect its ability to fight fire?
1539: We have alder trees at our school. I got some cones and broke them and got some seeds. I want to know how to germinate the seeds. What do I do with the seeds to grow them? Thank you
1540: If the glaciers are melting, the rivers flow to the sea, and rain is freshwater, are the oceans getting less salty over time or is there some sort of process that changes the fresh water to salt water?
1541: How many times can one sheet of paper be recycled?
1542: Why does a marshmallow expand when there is no pressure
1543: 1. Why don't hurricanes form in the north Atlantic? 2. In the northern hemisphere, do hurricanes move clockwise or counter clockwise? 3. What two celestial object cause the tides on the moon?
1544: A group of students and I have designed, funded and built an alternative energy unit. This unit consists of a solar cell and a wind generator (PMG). We are attmpting to determine which method of alternative enregy production is best for our local area. We are trying to measure the voltage produced by each device, along with a voltage drop across a shunt resistor to calculated the amperage from by generators. With these two quantities we are able to calculate the power each produces. We are using Vernier Softwares LabPros and LoggerPro 3.4 on a laptop PC. Our problem is that when more than one voltage probe is connected, the readings that are recorded are bogus. When only one voltage detector is connected, the readings are spot-on. We have worked with Vernier and tried several different voltage probes. The same results. We believe the problem is the common connection through the LabPros. There is no one negative ground. How should we change our detection circuit to get good readings. Please see our website for pictures and details. URL: http://www.spring- lake.k12.mi.us/AltEnergy/AlternativeEnergyIndex.h tml. Thank you for your help.
1545: Is there proof that there is CO2 and H2O on Jupiter?
1546: How does your hair keep growing?
1547: We have a quick question regarding geologic time. I have always been taught that the San Andreas fault came around approximately 14.5 million years ago. My students recently came back from a Death Valley geology trip and said that the San Andreas Fault is approximately 28 million years old. I'm assuming that the onset of the fault was 28 million years ago and maybe it hit Santa Barbara area 14.5 million years ago... Could you tell us the ages of the San Andreas Fault? Thanks! Laura :)
1548: Can food coloring dye contact lenses? And if it works,can it be toxic to eyes?
1549: Bryce's history teacher was talking about the atom bomb the other day and mentioned heavy water was used to make it. She asked her students if anyone knew what it was because she didn't know what it was. So, what is heavy water? Is it naturally occurring or is it man-made? Is it only used with the atom bomb or does it have other uses?
1550: Let's say that a particle with no charge/neutral charge such as a neutron makes contact and is affected by one of any of the fundamental forces (gravity, electromagnetic, weak, strong) Will the contact between the particle and force be able to change it's charge from a particle with no charge to a particle that has a charge such as a protons or electron? If so, what forces would do that to what particles?
1551: How can we get fossil fuel from under the sea bed?
1552: How does a prism reflect light into the colors of the rainbow? I know it uses refraction, but how is it actually refracting the light through the prism and seperating the colors from the white light?
1553: I have heard that it is impossible for a human being to survive breaking that speed of light. Is this true? For example, a man on a spaceship going at the speed of light.
1554: How does anesthesia make you not feel anything?
1555: Why dont most people have blue eyes?
1556: How were planets made?
Do planets grow?
Why are the planets round like a sphere?

1557:

Is there a speed/time relation? In other words, if I were were moving at half the speed of light, how much time (or "negative" time when moving into the past by traveling faster than light)would pass on Earth?

Can you put that into a graph or formula?

Example graph:
1/2 C per minute = ? (time on earth)
Full C per minute = ? (time on earth)
+ 1/2 C per minute = ? (time on earth - or "negative" time)
etc.
Example formula:
1/2 C per minute = 100 years on Earth
So, Full C per minute = 200 years on Earth
etc.

1558: I have heard that if you travel at the speed of light you have infinite mass, but what if you have an infinite gravitational field around you to keep you intact?
1559:

I have read that the theory of relativity is based on two postulates,
1- that the speed of light in a vacuum is constant and not dependent on the source or the observer and
2- that the mathamatical forms of the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems.

But the speed of light is not a constant, for example, at time zero it was 10 billion times faster than it is today (the speed of light is decreasing/decaying) and that the laws of physics do not work in black holes, how how can it be correct?


1560: I have read that nothing can move at or faster than the speed of light, based on the theory of relativity. Yet I have also read that there is no physical law preventing anything from exceeding the speed of light, for example, scientist have accelerated light pulses up to 300 times their regular velocity, so I could move faster than light? Is Einstein wrong, but even if he is, would his theory's effects of light travel still take place (infinite mass, etc)? Which is true, can they both be true?
1561: Can quantum erasers be used for erasing the past, for example, could they be used in a time machine to undo what you just did to how it was before and "leave without a trace"?
1562: What is a faraday cage? How can I build one?
1563: I have tried to unify vacuum Buoyancy and antigravity, maybe from sources like dark energy, (basically, that dark "stuff" is just a vacuum that causes antigravity - like the lift in vacuum buoyancy) is my theory supported by any facts that you know of, if not, what disproves it?
1564: Lets say that an object was in the way of a beam of light that was moving torward the object, would it be okay to say that instead of the light moving at the speed of light, the object is moving at the speed of light torward the light? If so, would it cause any time dilation or time travel effects?
1565: I have heard that if you travel faster than the speed of light you will travel into the past, but what if you slow light down to, lets say, 38mph, and you move at 40mph, is time and light "intertwined", so will the same principle apply when you slow light down? will you travel into the past?
1566: I have heard that there are two main theories to the evolutionary origins of life, RNA first and metabolism first, can you give me some information on both?
1567: I have heard that scientists have already produced synthetic materials that reproduce. How do they do that? By what materials? In what conditions? What is their shape? Can you give me some information about that?
1568: If there is a sickled blood cell in your blood stream, what would happen to your body?
1569: How can we tell how old rocks are?
1570: If a photon were to be contained and left alone with no other interference like magnetic fields, radiation, etc. Would it decay? If it would, why? (Dont photons move at the speed of light?)
1571: If photons are energy or have energy, how can they? Isn't that impossible because they have no mass? E=mc2
1572: What is a tachyons rest-mass, at what speed does it move, and with what energy?
1573: What is a photons rest-mass, at what speed does it move, and with what energy?
1574: How do you calculate rest mass for mass/massless particles? How do you calculate energy compsumtion for a mass particles as it is accelerated faster and faster up to the speed of light, or faster? For massless particles? For tachyon-type particles?
1575: Since light is very efficient at "twisting" space and time if a suitable spacecraft were to travel into a very concentrated light beam would it experience any time dilation effects?
1576: Since light is very effective at "twisting" space and time if a suitable spacecraft were to have a very concentrated, spinning, sphere of light around it, would it be able to "twist" space to travel at or faster than light, kind of like Alcubierre warp drive?
1577: Is there a formula to determine how big of a "dip" the spacetime fabric will curve due to gravity given the mass/density of an object such as the earth or the sun? If so, what is it? Could it be used to determine the "flexibility" of the spacetime fabric and/or how fast it moves?
1578: Can gravitational waves be "ridden" on? Can gravitational waves cause time dilation?
1579: Would it be possible to enter the atmoshphere safely without the use of a heat shield? How could that be done?
1580:

I hope you are doing very well today. I really appreciate you taking the time to answer my questions, you have helped me a great deal on my research. I have always hoped that I would find someone like you and the others at ScienceLine to answer my questions, your answers have been very satisfactory. Again, I thank you for taking the time to help me.


Thank you very much!

What is the energy/speed formula? In other words, given the mass of an object, how can you calculate how much energy you would need to accelerate it to a certian speed?

Why is it impossible to get the square root of a negative, or divide by zero, etc... Why do you get an imaginary number? Shouldn't it work out the same way it does for possitive numbers?


1581: If a particle with rest-mass were to, in theory, travel at the speed of light ,would its mass actually be infinite, or just very, very, very, large, just like it would supposedly take an infinite amount of energy to accelerate the particle to the speed of light in the first place? How can you calculate this?
1582: Hello! Good Site! Thanks you! yauzblerpnrir
1583: How does the sum of the charges on the positive ions compare to the sum of the charges on the negative ions in ionic compounds?
1584: I want to either be a vet for marine mammals or at least work with them. Is it better to major in marine biology or zoology? [Also, is there such a position/need for a marine vet/what would that entail?]
1585: What are scientists who study fossils called?
1586: Will a human be able to survive breathing ionized air?
1587: Is it possible to make a gravitational well by concentrating the gravitational waves emitted by an object spinning in a circular orbit at a single point, if the object moves fast enought?
1588: If a person had enought helium balloons to make a magnet weightless, to counteract the force of gravity, then could you see it interact with the earths magnetic field?
1589: Lets just say that someone built a time machine, would he (or she) be able to time travel back to a time before the time machine was invented?
1590: Is it possible to glide on the earth's magnetic field, or to have it support a spacecraft? If so, how?
1591: If a person were to stay inside a hollow, high- mass object, will time pass slower for him? Will he experience any gravitational pressure while in the object?
1592: Light, like gravity, is very efficient at bending the spacetime fabric. How powerful of a beam, or sphere of light would you need to have to bend the spacetime fabric into a 1g well? Actually, what I am really trying to say is: Is there a formula to figure out such a problem like the one above?
1593: Since light is electromagnetic radiation, would it be possible to send magnetic charges on a beam of light, or some other way using light?
1594: Since black holes make an infinitly deep gravitational well, is it okay to say that it isn't a "well" to some extent, but instead a "hole" in the spacetime fabric?
1595: Will a faraday cage make you invisible to radar? if not, what will?
1596: I have heard of some experiments on antigravity being done with high-mass spinning rings, and that it supposedly reduces the weight of an object above it when in action, is there any science to support these claims?
1597: Do sharks get sick?
1598: I have heard of a particle that scientists have a hard time studing because it takes a lot of energy to separate from each other, yet very little to bring them together, what are these particles called, how, or why, do they work in this way?
1599: Why cant information be sent faster than light? Couldn't you just increase a photon's speed by using some sort of electrical or magnetic fields, and send the information that way?
1600: By how much is a ray of light bent and slowed down when it passes by the earth at certian angles and distances?
1601: How does a levitron work, how can I build one? Would it be possible to build a levitron large enought to be supported by the earths magnetic field? Would it have to be transported there or could it lift off from ground level if it had enought power to overcome the force of gravity with the electromagnetic force?
1602: Are directional magnetic fields, like directional sound-speakers, possible?
1603: This summer there seems to be more rocks up against the cliffs at the beach and less sand. Also the tides seem to be higher, rarely on the minus side and usually plus 3 - 6 feet. Is this usual?
1604: I know how long it takes for light to reach us but how long does it take for heat to reach earth from the sun?
1605: What are the three branches of life?
1606: I am a retired person and I have a question. How many miles the NASA space ship has to travel to get out of Earth?
1607: I would like to have a long life enough to see the smash of the galaxies. If by that time humans still exist, what will they see or feel as the first symptoms of the crash?
1608: Around mid august 2007 there was a dark line or shadow that went from horizon to horizon across the sky. It went through the middle of the sun as to divide the sky in half; it was around 11:30 am and it only lasted a few minutes. What was this? What caused it? Note from ScienceLine moderator: (Seen at Madisonville, KY)
1609: Why do the masses of pennies vary over the years?
1610: Lets say that I know how much time dilation will occur at a certian speed, using that, how will I be able to calculate the amount of gravity needed to cause the same amount of time dilation?
1611: How would it be possible to produce the strong nuclear force?
1612: Does everything really "freeze" when time stops?
1613: Could you explain a black hole's singularity? What would be the circumstances in which a person could create one artificially, probably using artificial gravity - so we dont have a super large gravitational well?
1614: Lets say that a person was spinning around and around in a circle, as a consequence the centripetal force applied gives him/her the effect of gravity and weight, but could that person counteract that effect by being in a hollow hight-mass sphere, will those effects be balanced out in the center of the hight-mass sphere, does it depend on the size, ect... of the sphere?
1615: Why almost people in Europe have blue eyes and blonde hair? Thanks.
1616: Why is the inside of a car hotter than the outdoor temperature on a sunny summer day?
1617: Why do Hexane extracted lipids from diatoms look yellow-brown (like a light beer)?
1618: Do cells have brains?
1619: What would happen if a red blood cell was damaged?
1620: What would happen if a skeletal muscle cell were damaged?
1621: When you put a balloon filled with water over a flame such as a candle, why doesn't the balloon pop or burst?
1622:

We have one koi and about 14 fish that are comets or goldfish in a swimming pool converted to a pond. They are about 5 inches or so long at about 1 year of age. Very robust and active. Four of them are basically white. Of the four, two have some deep orange spots naturally on them. I just noticed today that the white on the fish is turning a washed out yellow/orange color. They were seemingly pure white before. Now fins and head particularly are turning organish. I'm worried about their health. One website that sells koi food says this is due to liver function. Can that be correct? If so, what do we change? We are feeding Tetramin and a special koi food.

We are in Hawaii so the temperature is in the 80's. Full sunlight on the pool. The pool is about 15,000 gallons with deep areas at 8' on one end. The water is not filtered, aerated or treated in any other way and is very green as my husband is under the impression that it is a large enough body of water to not need extra care. We have two water hyacinth plants in with them. The fish eat the fish food, algae and bugs that fall into the water. The comets/goldfish we bought were sold as feeder fish" and we put them into the pond when they were only a few inches. They are now robust in girth, about 5 long in the body and very active. But I wonder what this symptom may mean in terms of nutrients and water quality?


1623: What is one characteristic of a good question?
1624: Since material objects (basically energy) create a gravitational "force" and that gravitational force can be detected, then would it be possible to gain that energy (of the material objects) from gravity? (To create another, exact gravitational field).
1625: Could you use an existing gravitational field (for example: The Earth's) against itself? (For example, changing the direction of the field, ect...) If so, how?
1626: How does quantum entanglement work? What does it do? How could it be used or "generated" (produced)?
1627: Is there a formula or equation or proccess to figure out the thrust, lifting capacity, etc... of a rocket by burning hydrogen and oxygen given certian values/variables, ect...? If so, What is it?
1628: When you are in a gravitational field, for example, on the surface of the earth, gravity pushes down on the surface and the surface pushes back - equally and in the opposite direction, so why is gravity not balanced out to cause no gravity at the surface?
1629: Is it safe to eat snow?
1630: Could you help me in understanding what do I get from Na (+1) + O (+2) =?
1631: What is the Earths thinnest layer?
1632: What tool is used to record earthquake waves?
1633: If you are using a plant for phytoextraction of metal in the soil, how would you seperate and measure the amount of metal in the soil and in the plant?
1634: Why can fire spread very quickly in a forest?
1635: Are organic or inorganic fertilizers more effective?
1636: A person carrying a heavy bag normally finds the impact of the weight differently if he carries it in different ways. For example if he carries it by the handle or by a strap on the shoulder or putting the whole bag on top of his shoulder. Why is this so (as the weight of the bag is the same in all the cases)?
1637: What is the disease called when a child is born with no pain response?
1638: I will be doing an experiment that will show a balloon filled with air and a balloon filled with water over a flame. Witch one will pop first?
My first question is: Can you think of the importance of this in the wider world? Who else will care about the results, other than people who try to pop balloons? I was told that I also have to consider and think about natural water (lakes, oceans) and how their heat capacity might affect their surroundings (would those surroundings be warmer/colder than areas without large water bodies?).
My next question is: Will it matter how big the balloon gets when you blow it up or fill it with water?

1639: Why the heat from the Sun can enter the atmosphere easier than it can get off from it?
1640: What types of bacteria are found in the home: such as in the bathroom or kitchen?
1641: Is there a simple way of measuring the amount of lead present in soil or in a plant? I know there are lead test kits that tell whether or lead is present, but if you want to know about how much lead is present, how would you find that out?
1642: For my career, I want to study marine mammals, but I don't know what to major in. I have heard that I can get my major in Zoology and my minor in Marine Biology or vise versa. I just wanted to ask you what you think I should do and if you knew of any good colleges in Florida that offer those programs.
1643: I am participating in the Senior Project at my school and my topic is about the incandescent vs. fluorescent light and how it affects theatre in the future. I hope my mentor can help me with things like problem solving, job shadowing, interviewing techniques, and troubleshooting.
1644: What makes the sight of a specific color create a specific emotion in a specific person?
1645: Is there any energy/force formula? In other words, what is the formula to find the energy produced by the gravitational attraction of two objects? What are some ways that energy could be used or stored?
1646:

Hello, i am doing a project on gel electrophoresis and just had a few questions.

-What is the basic process?
-What is it used for? What fields?
-How is the gel prepared/made?
-How are the DNA segments tracked?
-Could the average person conduct their own gel electrophoresis experiment?

Any answers to any of these questions would be greatly appreciated.

Thank You

1647: What physical ailment can happen to the red blood cell?
1648: What makes the banana spider silk so strong? What makes up the spider silk?
1649: Can you extract atmospheric CO2 in order to reduce global warming? If so, how would you do it?
1650:

Hi! Thanks for answering my questions.

Lets say two weights are on a board, and their weight is balanced by a log, under the board at the center between the weights. Naturally, if one side of the board is unbalanced it will slowly fall to the ground, making the other weight rise up higher into the air, what are some ways that someone could do that same experiment "wirelessly", in other words, without the board but simply having that energy exchange between the weights be "wireless"?


1651: Do jellyfish sting or attack other jellyfish?
1652: Does life science always have to be about life or can it be about something else?
1653: What is sodium?
1654: What is oil made of?
1655: Why do fiber make you go to the bathroom?
1656: How do you create synthetic elements?
1657: To make genetic mutations do you have to change DNA or RNA? Why?
1658: Thanks for answering my questions! How would it be possible to transfer energy wirelessly? Energy such as kinetic energy or gravitational energy? Any information would be helpful, I really hope you can tell me how or where I can get information to be able to transfer those types of energies, or in what types of situations that could be done.
1659: Can plants move from one place to another?
1660: How does Photosynthesis help animals survive?
1661: Since quarks are much smaller than atoms, and parts of an atom consist of quarks ,why is an atom still the main building block of matter?
1662: Why is chromatography useful in the separation of photosynthetic pigments?
1663: How many years are required to have a zoology major at UCSB? I have looked everywhere on your website and I still can not find how many years of schooling it is to obtain a zoology major including the required pre-biological sciences major. Thank you for your time!
1664: How do electric eels produce electricity?
1665: What are all the types of acid? What is the strongest and how is it made?
1666: How does a blue ring octopus kill a human being?
1667: During the continental drift, every year a plate splits 2cm, so if the continents split like that, where is the plate? Will it come soon? Why isn't it separating the ocean?
1668: Can animals like cats and dogs even comprehend something like math? I heard a story once about a horse that could stomp it's hoof as many times as the number you held up with your hand, but it turned out that he could just tell when you tensed up and would stop there. I also heard this theory once that there was nine dimensions other than the three dimensions that we see and that it was impossible for the human brain to even comprehend it. I'm just curious if animals with less developed brains than us can or can't comprehend some of the advanced things that our brains can. Thanks,
1669: Whats the difference between an Alkane and an Alkene?
1670: What do you get when you mix lithium with astatine? Is it used commonly? What for? Thank you.
1671: How can you indentify an index contour in a topographic map?
1672: What is useful of a topographic map?
1673: Would minerals be significantly different in different parts of the universe? For example, if one element was liquid here on earth and therefore did not completely qualify to be called a mineral but was solid on another planet, would it be considered a mineral or not? Why or why not? Would that affect how we define minerals? Are there any examples that you could give me?
1674: Does the position of the rock material in the earth affect the type of mineral that forms, for example, the density of the material and therefore forming different minerals? Are there any examples that you could give me, or certain test results?
1675: Where do the properties of minerals come from, apart from the elements that create it does its formation process or its surroundings affect the mineral's properties? What are some examples?
1676: Do minerals play any significant role in the creation and evolution of life? For example, which minerals would more likely be favored than others to create life or to be used by life? What are their roles? What are some examples?
1677:

Thanks for answering my questions from before, I have some questions about minerals and I was wondering if you could help me out.

How can so many different minerals (about 3000) form from the same basic elements on earth (about 20)? Are the majority of minerals made from combinations of just a few elements? Which ones?


1678: At which wavelength does maximum Photosynthesis take place?
1679: How do your lungs get black after you smoke?
1680: When you fracture a bone, what happens to the bone?
1681: If you put a mento mint in diet coke, would it really blow up?
1682: Why does a transistor radio wrap in foil get quiet?
1683:

My teacher wants to know why there is yellow snow. Not because of animals either. Can you help me?Thank you.


1684: Since most oceanic food chains depend on upwelling to get the nutrients into the light zone, how do the fires in southern california affect the same food chains with all the nutrients that are blown out to sea? Then upwelling or not there is a sudden flood of nutrients in the light zone. Hello to my fellow grad students.
1685: I understand that when a sun begins to die and starts to expand to red giant or supernova the protons have too much great forces acting upon on them that they touch too many protons that they are repelling so much, yet they barely can even push because another atoms are squeezing the protons. Basically the proton needs to escape to somewhere. But how do they escape the sun and where do they go to?
1686: I am teaching ionization potentials and we are doing a lab with Ag(7.2574 volts), Cu(7.724 volts), Mg(7.644) and Zn (9.391 volts). The voltages are from the handbook of chemistry and physics. Here's the question why is silver nonreactive in a solutions of Mg(NO3) 2, Cu(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3)2 when according to the voltages it should be the most reactive. Thanks
1687: How do you illustrate a metallic bond? I understand covalent and ionic bonding, but can't visualize metallic bonding. Thank you
1688: How does the air temperature affect the size of a balloon?
1689: Why do youn cry when you are hurt or sad?
1690: What will happen to our Nervous System if we have lost our ability to see?
1691: Why can we be paralyed from the waist down after a stroke?
1692:

I am a general science teacher at Righetti High School.

My students were wondering what the effect the hole in the ozone layer has on the environment. Does this have any effect on global warming?

Thanks!

1693: What is the chemical composition of fire retardants used on clothing?
1694: Can you tell me how space can be a limiting factor for a population? Can you give me some examples?
1695: Are there skunk problems in Santa Barbara?
1696: Do skunks get accidentally killed?
1697: What impact do skunks have on humans?
1698: What are the skunk's worst enemies?
1699: Are skunks bothering people in Santa Barbara?
1700: We learned that we can find gases in water. Can we ever find plasmas under water?
1701: What are the most common chemical compounds found in fabric softeners?
1702: If an astronaut died in space, would he decompose? (no bacteria but what about radiation?)
1703: Is a strand of hair stronger than a strand of steel the same size?
1704: What type of bridge is built the most? Which design is the strongest? How are they tested? What materials are the strongest? How much planning goes into the design? How often are bridges checked? How are different bridge designs selected?
1705: My class & I have been talking about global warming and the effects it has on our climate over time. Recently, NPR, a National Public Radio station did a story on carbon sequestration in Norway. We are wondering what the long term effects/possible hazards will be of this. Could this solve our global warming problem? What would happen if all of a sudden all this carbon dioxide were to escape? Any information on how this process works and the effects on the environment would help, too. Thanks!
1706: If you attempted to create a soap bubble, by blowing air into soapy water, would it form if you did this inside a vacuum? What would happen?
1707: How does weather effect human emotions?
1708: We learned that breast milk helps develop immunity in infants. Do these antibodies (from the mother) stay in the baby's body for his or her entire life? Or does the immune benefit only last until the baby develops its own immune system? Also, if a baby hypothetically breast fed from multiple women, would he or she develop a more comprehensive immune system?
1709: I heard that antibodies are passed on from mother to child. Do antibodies get passed on through more than one generation? I mean, even if I breast feed my future children, will they still be missing out because I was not breast fed myself?
1710: I am doing an exiting project on absorption of water and pine. Where can I find some research about this topic?
1711: Currently our class is learning about centripetal force. In a recent lab, a model airplane was attached to a spring scale and the plane was set into a circular motion. Once this was done the weight of the plane appeared to increase, however it was just that more force (centripetal force) was acting on the plane. Here is where the question arises. The plane appeared to have weighed more, but when a person sends an object into circular motion (for example swinging a hammer in a circular motion and then throwing it) the object appears to the thrower to be lighter. Why when the object "weighs more", does it feel lighter when being thrown?
1712: How long does it take a rocket ship to get to the moon, and how fast will the rocket be going?
1713: How many days does it take to go from Earth to Jupiter?
1714: How did the asteroid belt form?
1715: How many moons are there in our solar system? Are the other moons of different colors and sizes than our moon? Are there other interesting facts about the other moons? Have any other moons been visited?
1716: Why is Pluto so little? Is Pluto made out of rock? Is Pluto an asteroid or a planet?
1717: Where are mature T lymphocytes after disappear the thymus?
1718: How can the sun stay togther if its made out of gases?
1719: Why nerve cells can't reproduce?
1720: Why are you not crushed by atmospheric pressure?
1721: If a person is subjected to a certain amount of radiation whenever they fly, how is it safe for airline pilots to fly every day? I also heard that some people say airline pilots can be considered "radiation workers." What does this mean?
1722: If light reflects off an object and that is the color that we see, how does a projector (like an LCD projector) send light to a screen to bounce back to our eyes?
1723:

Hello! Thanks for helping me before with my questions, I am wondering about the possibilities of time travel, and my teachers can't help me. So, here it is:

If, theoretically, some one was able to travel faster than the speed of light, thus, theoretically, traveling back in time, would it be possible to get those effects or results gravitationally? In other words, instead of reaching a certain speed to reverse time, the person stays in a very large gravity field to do that time dilation. So, if you had a large enough gravity field could it actually reverse time, doing the same thing as if you were traveling faster than C? If not, why? If so, why/how? Is there a formula to calculate that? Could it be done using an artificial gravitational field?


1724: I have heard that the speed of light is absolute. But, what about if you are (theoretically) traveling at the speed of light, will light be going the speed of light faster than that? Why is the speed of light absolute, how does it work out?
1725: Why is it more difficult to steer a bike when your hands are close together on the handle bars?
1726: I would like to know the name and more about the law that says that "energy can never be created or destroyed, just transformed from one form to another".
1727: How can light pass through transparent solids like glass and clear plastic?
1728: How do all the electrons absorb the light and then release the the light in the same direction? Is that a characteristic of the materials?

Thanks so much,

1729: We understand that the temperature of the thermoshere gets as high as 1700 degrees celsius, but if you were outside in the thermosphere it would feel cold... or you would freeze. Is this true? Why is this?
1730: Hi. i am currently a freshmen in high school. i am very interested in the veterinary field. i would like to major in veterinary internal medicine. so that would make my career choice as a veterinary technician specializing in internal medicine. i was wondering what courses i would have to take and if this UC offers them.
1731:

Hi! Thank you for helping me with my previous questions, I was wondering if you guys could give me some insight on the following.

We all know that electrons create tighter bonds between, or in, substances. Electrons are found in electricity, as a matter of fact, electricity, or an electric current, is basically a stream of electrons. So when talking about something like ionic or metallic bonds, if you were to pass an electric current throught a substance, most likely a metal like copper or metal foil or of some other sort, would that significantly increase the materials strenght? I have heard that metallic bonds do contribute to somethings strenght and many other things. If not, why? If so, could the phenomenon be controlled, for example, increasing or decreasing the additional strenght of the material by increasing or decreasing the electric current passing throught it? How could I produce this phenomenon in a safe experiment, how should it be designed? How significant would the increase in strength be given the metal, could I calculate that? Would I get the same results as passing electricity throught a material if I simply charged it with a given amount of electricity/electrons? What metal or other material would be the best to use? Is there someother was I could increase a materials strength besides this way?


1732: I am doing a Science Project about how the use of paint affects the formation of rust. I plan on getting several different types of industrial metals and painting them with different types of paint and primer. Then soaking them daily in salt water. I was wondering if I could get a mentor to help me with this. Please and Thank you
1733: I want to be a vet that works with sea animals only, what would that be called? Could you email me some info on being a vet that only works with marine animals?
1734: Do you get different cells everyday?
1735: Do Siamese twins share the same brain cells?
1736: Can you be alive with no cells?
1737: I am studing the effects of ethylene on fruit ripening. I found an experiment that requires Potassium Iodide(KI) and Iodine(I) to make a stain for the fruit. I can't find the Potassium Iodide anywhere! Can you help??? I need to get going asap. Thank you for your help. Madison
1738: what is the distance from earth (sea level) to the edge of the earths atmosphere?
1739: Hi! I am working on a science fair project for my chemistry class. My question for my project is: How does concentrations of Pseudontzchia, the phytoplankton found in seawater that can produce domoic acid affect intertidal invertebrates? Would you use a plankton net to collect seawater samples of phytoplankton and other organisms? In my experiment I am thinking of taking the pH levels for each quantity of seawater to test the acidity of each sample I take. Do you know anything about domoic acid and its relationship to phytoplankton? I have found a few research sources on the subject in regards to domoic acid but not enough to help me experiment.
1740:

As the Science Department Chair at the Dunn High School, I would like to cater our lab report style to that of the majority of UCSB undergraduate science courses.

Do you have a standard format for written lab reports?

For example: Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Discussion)
or

Pre-lab Questions, Purpose, Hypothesis, Relevant Equations, Apparatus, Procedures, Raw Data, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, Post-lab Questions

I would appreciate any feedback you can supply. Thanks,


1741: How can a skin cell change to a nerve cell?
1742: One day I read this article and it said that cow farts are the number 1 cause of global warming is that true? If so, why?
1743: What are the definitions and functions of operational computers, diodes, transistors, transformer to an fm component?
1744: How come whenever I go round and round in a circle it looks like I am going very, very fast, when really I am going very slowly? It is so strange. I very much want to know! So, if you have an answer please send it to me. Until my next question, good bye!
1745: When I mix Cayenne Pepper and cinnamon in hot or cold water, after it settles the pepper and cinnamon gather into some kind of goo. What is that?
1746: Is there any scientific evidence for the existence of Pegasus?
1747: Does the speed at which an object is moving affect its gravity?
1748: What are the effects of the nuclear forces on space-time? In other words, I know that enough gravity effects time dilation, and probably a strong enough electromagnetic field would do the same, but what about the stronger forces, gravity is the weakest of all of the forces, but what would a stronger force (the nuclear forces) do? Would you need "less" amount of nuclear force to do the same time dilation as an electromagnetic field would do? How could I calculate that?
1749: How do all people dream?
1750: Hello, I am starting a science project and I am interested in algae. I had one question though, what do algae do that is beneficial to marine life or the enviornment? Thank you, I look forward to hearing from you.
1751: I am starting a science project about the different environments to grow up mushrooms. Do you know where can I get the mushroom spores and how long does it take for them to grow? I really need your help!
1752: Are there any known organic substances that are anti-carcinogens?
1753: What is the likelihood of an organic sunscreen actually being effective and marketable?
1754: Are any of the chemicals in commercial sunscreens known or suspected to be dangerous to humans?
1755: How would a professional scientist test the efficiency of organic sunscreens?
1756: What would you use as a substitute for human skin?
1757: What types of cancer does sun exposure cause?
1758: How do marine invertebrates decompose in the ocean after death?
I am working on a science project related to taphonomy and the decomposition of soft bodied invertebrate ocean specimens inside of alcohol jars for laboratory research.
Could you help me?

1759: How do animals decompose?
How do the cellular tissues break down?

I am working on a science project related to taphonomy and the decomposition of soft bodied invertebrate ocean specimens inside of alcohol jars for laboratory research.

Could you help me?

1760: I want to apoligize for being so late to respond to your message, but I would like to thank the kind scientist for the answers he provided for my previous questions, and all of your help too. Thank you. I also need some insight on the following, I suppose I have to ask a question because this is where I am supposed to do it: I know there is a formula out there used for speed or time dilation or something like that, it has been reffered to when people say 'when you go faster than the speed of light, time passes backwards' I was wondering if you guys knew of such a formula, it would be helpful. Thanks again for those previous answers.
1761: I am doing a project and I wanted to test how does dioxin affect the burrowing speed of a mole crab. I Know dioxin is really toxic, but I was wondering if we could work with it or not. If not, do you have any suggestions on another product or pesticide, something that is harming or is in the ocean that may affect the speed? Thank you very much
1762: What is a Satellite ?
1763: I have heard that (theoretically) one could travel into the past by moving faster than the speed of light. Again, I do know that to our current knowledge moving faster than light is impossible, but for the sake of the example lets say that it is possible. So anyway, if you were to travel faster than the speed of light, wouldnt time "move" backwards for YOU? If so, then how would you be "traveling" into the past, in general?
1764: If someone got sucked into a black hole what would happen to them? Would they fall and fall or would they hit something? If they hit something what would they hit?
1765: Is Pluto a planet or a moon?
1766: Are you smarter if you have a bigger brain?
1767: how does a boy/girl get different sex organs than each other
1768: Why do people have tissue to support their bones and joints?
1769: How does the sun move around the planet?
1770: What does offspring mean?
1771: What does genetics mean?
1772: What does DNA mean?
1773: what is the adaptive value of algae having different pigments?
1774: Why the same poles attract in magnets?
1775: How do the areas of sunlight in the two hemispheres change over the year?
1776: I want to feed different snakes dead rodents and time the difference in time of eating. Is this too gross?
1777: Why is the Earth more like a Sphere than like a Cube?
1778: We are studying electricity in Physics right now and I was wondering how a three-way light bulb works. Does it require more electricity for the birghter level of lighting? Are there more cells involved or is it just the way the bulb is made?
1779: I have some bismuth metal, but it doesnt seem to repel from magnetic fields. So I was wondering if I need a stronger magnetic field or more bismuth, how can I calculate the diamagnetic force caused by bismuth? Any information would be a big help.
1780: What is a chromsome and what does it do?
1781: What helps cell divide?
1782: How many times a day does a cell divide?
1783: How did the sun got created?
1784: Is there life in outer space?
1785: Will astronauts ever be able to land on Mars?
1786: How do scientists know how long the sun is going to survive?
1787:

Hello,
I have a very bright 8th grade student who asked me something I can't answer.

If one were to put some sort of mechanism underneath a big rock that converted the pressure of the rock against the earth into electricity, then how is that not some sort of perpetual energy source? The gravitational potential energy is not changing if the rock is not moving; yet the pressure it exerts must be a kind of energy that can be theoretically converted into electricity, no? The gravitational energy does not "wear out" in this situation... so isn't that a perpetual energy source?

I'm just not sure how to answer his question. He and I both think we understand the basic concepts of gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy. Any guidance you can give us on answering his question would be most appreciated. thank you!


1788: In order to combat global warming, would it be possible to electrolyze carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to produce oxygen and stop the greenhouse effect?
1789: My class was reading a story on the sun and they told us an exact temperature of the sun. How did they get the temperature of the sun if it is to hot to even get near it?
1790: Hi Ram, Thank you very much for the information that you gave me. But sorry it took so long for me to write back. But the information has been a big help and has allowed me to correct and improve my experiment. Once again, Thanks. Fineas
1791: I was wondering why images look magnified when you look at them through water?
1792: What is some evidence for evolution?
1793: Where did the energy for Pangaea come from?
1794: If energy is destructive then how did the "big bang" make the earth?
1795: I am a Mechanical Engineering student and I want to know simulation process of robots. Could you help me with knowledge about the hardware connections?
1796: There has been a lot of studies to show the numerous benefits of taking soybeans. However, there are also claims that taking a lot of soy may cause tumour in the body and may make a man more feminine. To what extent are these claims true?
1797:

Hello, I am doing a Scince Project experiment and our question is:

How does Atrazine, a herbicide, affect the burowing speed of a mole crab? - basically we are putting mole crabs in a small aquariam with 1.5 Cups of Sand and 1.5 Cups of water, and so I wanted to calculate 5% of that to put in 5% of atrazine, but then we realized it would be too much, so now we are going to do 1 ml of atrazine, but how do we state it 1 ml per 3 Cups of enviornement- the sand and water- or 1 ml per liter? Thanks, I would appreciate your help.


1798: How did water come to exist on Earth? (origin of water)
1799: We are currently learning about rocks and the rock cycle. We are wondering how diamonds are formed. Does it have anything to do with coal? Also--what exactly is a kimberlite? How are diamonds formed in these? Is there a specific type of tectonic boundary these are formed along? What types of elements are included in order to get different colors of diamonds? Linnea, also in our class, wants to know if diamonds really are a girl's best friend but I tried to set her straight in front of the class. I also informed her that diamonds aren't really forever. :)
1800: I went to Goleta Beach today to pick up some kelp for my science lesson this week. I found some really neat holdfast at the end of a mass of kelp! I cut it off to take that home. I have attached a few photos of it. Could either of you tell me more about it? It makes sense that the holdfast would be on the ocean floor. But I wonder about the shells attached. Do either of you know what kind of sea creature that this type of shell is from? These shells are also all over the beach. Is it typical for shelled sea animals to be underneath the holdfast of kelp? I'm interested in doing an inquiry type lesson with my class (for social studies) in addition to my science lesson, but I'd like to know more about what I found. This structure is very interesting!
1801:

Hi! I hope everything has been going well. I need some help on the following:
I want to calculate the amount of force on a NdfeB magnet. The amount of force on each particle (or atom) in the magnet is 0.000000000065024 newtons. to calculate the atoms in the magnet I did: grams/10.811 (10.811 is the atomic number of boron) which equals 37.85958746. Next, I multiplyed that by avagadros number: 37.85958746 times (6.02214 times 10 to the 23 power)and I got 2.27995736 times 10 to the 26 power. when I multiply the number of atoms by the force on each atom I get about: 1.482656617 times 10 to the 16 power newtons. That is A LOT of newtons! I dont understand why I am getting so much for just a magnet. I dont know what I may be doing wrong. I hope you can help. Thanks.

Hello, I have some more information regarding my force problem: The dimensions of the magnet that I am using are: 1.5" by 3" by 3/4" This is how I got 6.5024E-11 N of force per atom: I used this formula: F=qv times B f= force q= test particle of charge, q at rest that point (proton, I believe) v= velocity of particle sin= angle of particle or B, in other words B = 12700 guass times (10to the power of -4 tesla divided by 1 guass) = 12.7 tesla, B= 12.7 tesla q= (proton) 1.60 times 10 to the power of -19 coulombs v= 3.2 times 10 to the power of 7 m/s angle= 90 degrees, or 1.57 radians The following are my calculations: F= [(1.60 time 10 to the - 19 power coulombs) times (3.2 times 10 to the 7 power m/s)] times 12.7 tesla = 1.60 times 10 to the -19 power coulombs times 32000000m/s times 12.7 tesla = 5.12 times 10 to the -12 power times 12.7 tesla = 6.5024 times 10 to the -11 power N = 0.000000000065024 newtons (on one particle).


1802: Does a car with a full tank of gas get lower gas mileage due to its added mass than one with say, a quarter tank of gas?
Could you explain this to me in terms of Newton's 2nd Law and the work-energy theory. Thank you!

1803: How did the people start talking and making the new languages of their own if they did not know from a long time ago how to talk?
1804: How many species related to dinosaurs are left in the world today, and where do they live?
1805: How come soy sauce doesnt freeze?
1806: I heard that in quantum physics there is something like 11 dimensions. How would you know if something is coming from a different dimension or something like that? What would be an example of something going through or coming from those different "degrees of freedom?"
1807: I think I heard once that Einstein once came up with a formula that showed how much gravity would be created if you had a certian amount of electromagnetic force. Obviously it would be very, very small. I think it had to do with some sort of anomalies when scientists were testing an "anti gravity" device. I could be wrong, but if that formula exists, what is it? I would like to know.
1808: Hi! How could I, (or what would I need, too) to make a relatively simple search engine of my own?
1809: I'm sorry if I confused you about the calculations with the force on the magnet. It turns out that they are inccorect. They are not compatable with the second question I asked you, about the formula to calculating the diamagnetic force created by bismuth. So, if you can direct me to any information or if you have a formula that I can use to calculate the diamagnetic force created by bismuth it would be a big help. I was wondering if I could modify a formula for calculating magnetic force and use that for bismuth, but you guys know more than I do, I would really appreciate the help. So, I guess my question is to put it simply, What is the formula for calculating the diamagnetic force created by bismuth? (at certian points in space taking into acount the magnet and its certian properties, the bismuths properties, etc...)
1810: Thanks for your help so far, but when calculating the diamagnetic force created by bismuth, it would be much easier (at least for me) to use a formula, or a couple of basic formulas to calculate the diamagnetic force. So if you guys have a formula that I could plug in all the variables into TO CALCULATE THE DIAMAGNETIC FORCE CREATED BY BISMUTH that would be a big help. Thanks for your help so far.
1811: Is possible to rid metallic bonds of atoms, in any metal, permanently or for any duration of time? And is it possible to reverse the spin of electrons, and if so, how?
1812: Why is it hotter at the equator than at the poles?
1813: What will happen when a fertilization occurs?
1814: What will happen when a fertilization did not occur?
1815: Hi! How can I calculate the magnetic force on an object, such as bismuth? Is that force on the entire object or on just one particle?
1816: Hi! Thanks again for the textbook. I have been doing a project refering to diamagnetism. I need to demonstrate diamagnetism in a experiment. I want to levitate, or be able to move, a sample of bismuth. I need information on how I can do that, on how I can calculate mathematically to lift a sample of bismuth. I could really use your help. Thanks.
1817: You said that "the mathamatics is not simple" in calculating the diamagnetic force of bismuth. For me, even if the math is not simple, I would prefer that I recieve (If it is possible) the math fundamental to the experiment that I am doing so I can do the math. It would be much easier for me. Thanks.
1818: Hi, I read an article the other day about an artificial retina that nanotechnologists have recently created. I really liked it and all, but I was wondering how something like that could work. My sister who is in college now told me about brain input and output signals that are recived from electronic sources, such as the artificial retina. How would a blind person be able to "remember" what they saw with the artificial retina? If the artificial retina does not have direct contact with the part of the brain that stores information, how is seeing something, and (knowing you have seen it) possible?
1819: Um, I bet this question is going to be common sense, but i have always wondered about it. How does something that is concrete, is it able to become an electronic file stored on a computer? How does a simple code make something happen on a computer?
1820: I live in Arizona where it does not rain very much. When it rains, I can hear frogs croaking. Where do the frogs live when it does not rain?
1821: (Scientists have said that all the ice in the north pole will be gone by the end of this summer) Will the ice melting this summer cause global flooding, will if affect the ice covering greenland, and will it affect the North Atlantic Current?
1822: Why is there so much oil in the middle east?
1823: If you fell in love with UCSB but want to be a vet, is UCSB a good place to tranfer to? I know that UCD has an undergraduate program for animal science and a graduate program. Would it matter if I transferred to UCSB instead of UCD, even though UC Davis is known for their animal science major?
1824:

Hi! I have a question regarding calculating the diamagnetic force:
You guys said "to calculate the diamagnetic force, use the magnetic susceptibility of bismuth to calculate the induced counter- magnetic field in the bismuth... the magnetization of bismuth will cause it to have a magnetic dipole that is opposite to that of the induced magnet." So, by my understanding you guys are saying that the magnetization of bismuth (which I can calculate by multiplying the magnetic susceptibility of bismuth by the strenght of the applied magnetic field) will cause the induced counter-magnetic field in bismuth? In other words: THE MAGNETIZATION OF BISMUTH WILL CAUSE THE INDUCED COUNTER-MAGNETIC FIELD IN BISMUTH? I CAN CALCULATE THE INDUCED COUNTER-MAGNETIC FIELD IN BISMUTH BY CALCULATING THE MAGNETIZATION OF BISMUTH? THE MAGNETIZATION OF BISMUTH WILL GIVE YOU THE INDUCED COUNTER- MAGNETIC FIELD IN BISMUTH, WHICH WILL GIVE YOU THE DIAMAGNETIC FORCE?

Again, you guys said "to calculate the diamagnetic force, use the magnetic susceptibility of bismuth to calculate the induced counter-magnetic field in the bismuth" DO I USE THE FORMULA TO CALCULATE THE MAGNETIZATION OF BISMUTH TO CALCULATE THIS TOO? Again, to calculate the magnetization of bismuth:I can calculate by multiplying the magnetic susceptibility of bismuth by the strenght of the applied magnetic field


1825: Hi! I have been using the following website to calculate the magnetic strenght of a magnet from a distance:
www.arnoldmagnetics.com/mtc/calc_gauss.htm
I would appreciate your opinion on the accuracy of those calculations. If you guys have other (possibly more accurate) formulas that I could use instead of that website, I would love to use them. I just want to make sure that the results from that website that I am basing my experiment on are accurate enought. Thanks.

1826: How gravity pulls exists? and How the concept of movement create magnetic pulls?
1827: Hi! I have a question involving one of Tesla's inventions: Tesla's oscillator, otherwise know as Tesla's earthquake machine. I was wondering if it could really work, and if it does, if it would be possible to protect yourself from its effects.
1828: Hi! I have been hearing a lot about a cool alloy: shape memory alloy. I know it can go back to its original shape when exposed to a certian temperature, but I was wondering, are there any alloys that do the same when exposed to a magnetic, or electro-magnetic field? By the way, how can one make shape memory alloy? Thanks for your help.
1829: How does ferro-fluid work? Do other ferro- materials behave in the same way? Could you make a material with the properties of ferro-fluid (except the fluid part) into the shape of sheet metal or something else, some other shape? Is a magnetic shape changing polymer basically a ferrofluid-like material?
1830: Hi! I have heard of this really cool "liquid metal" at liquidmetal.com, are there any publicly avaliable products of liquid metal?
1831: Hi! I need help regarding calculating the diamagnetic force:
If I am correct, (correct me if I'm wrong) then lets use the following example of a calculation of the magnetization of bismuth that will cause an induced magnetic dipole that is opposite of the applied field.
(magnetization = magnetic susceptibility * applied magnetic field strenght)
M = (-1.66 * 10^-4) * 1 tesla
M = -0.00166
(correct me if my math is wrong)
- How do I know or calculate the size of the sample of bismuth?
- How do I know when I have enough force to levitate or move the sample of bismuth?
- What am I supposed to measure
"M = -0.00166" in,
What units do I use?
How do I figure out the diamagnetic force (in Newtons) from "M = -0.00166" (to answer question two)


1832: Hi! I need some clarification on some information you sent me before:
M = -.000166 * H
and by defenition,
B = mu_0 * (H+M)
= mu_0 * (H - .000166 * H)
= mu_0 * 0.999834 * H
- What do all of the variables stand for?
- What purpose does the calculation serve, what do I calculate using the above?
- Is it the size of the bismuth sample... how do you calculate that?

1833: Hi! Have the strong and weak nuclear forces been unified with the electromagnetic force? How could that be theoretically done? Is there some sort of formula or equation for this unification as well?
1834: Hi! If you go to www.hyperphysics.phy- astr.gsu.edu/hbase/HFrame.html and click on condensed matter, then go to diamagnetism and check out the Table of magnetic susceptibilities, it states that Bismuth's magnetic susceptibility is -16.6, is that correct, is that equal to -1.66*10-4? Which should I use?
1835: Hi! Thanks for the answers. To answer your question (What is the density of bismuth?) The density of bismuth is about 9.80 g/cm3. Is that how I can figure out the answers to some of the questions I asked? (How do I calculate the size of the sample of bismuth, etc..?) I NEED TO KNOW HOW TO DO THAT! Also, when I am able to figure that out, about how strong of a magnet do you think I will need to propel, or levitate, the bismuth?

Also, because you said that the magnetization of bismuth is measured in Teslas, then how do I calculate the force (Newtons) on the bismuth from those calculations? I NEED TO KNOW HOW TO DO THAT! Thanks again for that information.

1836: Hi! How could I calculate the amount of bismuth needed, and the magnetic field needed (of the levitated object) to levitate the magnetic material above the bismuth? (This seems easier than levitating bismuth over a magnet)
1837: Hi! I'm having some trouble with the formula to find the force between the Bismuth and the magnet:
F = mu_0/2*M*A*H and figuring out the size and mass of the bismuth. Could you show me how it's done, so I can use that as a model for further calculations? The unit conversions and numbers are a little confusing and I want to make sure I'm doing it right. Thanks.

1838: Why do lizards do "push ups"?
1839: Hi! Thanks for the information. Previously, you said that to calculate the force betweeen the bismuth and the magnet, use the following formula: F=mu_0/2*M*A*H but then you gave me a different formula: F=magnetic field*magnetic susceptibility*surface area of magnet Which do I use?
1840: Is there a limit on how low a frequency of RF can be generated by interstellar processes? What is the lowest frequency ever detected in space? This question bears on an interesting effect I worked out about gravitational lenses. Thanks.
1841: Hello, I am a student in AP Environmental science at Agoura High school. I have been reading through the text book over the summer. I thought that rainfall was supposed to be higher on the ocean side of a mountain range but am finding that rainfall is higher in Agoura Hills than in Malibu which is just over the mountains from us. Why do we have more rain than Malibu?
1842: Hi! Thank you so much for the information to calculate diamagnetic force! How do you convert from tesla to amps/meter?
1843: Hi! When getting a sample of bismuth, apart from the samples dimensions, about how much bismuth should I use, should I use relatively little, or will I get better results using more bismuth? About how strong, and what kind of magnet should I be looking for for this experiment, where could I get those kinds of magnets that you would approve of?
1844: Hi! I know that you said that the mass of the bismuth doesn't really matter, but could I calculate - before any experimentation - the weight limit for a sample of bismuth based on the magnet's strength? How do I calculate that? Thanks so much for your help.
1845: Are you sure that the formula for diamagnetic force (B2/z=mu_0*p*g/x) is correct? I just want to be 100% sure so I can accurately calculate the force for the experiment, I don't want to do the experiment and find out that it was incorrect. Maybe I'm thinking this because you said you simplified it a little bit, and it seems like something is missing. If it is possible, I would like to know the unsimplifed version also, even if it is more complex. Then I could decide if it is within my knowledge to do, and I could also compare results from the simpler version of the formula. Thanks for your help, you've helped me a lot.
1846: We have liquid nitrogen slowly boiling away in a foam bowl. We put a penny into the liquid nitrogen. We see some vigorous bubbling around the penny. After awhile, the bubbling suddenly crescendos to a big burst, with sound and some splattering, before quickly settling down to quiet bubbling with small bubbles. What's this burst all about? I would have thought intuitively that as the penny cooled down and reached some equilibrium temperature the bubbling would settle down in a smooth way. Thanks!
1847: IMPORTANT Hi! You said the following formula was used for diamagnetic levitation: B2/Z=mu_0*P*G/X. But what specifically? I need to find the diamagnetic force created. And even if I find the values of B2 and Z, how do I use them to calculate the diamagnetic force? Thank you so much!
1848: IMPORTANT Hi! In the formula B2/Z=mu_0*P*G/X, B, the magnetic field (in teslas) is squared. In a real experiment, would I use the value of just B, calculate by (B=the square root of Z*mu_0*P*G/X) or B2, as it is represented originally in the formula? Thank you so much!
1849: IMPORTANT Hi! What is the difference between B, the magnetic field (in teslas) and H, the magnetic field strength (in Amps per meter) how do I tell the difference in a formula and when specifying the value of B or H in the result of a calculation - what do I put down, B or H and for what, how do I know? Thank you so much!
1850: What happens beyond an event horizon?
1851: Hi, Anthony. I hope you are having a good day. I would just like to thank you so much for the help that you have given me in answering and providing crucial information for my experiment. I cant thank you enought for what you have done. Once again, and honestly, thank you so much! - Fineas When I did the initial calculations for B^2/z=mu_0*p*G/x I found that the answer of mu_0*p*G/x was negative, but any answer of B^2/z will be positive. How do I solve this problem, the formula doesnt seem to work out?
1852: How does something implode?
1853: Why do balloons expand when you put soap in them and then in the microwave?
1854: What happen to the balloon when it goes higher up in the air? Does its size increase or decrease?
1855: Hi! I have been having trouble getting a formula to calculate torque for a spinning cone. Really, it is a spinning cone (it is spinning to create centrifigal force) with the cone part "cut off" it doesnt have the bottom point part, but instead has a flat bottom. So it is like a cylender with angled sides. Think of only the top half of a cone. I also need to know how to calculate work for the same situation. The shape is a cone, or what is explained above. Thanks so much for your help!
1856: My class and I are wondering about conceiving twins. They are wondering about the genetics of it. Does this usually go through the mother's side, father's side or both? What are the odds of conceiving a set of twins, either fraternal or identical? Do all identical twins share an amniotic sac or can they have separate ones? Thanks!
1857: Hi! I have a question regarding the magnetic levitation formula. I calculated than the answer for (mu_0*p*g/x)in the formula b2/z=mu_0*p*g/x. It is 726.49 T2/m. I was wondering, that means that b2/z also has to equal 726.49 T2/m. Does that insure that the bismuth will levitate? In other words, if I calculate that (b2/z) is less than 726.49 T2/m, then the bismuth will not levitate? It has to be perfectly 726.49 T2/m... or more? Thanks for your help.
1858: How long does it take to pickle an egg?
1859: How does a seed form?
1860: Does your heart really stop every time you sneeze?
1861: I need to find the volume of a stone but it is too large to fit into a beaker, and I have enough water to fill the beaker. How can I find the volume of a stone?
1862: If you take water in to space and open the container it is in will the water stay together and float?
1863: Hi! I'm still having some trouble with my torque problem. My cone-like object that I described before is rotating on its central axis at a constant speed. How do I calculate the torque and work for this situation. Also, does the mass and height matter, before, you didnt seem to use that in your formulas? Thanks for your help.
1864: What is carbon monoxide poisoning and why is it lethal to humans? What is the chemical reaction that occurs in the body when carbon monoxide is inhaled?
1865: What occurs at plate boundaries that are associated with seafloor spreading?
1866: How does noise pollution from traffic affect the environment? What animals does it specifically affect?
1867: Why is it that chicken meat is white, pig meat is pink, and cows meat is red? Does diet play a factor?
1868: Was the Santa Barbara Channel formed by a glacier or was it formed by plate tectonics? Also, how did it become so deep because I was told it might have been formed by Santa Clara river draining into the channel over millions of years? Thank you very much
1869: I was wondering if there was any way to split toxic, polluting chemicals into their constituent parts of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, and then maybe combine the hydrogen and oxygen to make water for the water crisis and use the explosion from that to power homes or machinery. I think it's a stretch of the imagination, but is there any way for it to be possible now or in the future?
1870: I noticed that this summer we had lots of sun in Ventura and very little red tide and wondered if there is a connection? Has this been studied? Hello to all of you grad students.
1871: Why do electrons flow so freely in water, is it possible to make wires/circuits with thin rubber tubes containing water, would those tube pass electrons faster?
1872: Will electricity act any different in space?
1873: Do we inherit our fingerprint traits? And when you get a cut or injure finger and it breaks the skin does your fingerprint "grow" back ? Or does it change?
1874: Why doesn't Elmer glue stick to its bottle?
1875: I am a dental hygienist that would like to transfer my skills to the doggie population. I am laser and ultrasonic trained. I am currently certified and an active hygienist working 2 days /week/. What additional training would I need to become a "doggie hygienist"?
1876:

Hi, my name is Vincent Siefe and I am a student at San Marcos High. I am currently doing a small repot on bitotechnology, within the subtopic of microbial biodegradation. Most of the books and sources I have found dive into too much scientific detail which I can't understand. So I have some questions.

1. I have found that microbes have been used to break down chemicals and pollutants in the earth. Yet can they be used for other environmental technological applications?

2. Do you know how these laboratory processes came about?

3. Could you recommend any sources?

Thanks for the help

1877: 1. What is the difference between biodegradation and bioremediation?
1878:

Is fire considered a gas or soild?

And how does Oxygen fuel fire?

Does it change the chemical reaction or is it the force of the oxygen that spreads the burning substance?

- Thanks!

1879: What is the "pull on sap"?
1880: Desertification is increasingly becoming more of a problem, is there a way to reverse it once the damage is done.
1881: The mixture of C2H2 and air is explosive if there is 80.5% of C2H2 (by volume). Write the same data in g/l (room temperature and pressure).
1882: I was wondering why CH4 and NF3 are "stronger greenhouse gasses" than CO2. My guess is that there are more bonds and it takes much more energy to break those bonds so they trap more infrared energy. The limit would be when the bonds break? thanks and hello
1883: Can olive oil be used more than once? Why?
1884: Wikipedia says NF3 absorbs 17,000 times more IR energy than CO2, so why? Is it about different vibrational modes again? Thanks
1885: What exactly are white holes, and how are they formed?
1886: Why is it that when you are driving in a convertible in the rain you do not get wet?
1887: Why do only Eukaryotic cells have nucleuses?
1888: Hi! I know that Faraday cages are good at blocking electromagnetic radiation and such, but can they also block magnetic fields? Thanks for your help.
1889: Where can I find age appropiate research on the effects of sand, pennies, and paperclips on water.
1890:

I was watching Modern Marvels and they were talking about things that used extremely high temperatures. On the show they showed something called a plasma converter. What it does is it uses very dense plasma at 30,000 degrees F to basically melt waste into its constituent atomic elements. It said that no matter how hazardous the waste is, it still gets broken down. They also said that it uses more energy, and that the byproducts are hydrogen and other gases that can be used to produce energy for the converter and the extra energy used for other things. It also creates an obsidian-like stone that has potential for a road base. I would like to know:

a. Is this being used around the world and to what extent?
b. What is being done to make this a more common use for energy and getting rid of waste?
c. What are the cons to something like this? Do they outweigh the pros?

1891: The presence of flowers in bedrooms has an effect on human respiration at night. Is it real? What is this effect?
1892: What are the main functions of the lymphatic system?
1893: What is the importance of water in seed germination?
1894: How carbon dioxide is carried in the blood?
1895: What is the technique of using artificial kidney?
1896: What are electrons made of?
1897: If our body is al atoms that vibrate, would cellphones, laptops and other electronics change our natural vibrations?
1898: If sound waves generate energy, is there any way to capture that energy (in places like airports, noisy cities, subways, etc) and use it as an alternate energy source?
1899: Our Physics class has recently been studying friction. We learned that the force of friction is dependant solely on the Coefficient of Friction and the Normal Force of the object, not on surface area. My question to you is this: if you have two small pieces of Velcro stuck together and two large pieces of Velcro stuck together, would it be harder to pull apart the larger pieces than it would the smaller pieces or would the force of friction be the same for both because it is independent of surface area?
1900: What could we do to clean non-point pollution sources? Is there any way we could clean some of the more obvious (i.e. runoff from golf courses)?
1901:

We are currently doing a research project on how the deposition of gold in California helped shape the history of California.

We are wondering how much gold & silver is left to be mined in California. I'm assuming it's a lot but I just can't remember how much. Also, Where are most of the gold mines in use currently in California, like The Mojave Desert?

Where is gold currently being deposited around the world today? I've heard, as a geology teacher, that it's currently being deposited in the Long Valley Caldera but are there other areas in the world?


1902: Do cells attack each other? If so,Why?
1903: I am trying to find the material that would best absorb a vehicle's impact with a cement barrier. To do this I am using a hot wheels car that does not have a crumple zone, therefore my results are being the opposite of what they should be. Is there some way to explain a foam barrier is more absorbant than a cement barrier, even though the hotwheels car travels back farther after htting the foam barrier than the cement barrier? This would not happen in real life because of the crumple zone. Thank you
1904: May transpiration in plants occur during night?
1905: In physics, when you are pulling an object along with a spring scale, and you are trying to find the static friction, Does the static friction result on how hard you are pulling the object? Is it that the harder you pull the greater the static friction/ the less you pull the less amount of static friction?
1906: Why is moss non-vascular?
1907: How does the way one dresses affect their impression on others and what experiments can done to show this?
1908: What exactly is plasma?
1909: Since water conducts electricity, if a persons entire body is soaking wet would that then make being struck by lightning make it more life threatening?
1910: What does the Flagellum help in a Prokaryotic cell?
1911: How do you know that the cells in your body are alive?
1912: Is plasma really the fourth state of matter?
1913: Theoretically speaking, if you were to travel to or near the core of the Earth, would you be heavier because the radius would decrease between you and the core; therefore, decreasing the radius in the formula Fg=Gm1m2/r2 and increasing the Fg?
1914: Can plant roots absorb CO2 that is in the soil?
1915: Does the ozone layer affect the gravitational field strength? If so, how?
1916: Why do volcanoes erupt?
1917: How do flowers bloom?
1918: Is eating glacial ice bad for you? I was told that if you eat ice from a glacier it will make you very sick as it has micro organisms in it. Is this true? Thank You
1919: What is the mechanical advantage of a 6-m long ramp that extends from a ground-level sidewalk to a 2-m high porch?
1920: Hi! I hope you are having a happy new year!
How can I calculate how much force (in newtons) a 1/2 in and 1 in thick steel (preferably stainless steel) can take?
Thanks for your help!

1921: How many years of schooling does it take to be a staff veterinarian?
1922: Why is there a reaction when one mixes Copper pennies and Nitric acid together? What is this reaction?
1923: How are rainbows created? How is rain created?
1924: "What is the evolutionary reason for people to be tickled?"
1925: Let me begin by saying that I'm not talking about the Goldilocks zone of life habitability on the planet earth, but rather human habitability here. The question is how far, or how close would we have to be to the sun to make our planet uninhabitable for us humans. Would 5,000 miles do it? 10,000.? Would it help to know the temperature of spacecrafts circling the earth and their various positions in relationship to the sun at different times as they circle?
1926: What happens to a marshmallow when the marshmallow is microwaved?
1927: Does plastic ever biodegrade?
1928: When baking, how does pam prevent dough from sticking?
1929: When putting your finger through fire, why doesn't your skin burn?
1930: How do volcanoes leave rich fertile soil for flowers to grow? If the lava hardens and turns into rock, how do flowers grow out of rock?
1931: Is it possible that the saliva can break down metals in your mouth, for example a tongue ring or a cavity filling?
1932: Is it the actual mold or the mold juice that is used to make antibiotics?
1933: What are the astronomical predictions for the year 2009? Regarding climate changes and the orbital position of planets.
1934: Do you believe that the theory of the Mayan Indians about the world coming to an end in 2010 is scientifically true? Is their any proof in the land formation or earthquake measures of a natural disaster in our future?
1935:

I'm an eighth grade student at La Colina Jr High and I am doing my science fair project on carcinogens that leak into water from the plastic bottle that the water is contained in, when the bottle is heated.

I am having trouble with finding a way to test for bpa or other common carcinogens in plastic bottles that I can do! It would also be okay if I could just identify a foreign substance in the water that wasn't there before.

Thank you very much for any information you can give me.


1936: I have two questions that both involve the concept of an exothermic reaction. A)why does a soft roll material need to be applied to skin before a cast or splint can be applied? B)After it is in place, why are nurses told not to place a recently casted extremity on to a plastic pillow for support before the cast is dry?
1937: Why do electrons only spin two different ways? What prevents them from spinning in other directions?
1938: Hi! I have a question involving some mechanical background. I was wondering where I could get a sort of "circular railing" mechanism. To go into more detail, there would be a rotating cylinder inside of a stationary outer circular part, with some sort of railing mechanism that would allow the cylinder to rotate inside of the circular part. The dimension would be decently large, the rotating cylinder would probably have a diameter of about 12-15 inches. Any info on some sort of "circular railing" mechanisms would be helpful, even something I could make myself. Thanks for your help.
1939: How do you determine which elements are synthetic elements? And what are the requirements for an element to be synthetic?
1940: What are the possible outcomes of the atom accelerator in France?
1941: If rust is found on metal, does acid eliminate the rust and if so what kind of acid?
1942: How does lemon juice produce electricity, or electrolytes?
1943: How do "ionic" hair dryers affect the hair, short-term and long term?
1944: What would happen if you froze a marshmallow and then tried to burn it?
1945: What would happen if you threw a human out into space without a space suit?
1946: Why do human beings feel pleasure when they hear music?
1947: I am doing a science fair project on ocean wave power and I would like to know: What are some of the things you can do to wires, motors, in order to be able to run electricity through them, so that I can put them in water without them getting damaged in any way. Please help me.
Thank you very much for any advice you can give me.

1948: What effect can a microwave have on DNA? (The myth that sitting on a microwave can change your DNA.
1949: Skeptics of global warming sometimes say, "Well, ice just melts" (Referring to the melting of the ice in the ocean and over green land). Considering that the great lakes were formed because of melting glaciers thousands of years ago in a time before cars and dirty factories a) Doesn't that mean in fact that ice just melts? b) What would have caused that ice to melt? c) Were there more volcano eruptions then than now?
1950: Is there anyway to make yourself dream more frequently?
1951: Are there known toxic environmental or human side effects of either producing or consuming artificial sugars?
1952: Recently, I was at Cedar Point Park in Sandusky, Ohio. While there, I watched the ride "Top Thrill Dragster", in which a train gets launched at 120 mph towards a 42-story hill. Many times as I watched, the train did not get all the way to the top. When this happened, the train was brought back down and reloaded, with the heaviest people in the front and the lightest people in the back. Why did they do this?
1953: Why do your ears and nose continue to get larger as you age?
1954: When riding a roller coaster at Cedar Point I noticed that some rides warn you that the roller coaster is not always able to make it all the way up the first hill and if it does not it will slowly come back down. I was wondering why this happens sometimes and most of the time the roller coaster runs smoothly. Thank You,
1955: How you scientists would define the words genes, genetics, and heredity?
1956: In the field of Genetics, what does it mean a trait and hybrid?
1957: I would like to know what is an allele?, what is a recessive allele?, and what is a dominant allele?
1958: How fast do nerves send signals to and from the brain?
1959: Why does your skin turn red when you get sun burned?
1960: Why do peoples hair change colors when the get older?
1961: Whats the original shape of a dinosaur?
1962: Why is it when you mix a white mouse with a colored one, it comes out with a different color?
1963: Does invisible ink have a chemical reaction? How does invisible ink work?
1964: How do trick candles work?
1965: Hi! I have a pretty interesting question to ask: Force has units of mass and acceleration (N). Acceleration, like that we experience on earth, can cause time dilation. So does that mean that when a force is applied to an object, it experiences time dilation?
1966: Why does a can implode when it's heated and turned into water with ice?
1967: How does the releasing of dopamine in the brain cause people to feel good?
1968: Which are the types of plate boundaries where volcanic eruptions can occur?
1969: I am doing a science fair project and my question is: "Do non-video game players have faster reactions than video game players? I was wondering if there is any way at all to improve your reaction time. If you have any information that you think will help me please answer to my question. Thank you!
1970: Why doesn't Europe have a cold climate more similar to that of Alaska and northern Canada?
1971: How do animals camouflage?
1972: What is the chemical reaction that makes pop rocks pop?
1973: What is dark matter and how does it react to common materials?
1974: Since we have problems with too much trash, but also water resources in California, my question is: Is it better to use paper napkins or to use cloth napkins and wash them? Which one is less environmentally threatening?
1975: How do dry chemical heatpacks work?
1976: Why can't you put pineapple pieces into jello?
1977: How does liquid affects a marshmallow?
1978: Imagine a toothpick on top of water. It is floating on the water but it is also supported by the surface tension of water. Which supports it first?
1979: Why do you have red blood cells couldn't they be any color or are they red for a specific reason?
1980: How could you know when a Tsunami is coming, how could you detect it when it could be days away or maybe hours?
1981: After swimming in a pool for an extended amount of time, your eyes burn from the chlorine. Why does putting milk in your eyes help the burning sensation?
1982: How is the light produced when an object is burnt?
1983: What is nuclear winter?
1984: What liquid works best in making invisible ink?
1985: Will the earth ever run out of Helium and if so will there be a way to make more of it or make something that will be used instead of it?
1986: If you try to get electricity fom a lemon is it from the acidity?
1987: What is a Galvonometer?
1988: Are polar bears being extinct and why?
1989:

I am a middle school teacher. Today I did a lesson in which students determined what their weight would be on the other planets in our solar system. We used a formula I found on the internet in another teacher's lesson Plan; the formula is:

Mass (weight on earth) x gravity (different for each planet) = weight on that planet.
The gravity chart I used looked like this:
Earth: 1
Our Moon 0.17
Venus .90
Mars 0.38
Mercury 0.38
Jupiter 2.36
Saturn 0.92
Uranus 0.89
Neptune 1.13
Pluto 0.07.

My students quickly filled in the chart and discovered how heavy they would be on Jupiter, how light they'd be on our Moon, and Pluto, and Mars and Mercury. Since they finished so quickly I asked them to find their Planetary Average Weight. We decided to throw out the Moon (not a planet) and Pluto (not a real planet anymore.) We found that every single student had an average planetary weight that was within one pound of their weight on Earth! I was in awe of this "co-incidence." I tried more weights, and the result was always the same: 8 planets, total weight on each, divided by eight ALWAYS equals Earth weight. So here are my questions:

What makes this true every time?
Is the fact that this is true the reason that Earth is just right for life?
Does our home planet have that magic gravity amount that is exactly the solar system average?
Do the planets acting together add up to the perfect gravity environment for Earth? Or does this formula have other implications?
I am very interested to know your response. Thank you very much.

1990: How does icy hot work?
1991: If one were to have a iron content in their blood, would they be more likely to become electrocuted or possibly would you have a worse effect from an electrocution?
1992: Are there centrioles in both plant and animal cells?
1993: Why do snails bubble when salt gets on them? do they die? if so why?
1994: How do sciectists know what chemicals are in a star?
1995: What chemicals are in MOST stars?
1996: What is the difference between the ecliptic line And the equatorail line?
1997: If you only expose a goldfish to light for 3-5 minutes each day, will the pigment be affected? If so, why is it changing, what color would it most likely be if it's an all-orange goldfish, and how would it change the pigment?
1998: We as humans have currently done a great bit of damage to the planet Earth. As an alternative way of disposing of garbage, would shooting large sums of trash into space be all that detrimental to the planet?
1999: I have heard several contradictory statements regarding the impact of wildfires on the environment, especially in our local Southern California Chaparral biome and Mediterranean climate. Overall, do wildfires cause detriment to the environment or do they act as a natural fertilizer and allow for biodiversity?
2000: What does R.A.D.A.R. stands for?
2001: Why does onions make you cry when you cut them?
2002: What causes food to become stale?
2003: What is gelatin?
2004: Why doesn't vodka freeze?
2005: Are your fingerprints on each hand the same or different?
2006: Do you inherit your mom or dad's fingerprints?
2007:

Maybe you could answer this question that has bothered me since I was at school.
If I stood on some scales situated on the exact North or South pole, would I weigh the same or less than if I were standing on the equator? Bearing in mind that centrifugal force would be acting on me on the equator but that the mass of planet beneath my feet would be more, which I believe means that the gravity here would be stronger!


2008: Where do Wild Wolves wander?
2009: When you mix corn starch and water together, how come the mixture feels like a solid at first but once you pick it up, it melts to a liquid? I did this activity when I was a kid and always wanted to know what made this happen. If you can write back that would be great. Thanks,
2010: How does spin affect the trajectory of a kicked soccerball?
2011: What do you think that the most detrimental cause of global warming is, and what do you think the best way to start to reverse it is?
2012: I am working on a desalination project for the science fair at our school. I need supporting quotes and am not sure what this is or where to get them. Thank you, Jake
2013: Why is it that alcohol can not freeze?
2014: WHAT DO IONS HAVE TO DO WITH THE DENSITY OF SALT WATER?
2015: WHAT DOES FLOATATION HAVE TO DO WITH THE DENSITY OF SALT WATER?
2016: How does invisible ink work? And why?
2017: How does the zink and copper conduct electricity?
2018: What are Soluble Chemicals?
2019: Is every single snowflake different?
2020: What geometrical shapes create structures that are both strong and light?
2021: I am studying the statistical distribution of the size of crystals formed in a cement clinker. I expected a normal Gaussian curve but it was more like a Y=1/X curve. Why is it so?
2022: Why is it that metals/metal objects are prohibited from being used in the microwave?
2023: Dear UCSB, My partner and I are conducting a science fair research project on Lichen and how it can be used to date man-made stone structures, Particularly Knapp's Castle in Santa Barbra. We were wondering if elevation affects Lichen growth?
2024: I am trying to attract bees to different colors (honey will be on the paper). What type of bees are in my area (Buellton, California)?
2025: Do you know of any software to calculate the area of morphology surface for cement in 2D?
2026: Dear scientists,
My question has to do with animal testing. One of the common reasons I hear for testing on animals (specifically dogs) is because they offer a good indicator for the effects of the make up for humans. However, why would dogs make good indicators due to the fact that they are a different species and that they have fur all over their face? Thank you for your time.

2027: Why can you only use lemon juice on Copper to clean it?
2028: Hypothetically speaking, if you were in a car going at the speed of light, what would happen if you turned your headlights on.
2029: If Darwin's theory states that humans evolved from monkeys, why are there still monkeys?
2030: Can a candle burn in zero gravity?
2031: How does the same thermos keep coffee hot, but milk cold?
2032: How can information travel through copper and glass cables without any of the information being damaged, and still all end up at its destination as an exact replica of the original copy.
2033: How much oxygen should a fish really "take in"?
What should the water temperature be?

2034: Are lithium polymer batteries dangerous? Why?
2035: How do Pop Rocks work?
2036: Hi! Thanks for your help so far. I have heard of a good way to connect two rotating parts, using a "press fit". I heard that there is a formula to calculate the deviation between the diameters of the two parts being connected, but have so far havent found it on my own. Do you know the formula? Thanks for your help!
2037: Why does R22 Freon get cold when it expands?
2038: Hi! Thanks for the information. I was wondering, what would Antarctica really look like if all its ice melted? What would the world look like if all of the ice at Antarctica melted?
2039: How much oxygen should a comet goldfish (comet feeder) "take in"?
2040: How many gill movements (gills moving "in and out") should a comet golfish breathe/do in 1 minute?
2041: Does calcium carbonate help fish live and breathe?
2042: Why does peanut butter remove gum from hair?
2043: Why when you drop a mentos into a coke bottle it fizzes and creates a fountain?
2044: What are the benefits of using vegetable based gas as opposed to using fossil fuel?
2045: I went to Lotusland in a School field trip and I saw a magnetic rock. It had several paper clips stuck to it. What makes the rock to be magnetic? Can you explain to me also how their atoms behave?
2046: What are some (elementary) mixtures I can do in the classrom with my students?
2047: How does LCD work in television sets?
2048: How can fetus or adult stem cells be used to develop organs? Have there been experiments conducted using stem cells? How can a stem cell be removed, without endangering the life of the fetus?
2049: Why is it that you use hairspray in attempt to remove ink stains from clothing?
2050: Which contains more oxygen, hot water or cold water? THANK YOU.
2051: What type of honey bees live in my area? What color are they most attracted to? Can they see color?
2052: Why when you use those gray art erasers do they clean themselves when you "shape" them?
2053: Is it possible to drink too much water, and if so, what will happen to the body, how will it react?
2054: I saw an airplane spreading a red material over the areas of the Jesusita fire. Can you tell me what is that material? How does it work?
2055: How does Nair work? What type of chemicals are used to remove the hair?(Nair is this type of cream lotion stuff you put on your legs and leave on for a few minutes then wash away with a wet towel...and ta da! No more hair! PS. It is pain free...unless you leave it on too long and you burn yourself. Thanks!
2056: Dear UCSB ScienceLine,
Just the other day I was watching TV an ad came up from the make-up Company, Revlon, where they were promoting 12-hour long-lasting lipstick. Yet, when my mother uses make-up it only lasts a couple of hours before she has to reapply it again. What's in the Revlon lipstick that's able to make it last so long?

2057: To Whom It May Concern:
Recently our AP Environmental Science class learned about innovative inventions such as plug- in hybrids and add-on devices to allow normal cars to run on standard cooking oil. Why doesn't the U.S. make efforts to convert cars completely to these technologies so that we will not have to rely on drilled oil?

2058: Have there been any dinosaur fossils discovered in ice?
2059: Can sharks see color?
2060: Does the center of a golf ball determine how long it will bounce?
2061: Why does helium alter one's voice?
2062: How much chlorine gas can be inhaled before it has a fatal effect?
2063: If absolute zero is the term for when all molecular movement stops, what is the term (if there is one) for when molecules move at the absolute fastest they can?
2064: Is there a difference when using an ionic blow dryer compared to a normal one? Also is there a difference when using a ceramic flat iron verses a regular one?
2065: Is it possible that all the continents will move back together and form Pangaea again?
2066: Why do some animals have actual babies and some have eggs?
2067: MAGIC SAND. It is sand that when under water is wet and shapeable, but when removed from the water is immediately dry again. How is this possible?!?! :)
2068: What chemistry is involved in fireworks? How are firework colors produced? How are heat and light used/created in fireworks?
2069: How do the stick on heating pads work if there is no source to heat it?
2070: Would I weigh less at the bottom of a mind shaft than on the surface?
2071: How do fluorescent lamps make so much light without a lot of heat?
2072: When coffee dries, why does it all go to the edge?
2073: If absolute zero is the coldest possible temperature, what is the hottest possible temperature?
2074: Why does a wet spot look darker?
2075: Dear scientists,
I have another question: many sun screens rant and rave how they are sweat resistant and waterproof. What chemicals make this function possible?

2076: I wanted to know at what point or phase we are in during the Suns 11 year cycle of minimum and maximum solar activity? And if we are at a maximum or minimum does it have any affect on the Earths climate? And lastly if we are at a maximum of solar activity could this be affecting our global temperatures and thus increase global warming?
2077: I am confused about how light works, and "invisible light" works. How do we not see certain types of light? Thanks!! -Samantha
2078: Is there any way to prevent genetic disorders such as Down Syndrom from happening?
2079: Is lemon juice a strong enough acid to clean or wear down metals?
2080: How do electrons and orbitals overlap to form molecular orbitals (consisting of sigma and pi bonds).
2081: I know that it is possible to harness some waste gasses, such as methane from landfills, as a source of energy. Is it possible to do the same with carbon emissions, thereby reducing emissions and producing energy?
2082: What is a hydrophobic, and how would you identify it (say you were looking at the ingredients on a Coppertone can)? What chemical reaction takes place when the hydrophobic wears off?
2083: When the earliest organism grew, did ti go extint after new ones grew?
2084: In the future what will humans most likely going to look like after evolution?
2085: How does hand sanitizer kill germs?
2086: Is there anyway that we can ensure the safety of genetically modified crops, while increasing the amount of nutrients for example protein or vitamins?
2087: What causes your voice to change when you inhale helium from a balloon?
2088: Why is it impossible to eat a spoonfull of Cinnamon?
2089: Why is it that if chlorine gas is so fatal, we are able to use it in swimming pools and allow it to come in contact with our skin, but it doesn't have a harmful effect?
2090: What do animals have,that we don't have?
2091: How are people able to harness the energy generated from waterwheels and turn it into electricity?
2092: Are cells a big part of our bodys?
2093: Why cant we breath under water?
2094: Why does graphite can conduct electricity and magnetite doesn't?
2095: Why does pure water not conduct electricity?
2096: Is there any element that could react with guitar strings that would change the tone of the strings, but maintain functionality?
2097: How does a henna tattoo work, and why does water make the stain fade?
2098: Which pole is colder, north or south?
2099: How and why does Static Guard work?
2100: I've been reading a lot about different changes people can make in their everyday lifestyles to ease their impact on the environment, but how many of them are really beneficial and how helpful are they really? For example, how beneficial is it to unplug chargers? Should we bother removing bottle tops from soda and water bottles before recycling them? Which is better, paper or plastic? And should we use paper towels in public restrooms or electric hand dryers? Is it better to drive with the AC on or with the windows down?
2101: Why doesn't alcohol freeze?
2102: Do Giant Japanese Crabs bite?
2103: Why is the sky blue?
2104: In the crushing can experiment, what is it that makes the can crush? Why is it when the can is heated, than droped into the water, it is crushed?
2105: Why do people say that the world is going to die (be destroyed)? (Note from Claudia: I think that Jacqueline is speaking from the Earth Sciences point of view).
2106: Why does the sky look blue?
2107: What is the venom type in a Western Diamondback Rattlesnake and what chemicals in the venom cause the body to practically breakdown?
2108: Why is it that peanut butter can get gum out of someone's hair?
2109: How does the Miracle Fruit make sour foods taste sweet?
2110: Why is salt put on icy sidewalks?
2111: How does a liquid bandage work?
2112: Why does human skin itch when it reacts with grass?
2113: What is the strongest acid? Against what surface/substance is this acid most destructive, and why?
2114:

Hi,
What are the pH levels of windex, backing soda, soap, mouthwash, tums, rubbing alcohol, hydrogen peroxide and laundry detergent.
Thanks


2115: Why does vinegar and baking soda react so that it blows up?
2116: What is it in glowsticks that make them glow when you crack them?
2117: Is it possible to develop any phsyical and/or mental addictions to the caffeine present in coffee? If so, what might they be?
2118:

I understand that after Ozone is broken down from the energy radiating into the atmosphere, O2 and atomic oxygen are produced. The O2 then eventually repairs with another atomic oxygen to form more Ozone. However, the presence of Chlorofluorocarbons apparently destroys the Ozone layer. When I looked at the reaction of the decomposition of Chlorofluorocarbons, I found that it was CF2Cl2 <--> CF2Cl + Cl, the atomic Chlorine pairs with an Ozone molecule, creating ClO3. This breaks down further into CLO and O2.

My question is, even if the chlorofluorocarbons are present in the atmosphere, it still provides O2 for more Ozone to be created. So, why is it a problem?

2119: At what depth does an object that is normally buoyant actually sink? Can this happen?
2120: I've heard that fruits and vegetables ripen faster when placed in brown paper bags rather than out in the open. Is this true? If so, why? Also, does the color of the bag matter? Thanks!
2121: How does chemistry and the structure and function of molecules apply to my life?
2122: How does disappearing ink work? Meaning how does the ink start out colored and turn clear within a matter of a few seconds.
2123: I saw a video on youtube about making solid water balls. This is the video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_RCEdXTWQ4c Why and how does this happen?
2124: Hi.

What is the pressure at the center of a planet? For example, the pressure at 3 foot depth measured from the earth's surface under rock would be approximately 2.5 pounds per square inch.

It is commonly accepted that the gravity at the planet center is zero, equal mass pulling on either side cancels out in the middle. If an object at the center has no weight, then it cannot push on an adjacent object, so there should be no pressure exerted.

I believe the pressure distribution curve looks like half a cycle of a sine wave, the part above the horizontal line on the graph, with the depth being the horizontal axis and the left side being the surface, peaking somewhere around 1/2 or 2/3 the radius, dropping to zero at the center.

Most accounts claim high pressures and temperatures at the planet center, with the pressure causing the high temperature. I theorize the temperatures are high not because of pressure, but because the planets still have not cooled off after being created.

I am not looking for a numerical answer, just an explanation of how the pressure can be anything but zero in a zero gravity field. An assumption I have made is the planet is basically a pile of gravel held together by it's own gravity, not a prestressed structure similar in construction to a prestressed concrete beam, where there would be stress in the middle regardless of gravity. Most accounts claim planets form from the aggregation of material so assume no pre-stressing elements in the construction of a planet.

thanks,

2125: It has been said that some polar bears spend part of the year on land in warmer climates. If this is the case, then why can't we move the polar bears that are drowning in the arctic climates, due to melting ice caps, and bring them to the land to adapt like some polar bears do year around?
2126: How does lightning make glass
2127: What are the pros and cons of using pesticides? Do the pros outweigh the cons? Are there safe and environmentally-friendly pesticides? Is it really better to only farm/purchase organic food?
2128: If hydrogen in of itself is combustible, why can we not power our cars directly from water?
2129: Reports are constantly being released referring to the constant destruction to our oceans that mankind is afflicting. Is this damage, for the most part, reversible? And if so, what is the single greatest thing we, as a people, can accomplish to ensure the integrity of our oceans? Must legislation be enacted? Or do we all simply have to do our part?
2130: If a balloon was put into a vacuum chamber, would the balloon explode? Would there be a different result if the balloon were filled to capacity rather than being filled just a little? Would the size of the chamber make a difference in relation to the size of the balloon? Also, what might be the outcome be if the balloon were made into an animal, etc. with two or more pieces to it?
Thank you for your time.

2131: Hi! I have a question concerning the properties of centrifugal acceleration and force: Lets say I have a sphere rotating in a circle inside of a spinning cone (it remains the same distance from the center of the cone at all times) Then, lets say you put some thing on that sphere, like a ring (ex. bearings that hold more balls together with a ring) or lets say you simply put a HEAVIER sphere into the cone to rotate alongside the first sphere. Now, my question is: would the heavier sphere rotate at the same distance away from the center as the first sphere (Both spheres are experiencing the same outward ACCELERATION) and would the sphere with the ring still continue to spin at the same distance? In my thinking, I would say yes, because both spheres experience the same acceleration, so they should stay at the same distance away from the center (the outward acceleration and gravity cancel out there - where they are rotating) I would say this because of what we see with gravity: (ex. mass does not matter, ACCELERATION acts the same on any object, but can produce a stronger force. (In the case of the spheres, the heavier sphere produces a larger centrifugal force) Am I right? Please help! Any info will be appreciated! Thanks!
2132: Hi! I was wondering how close a rotary object would need to be to another stationary surface (the clearance between the two objects) in order to make a watertight "seal" or space. Does it differ with different mediums (ex. not water but oil, or air?) Any info will be appreciated. Thanks!
2133: In terms of ice melting due to global warming, what would you say to someone who says that ice just melts and that we aren't causing it to. After all, the Great Lakes were formed by melting ice, and in a time without humans to pollute.
2134: Hi! Thanks for your help on my previous question concerning centrifugal force. I have another question about that: Assuming that one has a cone rotating at some speed on earth's surface, with gravity pointing directy down, would it be possible to have the same spheres that I talked about in my last question support a larger mass? LET ME EXPLAIN: So, you have your cone, and you have a few rotating spheres inside that cone, let's say 4 rotating spheres. Those sphere rotate inside of the cone where gravity and the upward accelerating of the cone cancel out. Now on those spheres is a platform that is allowed to rest on the rotating spheres. The rotating sphere rest inside carved out heim-spheres inside that platform, thus supporting the platform. NOW FOR MY FIRST QUESTION: would the spheres still rotate at the same distance away from the center of the cone? I think yes, because gravity and the upward acceleration of the cone still cancel out. AM I RIGHT? Now let's say a mass is allowed to rest on the rotating platform that is supported by the rotating spheres... Is the entire mass of the spheres, platform, and mass still "cancelled out" due to my thinking in the first question? Now for my last and most important question: What if a non- rotating platform and mass rest upon those rotating spheres, is the entire mass still supported? In ohter words, because the spheres rotate at a point in the cone where gravity is cancelled out due to the cones upward acceleration, the spheres do not have any more measurable weight. But would that still hold true for a non-rotating platform on the rotating spheres, and the mass on the platform? Please let me know. Any info will be accepted, sorry for this super-long question, but THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR YOUR HELP!!!
2135: I was wondering what the chemical name for water was. Is it dihydrogen monoxide?
2136: We are not students or teachers from a school, just from life, we just have a question we want answered. What happens when you open a can of soda in space?
2137: Hi! I have a question involving pistons... What is the average clearance, or space, between the piston of a car that moves up and down, and the outer part that the piston moves in? The clearance obviously must be small enought to provide an air-tight seal, but I also want to know what the max. possible clearance between two objects can be to still allow an air- tight "seal"? Thanks for your help! I hope to be hearing from you soon.
2138: Hi, Did you get these questions?

Would it be possible to make a clearance between two objects so small that it would prevent water from passing between those objects, essentially making the mechanism "water- tight?" If so, how small would the clearance have to be?

Would it be possible to make a clearance between two objects so small that it would prevent air from passing between those objects, essentially making the mechanism "air-tight?" If so, how small would the clearance have to be?

Thanks for your help!

2139: Hi! I believe I have a question involving pressure. Here it is: "You know when you have a straw, and there is some liquid in the straw, and you put your finger on top of the straw, the liquid stays suspended inside of the straw, no matter which way you turn the straw, the liquid does not fall out. So... Could this phenomenon be reproduced on a larger scale, or, does this phenomenon even exist on larger scales? How could I suspend liquid inside a container on a larger scale as it is done inside a straw? Thanks for your help!
2140: Hi! Do you guys know where I could get a fairly long or comprehensive list of liquids and their densities? Or if you guys have a list? I've been having some trouble finding a good list on the internet. Thanks for your help!
2141: What is the mean spacing between air molecules and what expresson relates the spacing to altitude?
2142: I and my friend are doing a report on one of the messier galaxies, M104. We have looked online and some sites say that it is in the Virgo constellation, and some say that it is not. Do you know which one's true? Thanks!
2143: AgC2H is explosive. Synthesis of an organic cmpd in presence of Ag salts leaves a residue whose mass spectrum shows an ion with m/e=132.9 but no other ions between m/e=130-135. Ag has 2 isotopes Ag-107 (52% abundance) and Ag-109 (48% abundance). Should the chemist be concerned the residue may be explosive?
2144: What happened to the tides when the Earths continents were all Pangaea?
2145: Can you suggest us a simple way of making a polymer in class?
2146: Are all polymers the same? If not, what is the Physics/Chemistry of their structure that makes them different?
2147: Do all polymers have the same decay time/process? If not, what makes them different?
2148: Is there any polymer with a long (infinite in terms of human life-time)decay time?
2149: What is the difference between recycling and reusing?
2150: What is the chemical/physical process to recycle a polymer?
2151: What would happen if you opened a jar in outer space and closed it, then brought it back to Earth. Would it explode, implode or nothing? Assume the jar is air tight and of basic 'off the shelf materials'-such as a mason jar.
2152: Hi! How are you guys? I need some help: Could you give me (or do you know where I could get) a list of about 5 or 6 (it doesnt hurt if there are more, though) immiscible liquids with densities that vary quite substantially from each other? (They would all need to be liquids at room temperature) I have had some trouble finding liquids on the internet that would REALLY NOT want to mix with each other for a density experiment. I need some liquids that would not mix, or mix VERY little even when they are shaken. Thanks so much for your help!
2153: If you were going in a car at the speed of light and threw something out the window would that object be going the speed of light plus the speed of the object? What would happen? We are assuming a car could go the speed of light which we know it can't because it has mass. Anyway--can you help us?
2154: Why cant I put trash in space and what would happen if I did?
2155: Hi! Thank you for your help on previous questions. I am still wondering about the phenomenon that is created in straws when one puts his/her finger on the top, and how those properties may be used in different applications. I now know that the diameter of a tube needs to be relatively small to allow the capillary forces/air to keep the liquid inside. Based on that fact, if I were to have, lets say, a solid cylinder, which would be allowed to rotate within a partial enclosure (think of a rectangular-type thing that would go around the cylinder across the middle of the cylinder, across the entire cylinder) The clearance between the cylinder and that enclosure would be very small, as the diameter of a straw is kept small. The clearance, lets say, is 1mm. Now lets say you add some sort of compartment to one side of the enclosure and fill it with water (SO ONE SIDE OF THE CYLENDER IS IN WATER AND THE OTHER IS NOT) Now you put your hand on the open side of the compartment (like you do on the top of a straw to keep the liquid inside) Would the liquid be kept inside, in other words, would the liquid be prevented from flowing thru the 1mm clearance between the cylinder and the enclosure due to the small clearance (much like the small diameter of a straw - to allow the capillary forces to work) and the "vacuum" provided by a person putting their hand on the other end of the compartment? Thanks for your help, it is sort of hard to explain, I wish I could provide an illustration, but I really need your help in figuring out if this application would work. Thanks!
2156: Hi! I have another question relating to the phenomenon that can be demonstrated in straws or small tubes (being able to contain liquids in those tubes by using "vacuum" and capillary forces). Here it is: In this example, lets imagine that a person has a regular straw. But, that straw is stretched outward in the middle to create a larger tube-like "compartment". Basically, the diameter of the straw is small at the ends but is much larger in the middle. Now for the question: Would such a change in the straw's shape or ability to contain more fluid prevent it from holding in that increased amount of fluid thru the use of capillary forces and a "vacuum" provided by putting one's finger on the top end of the straw? In other, simpler words: Would the straw still be able to hold in, lets say, water, if the amount of water was to be increased substantially due to the introduction of the larger, middle diameter, or compartment, of the straw? Furthermore, how could one determine the maximum amount of water weight that it could hold using capillary forces and vacuum alone in a situation like this? How much could the diameter be increased in the middle, how big could the compartment get, while still allowing the weight of the fluid to be supported by the capillary forces and the pressure of the air outside of the straw? Thanks for your help!
2157: Hi! Thanks for your help with previous questions. I have a question for you guys involving a compass and the earth's magnetic field. I REALLY want to be SURE about this answer. Would a compass spin around in circles if it were directly on the magnetic North Pole? If not, Why? If so, would there be a way I could reproduce that spinning in some sort of experiment? Maybe like putting the compass (or some sort of charged needle or pole) in a circular magnet... what do you think? Thanks for your help!
2158: Is there an existence of nothingness? Can what appears to be an empty container, actually be empty? Is there any possible way to have a unit of space that contains no air? No matter? Just nothing?
2159: Did people exist during the dinosaur times?
2160: Hi! Thanks for answering my last question on magnets. This question is sort-of a follow-up question: Are there any circumstances, or can you guys think of any ways, where a compass needle would spin in circles due to its interact with a magnetic field? Maybe if the compass was in a circular magnet or if the needle was slightly off-center to create some sort of net force? Your info is great, thanks!
2161: Do male and female grow at different rates?
2162: Which gender is better at math ?
2163: When you pop a balloon that is filled with air, is that an example of an implosion or an explosion?
2164: Hi! How are you guys? I have an interesting question that I am struggling with. Here it is: Lets imagine that you have a length of bendable tubing, and you put some water in it and connect the two ends of the tube, making it circular. Everyone knows that the water that you put into the tube will always go to the bottom part of the circle no matter how you turn your circular tube in the vertical position. But why, when you take a clamp and clamp the tube in one area, you can turn the tube any way you want and the water stays in the same area, even if you turn the tube so that the water is on top. It will not fall to the bottom like it did when you did not have the clamp. I did this experiment and am wondering: Why does the water always fall to the bottom when you do not clamp a part of the circular tube; but when the tube is clamped, the water can be made to stay anywhere? Also, can I replicate the behavior of the water when the tube is clamped, without a clamp somehow? Thanks for your help!
2165: Does your eye color affect your eye sight??
2166: I need to know the procedure for determining the amount of lead in a given sample of lipstick. I know it is like a microscopic amount .
2167: How does ethyl alcohol kill bacteria?
2168: On land all plants appear green, where as aquatic plants vary in color. Why do land plants have one photosynthetic strategy where aquatic plants use different light harvesting strategies?
2169: We need to test lead on slugs or some other form of invertebrates. How can we do that? What sort of behavior to look for? Lead is a neurotoxin, so we assumed the response to the lead would be some sort of behavioral problem like loss of appetite or less movement, but we are not sure. Thanks for your help!
2170: Hi! Hope you guys are having a great day! I have a question involving a recent experiment that I performed: What I wanted to do was to see if I could contain water using capillary forces, etc. in a "hollow, rectangular tube" (imagine a regular straw, but then making it into a square- shaped straw, and then elongating two of the sides of that square that are parrallel to each other to create a rectangular-shaped "straw") Anyway, I wasnt able to make the shape perfect due to the materials that I was using to create the shape. But it did seem to work fairly well, althought water did begin to slowly fall out of the tube when it was in the vertical position due to some air bubbles that I thought might of formed when I was taking the entire tube out of the water. The dimensions of the rectangular part of the tube were 0.5cm by about 1in or so, so I dont think the tube was big enought to prevent the capillary forces from keeping the water in. Do you guys have any idea why the water might be dripping out of the tube? Would you guys suggest making the tube more water/air tight or making a perfect recangular shape to prevent trapping air bubbles? Or maybe making it smaller? Any info will help. Thank you guys so much!
2171: Why are whales so big?
2172: Why are sea turtles almost extincted ?
2173: Can there be a warm/hot raindrop?
2174: Do air particles move faster when they are under pressure?
2175: How do antiseptic soaps work?
2176: Whose decision is it that our country uses the standard system and not the metric system? I find it confusing that almost every other country uses the metric system except for the United States. Why don't we? If our country ever did switch to the metric system, who would be in charge of confirming that change?
2177: In terms of physics, why was it thought that man couldn't travel faster than the speed of sound? Was it the theory of relativity? I can't find info on this anywhere. Maybe you can help me. What was it about the physics of sound that made scientists think that man couldn't travel faster than the speed of sound?
2178: How does lead poisoning affect the development of babies both while they are in the womb and after birth? Thanks!
2179: Hi! How are you guys? I have a question: How can I calculate the magnetic force at a given distance on a sample of ferrofluid? Thanks for your help!
2180: How do stain removers work? (2)
2181: How did Avogadro get 6.022X1023? And what was his constant? Is there a possibility that Avogadro could be wrong?
2182: When travelling from Earth to the moon, is there ever a time when you will experience ZERO gravity?
2183: How can I find out how much Chlorine and any bacteria has the water that we drink in our houses ?
2184: Can you explain to me Hess' Law?
2185:

The theory goes that mutation is the raw material for evolution. Existing sequences of DNA, some of which codes for functional proteins, other sections dont, have random changes in their nucleotide sequence over time, that may persist and dawn reproductive advantage onto carriers of that gene.

I know that changes in the nucleotide sequences of the same gene have been observed across species, like in the genes that code for polypeptides in cytochrome C and hemoglobin. Based on this evidence a sort of evolutionary time line can be developed to show how far back organisms diverged from a common ancestor by comparing the numbers of differences in nucleotide sequence.

In the study of genomes thus far, is there any evidence that suggests a related sequence of nucleotides that result in different functional proteins? Not all organisms have the same proteins, so wouldnt we expect to find that when we find a novel protein on the evolutionary tree, that the nucleotide sequence that codes for that protein would be analogous or similar to a the sequence for a different functional protein? I havent come across anything on this front and was wondering what the experts know. Thanks and I hope you have lots to be thankful for! Sincerely, Bret Klopfenstein Ventura HS

2186: How do you measure the different atoms in a human body since there are so many different types? Would you use the weight of the body to determine it?
2187: Can you please tell me the digestive timeline for protein, fat, and starch?
2188: What happens if a green leaves plant keep under a pure red light source for long time?
2189: How do mood rings work?
2190:

Some people say smog in Los Angeles and Mexico City is caused because C02 can't reach over the mountains surrounding the city. If this is true, then how is C02 able to reach our atmosphere and cause a green effect if it can't even reach over proportionally small mountains?

Also, what would be a skeptics argument against global warming?


2191: Why does the sun turn skin darker, but hair lighter?
2192: How do glow sticks work?
2193: What happens when you put a mento inside of a coke bottle? And why does it create a fountain?
2194: How does self-tanner work?
2195: How do Scientists calculate how many calories something contains?
2196: Can a cloud in the sky freeze?
2197: Is there any way to make fireworks brighter than they already are?
2198: Are whirlpools caused by the centripetal force vectors, which point toward the center? In other words, are force vectors that point toward the centipetal force a direct result of whirlpools?
2199: Hi! My question is when you make red velvet cake, what chemicals react to make the cake turn red. Is it the vinagar and the cocoa power? Or is it something else? Thank you!
2200: Hi. In physics, we learned that magnetic fields are created by spinning electrons. I don't understand why this happens. Also, I learned that electrons repel each other, so how can two magnetic domains where the only difference is the direction the electrons are spinning attract? I don't really understand how magnets attract. Also, I was wondering how magnetic domains are created? In addition, why are magnetic field lines drawn with arrows? What is moving in the direction of the arrows? Thank you very much.
2201: When I look out across the ocean from my house, some days there is so much brown pollution on the horizon, I can barely see Catalina Island. I know the pollution must be there all the time - let's face it, this is L.A., but is there something that happens in the atmosphere (maybe a weather pressure system) that makes pollution look worse on some days rather then others? Thanks for answering my question!
2202: What is in fireworks that causes them to make the booming noise and what decides their different colors? This is a project for my chemistry class.
2203: How does metal rust?
2204: How does baking soda work? What properties in it make dough rise?
2205: Liquid becomes a solid at freezing temperatures, but alcohol (vodca), very much a liquid, does not freeze. Why?
2206: Spray on paint (from a can) will cast most surfaces. But on styrofoam, the surface melts from the spray paint. Why?
2207: How does hair dye work?
2208: Hi! When I read or hear about asteroids, specifically about those that have impacted the earth at sometime in the past, I notice that the authors compare the force that the asteroid impacted the earth with to the strength of the atomic bomb. (Example: The asteroid that killed the dinosaurs impacted the earth with the force of several atomic bombs) Now I know to calculate the force of an object that would hit the earth (f=ma) (correct me if that is not how you calculate the force of an object that would impact earth - must I know the objects speed, etc?) but how do I compare that force to the explosion of an atomic bomb? It would be interesting to see, for example, How the impact of a 10-ton object made of a various material, and the destruction that such an object would produce,would compare to the destruction of an atomic bomb. I would assume that 1 atomic bomb would produce the kind of destruction seen in Japan during WW2? Thank you so much for your help, Happy New Year!
2209: Which is the color of light not reflected by chlorophyll?
2210: Which are the substances in plastids that absorb various wavelengths of light? Thank you.
2211: Hi! On the subject of space suit insulation: I was wondering, would a space suit insulated completely by a layer of aerogel protect the wearer against the extreme hot and cold temperature in space or on the moon? Would it be superior to the current mode of insulation used at NASA now, with the many layers of material that are used to protect the wearer? Thanks for your help!
2212: How does potassium prevent cramping in sport activities?
2213: How are scientific names developed?
2214: Where did stars come from and why do we have them?
2215: What is color? Why are things the color that they are?
2216: How do scientists figure out what parts of the brain control what?
2217: How far has space exploration gone and why don't we go farther?
2218: After shaking a soda bottle/can, what makes the soda explode out when you open it? Also, after a soda becomes old or sits out for a long time, why does it lose its carbonation/bubbliness?
2219: How does Boyles Law apply to the world around us? Were in our every day life is Boyles Law used.
2220: Thanks for your help on my previous questions, this is another related question that I was also wondering about: How can one determine the range of destruction (how big of an area will be destroyed, etc...) of an object that would impact the earth? In large scale situations, what would be the affects for countries hundreds or thousands of miles away? How could you know if a country far away from the impact would be safe - or not?
2221: Using Coke, Pepsi, & Dr.Pepper...which can break down a potato the fastest?
2222: What makes a mineral magnetic?
2223: What is the density of the lightest mineral?
2224: When a cup is cold, and creates condensation, where does the drops of water on the outside of the cup come from?
2225: In what ways can chemistry be used to reduce negative environmental impact?
2226: When someone eats too many carrots or carrot juice, why does their skin turn orange? What makes the skin turn that color?
2227: Hi there! I was just wondering, where does an atom get its energy from and what makes it so powerful? I hope to hear from you soon please and thank you so much!
2228: Why do Mentos mints foam when you drop them into soda pop?
2229: What would happen if anti matter and hot plasma mix? Would be an explosion and how big would it be? What would be the damage? Please answer honestly; I am just doing a little personal research.
2230: Hi! I was wondering, when a person puts a magnet inside a steel armature to increase its magnetic strength, and that assembly is allowed to interact with another magnet that does not have a steel armature, is there a risk that the steel will be attracted by that second magnet and ruin the magnet assembly? Thanks for your help!
2231: How is perfume made? What chemical components make up perfume?
2232: Why is the freezing point in Vodka or other alcoholic beverages lower than other drinking liquids such as water?
2233: How is Chemistry used in order to tell the different freezing points of liquids.
2234: What chemicals are used to make vodka (the alcoholic beverage)?
2235: Why is there such a small amount of Lithium in the universe? (Subsidiary questions: Does Sol have less or more than most stars? If so, why?)
2236: How does atomic power work and how does it relate to chemistry?
2237: Hello, thank for taking your time to answer this question. I was reading this article online:
question What makes this bonding unusual? Furthermore, according to my studies, noble do not like to react with other gasses, so, why is molecular hydrogen reacting Xenon, which is noble gas?
2238: I have heard that plastic water bottles are very bad for the body because certain chemicals are released into the water. Then the water becomes contaminated and we cannot digest these chemicals, and with no where to go, they are stored on body. Could this be true? If so, what chemicals are released and how(heat or time maybe)? Also, does the body not have the ability to digest them?
2239: Is it possible to propel a car's Internal Combustion Engine using nothing but compressed air?
2240: What is the science behind diesel and gasoline combustion?
2241: What germs are good for the human body?
2242: What elements are present in the body?
2243: Why does magnesium produce a bright light when reacted with fire?
2244: What makes asbestos toxic?
2245: If mushrooms are a fungus, how are they edible?
2246: What causes poison oak to irritate the skin? What does that have to do with chemistry?
2247: What causes the hair color to change when you put different color dyes in it?
2248:

1)Can a perfect vacuum exist?
-If your answer is no, why can you not consider deep space a vacuum (where there is only about 1 atom per square meter)?; isn't that space between the atoms a vacuum?
-Also, can the space between atoms in the objects around us be considered a perfect vacuum?: ex. a block of steel or wood (or can that neither be proven nor disproven given our knowelege of particles smaller than protons, neutrons and electrons, such as quarks)
-If your answer is no, is another explaination that because if a spcae has no matter in it, then it has a teperature of exactly 0 Kelvin, and if one part of the universe is 0 Kelvin, all of it must be as well (because motion creates heat; and any movement in the universe will be reverberated between atoms) where if the universe was 0 Kelvin, life could not possibly exist.

If a perfect vacuum is not humanly attainable, then:
2)How does a particle accelerator work?... given that you are colliding subatomic particles of matter much smaller than atoms themselves(atoms being the matter that cannot be removed from a space to create a perfect vacuum).
-If you cannot remove particles as large as atoms from a space, how can you possibly keep them from effecting the path of a proton traveling close to the speed of light?If it hits anything at all, wouldn't that ruin the test?

Thank you for your patience.

2249: Can you ever drink too much water?
2250: My family and I are on the Feingold diet. We do not eat foods containing artificial colors and dyes because we believe they have negative health/behavioral effects...especially on my 6 yr. old autistic brother. I have a 5th grade science experiment due and would like to do something related to food dyes and how much people eat them daily but cannot think of any exact experiment to do. Any ideas?
2251: Why does chlorine turn your hair green?
2252: Why does pepto bismol turn your tongue black?
2253: Does air pressure increase or decrease the higher you are in air?
2254: We are conducting an experiment where we need to know what washable lint rollers are made of (the sticky, rubbery part of the lint roller). Any clue as to what they use?
2255: Can you ever drink too much water?
2256: I am doing a science project on the amount of Bisphenol A in bottled water. How would I measure this quantity? If I need a special machine, how would I get access to this machine?
2257: How does sulfur in facial cleansers help to eliminate acne?
2258: Hi! I was wondering: From my understanding of physics and relativity, a person travelling very close to the speed of light would see the universe and history pass at an incredibly fast rate, and if one were to move as fast as a photon, time would essentially stop for them (from our perspective) and they would see the universe and history pass in an instant. But I was wondering, If from a photon's point of view all of time passes in an instant, then what would a tachyon see from it's perspective? I know tachyons are theoretical particles that travel faster than light, but from their perspective, would they see time pass in reverse or in some other weird form? Thanks for your help! Any math or graphs, equations, etc... that may support this idea that you guys can provide will also be greatly appreciated.
2259: Hi! When looking at the theories of special and general relativity, it becomes evident that the theoretical possibility of "traveling" into the past using various suitable geometries that may be created is a real one. Also, relativity seems to suggest that traveling faster than light will result to moving backwards in time. Does traveling faster than light result in time travel to the past (according to relativity)? And what mathematical, etc. evidence does relativity provide to support that idea? Furthermore, how would a person be able to calculate the extent to which one would travel into the past (sort of like being able to calculate time dilation between a object moving at speeds just under the speed of light and a non-moving object)? Is there a specific formula or equation that I could use to calculate that? I would assume that in the case of traveling into the past, the "time dilation" would be used in a negative sense, because it is usually meant to calculate how "far" into the future a person would go relative to the earth (in most cases) due to the person's very high speed (close to the speed of light)? I would like to compose a graph of time dilation to the "future" and "past" relative to an object that is moving at speeds close to and beyond the speed of light and a "non-moving" object (time as perceived on earth), if the above ideas suggested by relativity are valid. Of course, that graph would be completely theoretical in its purpose, because an object with mass could never reach or past the speed of light. Nevertheless, I think it would be an interesting way to depict theoretical time travel in a more mathematically and visually understandable way. Thanks for your help!
2260: Hi. In the answer to a question about ethyl alcohol and bacteria you-all wrote that ethyl alcohol can kill bacteria because it denatures the proteins in the cell and dissolves the cell membrane. I am trying to figure out how the ethyl alcohol in handgel affects viruses. I have read that all viruses have a protein coat that protects their genetic material and some have an envelope of fat that surrounds them. If the virus coat/shell is made up of proteins and /or fat if ethyl alcohol denatures the proteins in a bacterium cell, does it also denature the proteins and/or fat that make up the virus coat? If it does this, is this the reason we could say that hand gel is effective in killing viruses that may get on your hand?
2261: What chemicals make throwing away technology (i.e. batteries) in the regular trash so harmful for the environment? What do these chemicals do to the environment?
2262: What base and indicator would I use in an acid- base titration of bisphenol A? Thank you for any answers you can give me.
2263: How is ATP produced in cells; what is the difference between the energy-producing process in animal cells and plant cells? How much ATP is produced?
2264: Hi! I just want to make sure: If an object were to somehow have a velocity that is greater than the speed of light (which is impossible as far as we know) would it indeed go back in time? And in some cases be able to interact with its past self, as Anthony (physics) said? Thanks for your help!
2265: In class we learned that the density of tectonic plates determines which converging plate will subduct. What would happen in the case of two oceanic plates that have equal density? Would the both try and subduct, resulting in a big v- formation / trench thing? Are there any locations on earth where two identically-dense oceanic plates meet? Thanks.
2266: Will food coloring kill fish?
2267: Hi! Could the formulas to calculate time dilation in the theory of relativity be modified in a way as to be able to calculate how "far" an object would travel into the past given that the object has a certain velocity that is greater than the speed of light? (In the same way that the current formulas allow one to calculate how "far" an object would go into the "future" given that the object has a velocity that is very near the speed of light) If so, what is the modified formula for time dilation (into the "past") due to an object's velocity (greater than c) and gravitational time dilation (that would allow an object to "move" backward in time)? I would assume that the modified gravitational time dilation formula would pertian to super-high gravities such as those in black holes, which may (theoretically)allow an object that is experiencing those gravitational effects to move backward in time (gravity slows time, maybe a super-high gravitational field would reverse time?)? Thank you so much for your help, your answers are GREATLY appreciated!
2268: Hi! If light is a constant, and you see it moving at the same speed (c) regardless of your speed, then if you were to travel at the speed of light or beyond, would you see light still moving at 1c faster than you?
2269: Hi! Lets say that a rocket is in deep space, and the rocket experiences the gravitational attraction of a very massive star (or some other body). The star begins to accelerate the rocket toward it due to its high gravity. If the rocket continues to accelerate due to the star's gravity over a long period of time, wouldnt it eventually be moving faster than light without needing infinite energy to get it moving at that speed? (gravity does all the work)
2270: How do you calculate the speed of an object according to the theory of relativity?
2271: Can tissues and paper towels be recycled?
2272: Can fish live in colored water?
2273: How are sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide significant to the process of photosynthesis?
2274: Why does the day have 24 hours?
2275: We need bacteria for a science project; the name is Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. Is this dangerous bacterium? Does work with it need to be done at a special lab?
2276: Is too much chlorine harmful for the skin?
2277: I'm doing a science fair on popcorn and I would like to know why is it that a kernel of popcorn pops when heated in the microwave.
2278: What substances destroy your teeth?
2279: Who has bigger hands boys or girls?
2280: What is the effect of chlorinated water on plant growth?
2281: Which diaper brand holds the most water?
2282: Can mice distinguish color?
2283: Which gum lasts longer?
2284: Which brand of popcorn pops the fastest?
2285: How fast do fabrics burn?
2286: What colors attract moths flash rate of fireflies?
2287: How fast can plants grow?
2288: Which fingerprint is more popular in the index finger?
2289: How can I know the process to make crystals in a short time, like 2 months?
2290: Is it faster for a plant to grow in a flower pot or a jar?
2291: What kind of materials can you use to put out fires besides water and a fire extinguisher?
2292: In what kind of material (sand, clay) do seeds grow best and why?
2293: Ineed information on which brand of diapers can hold the most water?
2294: Which grows faster scalp hair or body hair?
2295: What materials put out a fire besides water?
2296: I want to make a science project using the model of tsunami. Can you help me to figure out something that involves it?
2297: What can I do for a science fair project that will get me an A+?
2298: what cloth burns better?
2299: What are some fabrics that burn fast?
2300: Do grapes explode if you microwave them?
2301: What type of soda melts ice the fastest?
2302: Does a plant grow bigger if watered by milk or water?
2303: Do plants give off moisture?
2304: What diaper brand holds the most liquid?
2305: How does potassium prevent menstrual cramps and cramps during physical activity?
2306: I don't know what to do for the science fair and I need your help. What should I do for the science fair?
2307: I did an experiment with cats' and dogs' saliva to find our which of them has less bacteria. My experiment's results show that the dogs' saliva has less bacteria. According to your experience as a researcher, which saliva is cleaner?
2308: How would you measure Ultra Violet light on green algae? What units of measurements would you use for measuring Ultra Violet light?
2309: What information is coded into DNA?
2310:

I am teaching my chemistry students about electron transitions in an atom by absorbing or emitting a photon of light. Are there other mechanisms for exciting an electron that do not involve a photon?

My particular question has to do with the burning of metal salts to produce a characteristic spectra. It is clear from the line spectra that we are seeing a quantum effect of the electrons transitioning between levels. What is the mechanism for the electron excitation?

Thanks,

2311: Why does ammonia magnetize iron? I did a science project where I was trying to see what liquids would rust nails and when I put nails into ammonia, they didn't rust, but were magnetic when I removed them. Why? Also, when I did the same thing with milk, the nails turned a darl bluish-grey. Why?
2312: When you place a previously opened soda bottle in the the refrigerator, why is it really hard to open afterward?
2313: How is coffee decaffeinated?
2314: How does the ice in coolers stay cool?
2315: How does Static Guard work?
2316: Will eating junk foods like soda, chips, and candy increase your energy for a short amount of time?
2317: What causes 2 books to hold together when their pages are peeled into each other?
2318: What causes that shock I feel when my body comes into contact with metal?
2319: Hi! What would happen if you were on a treadmill (so you are essentially staying in the same place) and were running at a speed that is equal to the speed of light, or faster? Would time still behave differently for you, or for the rest of the universe (according to your perspective)? I know these are theoretical questions, sort of like the questions einstein asked himself when he was thinking about relativity, but i'd like to know. Thanks for your help!
2320: Hi! If one could continue to accelerate at 1g because of gravity (NOT USING ENERGY) couldnt one eventually attain and pass the speed of light? Thanks for your help!
2321: Hi! Could you explain the Godel Metric, and other such theories, and how they may allow for time travel to the past? Any examples that you can give for time travel to the past based on these theories will also be greatly appreciated. Thank you!
2322:

Hi! I recently watched a you tube video titled: Discovery - world's first time machine. In the video, a scientist by the name of Ronald Mallett discusses how the bending of space-time around a black hole could send a craft back in time without violating the light speed barrier.

Wouldnt this suggest that one could use gravity to send a craft back into time ("exceeds the speed of light from an observers point of view)? Could you explain to me a little bit on the physics of the situation that Ronald Mallett was discussing, and exactly how an object could be considered to be going back in time in the situation that was discussed in the video? (The first 1 minute and 19 seconds of the video) Are there any formulas that I could use from Einsteins theories to calculate or to mathematically verify Ronald Mallett's conclusions?

I'd very much like to have a mathematical understanding of how Ronald concluded that an object in such a situation (or a situation like it) would go back in time according to Einsteins theories. Thank you so much for your help!


2323: What is the chemical compound in sunscreen that prevents harmful UV rays from penetrating the skin?
2324: How does sunscreen block harmful UV rays from reaching the skin?
2325: Could one use gravity to travel at speeds in excess of the speed of light? Even if the mass of the ship increases as it approaches the speed of light, wouldnt that only increase the gravitational attraction, thus accelerating the craft even faster past the speed of light? And back into time?
2326:

Is it possible to generate electricity by passing a laser beam, or shooting electrons (or some other charged particle) through a solenoid (not the wire itself, but passing the beam through the solenoid where one would normally find an iron rod)? Or would it be possible to generate electricity by having a laser, or electrons, pass through a magnetic field (Due to Faraday's law of induction)?


2327: Hi! If one was to bounce a laser beam, or even individual electrons off of two or more mirrors (sort of like a light clock) would the particles in the beam of light or the electrons ever slow down and stop? (assume the mechanism is in a vacuum) Or would they just continue bouncing forever? Thanks for your help!
2328: Hi! Would it be possible to create a sort of "homemade particle accelerator" if one was to take a solenoid, bend it around in a circle, run some electricity through it so a magnetic field could be produced in the solenoid, and have particles race around the circle? Just a thought... Thanks for your answers!
2329: Hi! How is coal formed? At what pressures does coal formation occur? What gases are present during coal formation? At what temperatures does coal formation occur? What materials or substances are needed for coal to form? Thank you for your help!
2330: Hi! Do "light clocks" (the things that bounce a particle of light between two or more mirrors - has to do with relativity) really exist? Would it be possible to make a "light clock"? Thank you for your help!
2331: How can waste affect a plants growth?
2332: In Physics class we are talking about electricty and current, and I was wondering, when cell phone chargers are plugged in, even though they aren't in use, there is still electricty that is used from there. So where does all this energy go? Does it just disappear?
2333: Hi! When looking at how the "death star" works (from the Star Wars movies) it becomes clear that shooting multiple lasers together at one point to create one beam of energy would be impossible without some sort of lens. (If you take a look at how the "superlaser" works on the death star, the beams of light would not create one beam, instead they would intersect and continue going off on their own path without any change in direction.) Some sort of lens would be needed to direct the multiple lasers into one beam, what kind of lens would do that? Would a double-concave lens placed at where the lasers intersect direct the multiple lasers in a way as to form a single beam? Thank you for your help!
2334: Hello! I have recently been working on a paper that suggests a way of disproving the first postulate of the theory of relativity, as well as the equivalence principle. The mechanism that I am proposing is as follows: Imagine that you are in a large box. You don't know if you are moving at constant velocity or if you are at rest. According to the first postulate of relativity, it is impossible to figure out if you are moving uniformly or if you are at rest. Regardless, you try to build a mechanism of distinguishing between constant motion and rest. You design the following mechanism: Knowing that the speed of light is constant, you shoot a photon from one wall of your box to the other, and measure the time it took the photon to reach the second wall. You calculate how long the trip should take (at rest) and how much longer it should take if your box had some forward velocity. Then you compare your calculations to your observations. You assume it should take longer for light to reach the second wall if your box is moving because the speed of light is a constant and because of some principles of simultaneity of relativity. The theory is, if the box is moving, light (being like an arrow - and its speed independent of the speed of the box) would take longer to hit the target (the second wall) because it moves forward during the time light is travelling to hit it. So light catches up to hit it at a time slightly longer than it would take if the "target" did not move. From that info it becomes easy to distinguish if you are at rest or moving; and at what speed you may be moving. Of course, this is relative to the speed of light, but light speed is a universal constant, so I dont think that poses a problem to the theory. Is the assumption that you make correct? Would this be a way in which one could disprove the first postulate of the theory of relativity, as well as the equivalence principle? Can I excpect to receive a Nobel prize anytime soon?! :-) :-) I'd love to hear your opinion. And if it turns out that I'm correct, I'd be glad to send you a copy of my paper as soon as I complete it, for review. If I'm not correct, then at least I'll understand relativity better. Talk to you soon!
2335: Hi! In my first attempt to disprove the first postulate of the theory of relativity, I may be incorrect because distances and time change as an object moves. Because of this, it may not be possible for an observer in an inertial frame of reference to detect if they are at rest or moving uniformly in this way. But I do have another way in mind that I would like to ask you guys about, its based on some principles of simultaneity: If an observer is in a box (without knowing that it is moving or at rest) and they have one light bulb on a wall of the box and another light bulb on a second wall (facing each other) The observer turns on both lights at the same time. Wouldnt the observer be able to detect if they were moving or at rest due to when they percieve the light to reach them? If they are moving, light from one light bulb would reach them first, but if they were not moving, light from both light bulbs would reach them at the same time. Is this true? Could this method be implemented in disproving einsteins first postulate? Thank you for your help, I hope to hear from you guys soon!
2336: Hi! I've been trying to find the time dilation formula for an object that is accelerating (constant acceleration) but have only found a formula that relates that objects acceleration to another object in uniform motion (on wikipedia) Do you know of another formula that I could use in which I would be able to calculate the time dilation of my accelerating object relative to an object that is at rest (not accelerating)? Or would I just use the given formula and just put the velocity of the object in uniform motion as 0?
2337: Hi! How can I calculate the time dilation of an object in a gravitational field relative to an object that is not experiencing gravity? Would I be able to use the gravitational time dilation formula if I only knew the gravitational acceleration that I was experiencing and "my" time? Thank you for your help!
2338: Hi! Recently I saw a wikipedia article that gave information on an interesting device called a SMOT (simple magnetic overunity toy). Of course, the toy does not violate the laws of thermodynamics but I thought it was really cool how one can make a metalic sphere go from "point A" to "point B" by slightly tilting two magnets toward each other. I was wondering, how would it be possible to calculate the momentum of a metal ball that passes thru a SMOT device? For the metal ball to accelerate past the point at which the magnetic fields are the strongest, would the momentum of the metal ball need to be stronger than the strength of the magnetic force? How would I be able to calculate the magnetic force on the ball, to compare it to the momentum of the ball?
2339:

I recently went to Disneyland,and I saw the awesome firewors display, and I was wondering what they use to get those different colors? And if you know, how do they get the fireworks to make different shapes? like smilie faces or the hearts?

Thanks!

2340: We had a paddleboard race on Saturday from Goleta beach to Leadbetter beach and for the first two miles saw hundreds of large, brown jellyfish. So I wondered what species and how bad their sting is, they looked gnarly (scientific term)!? They were about 1 foot in diameter and looked like kelp bubbles when the wind caught the edge of their top. Long, 2ft+ tentacles. Fortunately no one was stung to my knowledge.
2341: What happens when an acid breaks down or dissolves a substance?
2342: How does deodorant prevent us from sweating under our armpits?
2343: Can Bottled Water Go Bad?
2344: Why doesn't alcohol freeze?
2345: Why doesn't oil mix into other substances?
2346: When clear water is placed into an ice tray. Why is it that once the ice is frozen it comes out opaque?
2347: How do hand warmers generate heat just by exposing them to air?
2348: A work co11egue has asked me to ask , if an astronaut was lost in space would his body decompose?
2349: How does the human body use copper?
2350: What chemicals in the no calorie sugar replacement, Splenda, cause cancer?
2351: How do matches work? What chemicals do they have that cause fire?
2352: I've heard that along the 101 between Ventura and Carp that you can see the shelves created by uplift. There are obvious shelves at Mussel Shoals but I can't tell if they are due to freeway construction [like at the Rincon]or not. Can you give me lat/long for the location of the shelves due to uplift please! Thanks!
2353: Why is it that when you exhale into water, the water from your breath becomes acidic and fizzy?
2354: How do instant hot/cold packs work? Like when you break and shake the heat/cold pack, how does it instantly heat up/cool down?
2355: What exactly is carbonation? And does heat have an influential role in the amount of carbonation in a drink?
2356: When there have been major oil spills, like the Exxon Valdez and the spill in the Gulf, chemicals are often dispersed on the surface of the ocean to absorb the oil. How does this chemical reaction work? How much of the oil is really absorbed?
2357: Why does the sun lighten our hair but darken our skin?
2358: Hi! Do you guys know where I could get some "frictionless" or nearly "frictionless" bearings? I need some for an experiment where I have to essentially eliminate friction. Thank you for your help.
2359: What is the chemical reaction responsible for making clumping cat litter clump and how does it work?
2360:

Has increasing our knowledge of the structure of the atom been good for mankind or has it harmed mankind?

Thank You

2361: What causes the different forms of air pollution? How can we solve these problems? How is Chemistry involved?
2362: When gas, oxygen, and heat are combusted in a car engine, how is it possible that it creates enough energy to move a car that weighs over 3000 pounds?
2363: How do trick candles work? When you blow them out, they light up again.
2364: If soap is a base, why do we not get burned?
2365: Why are former meth houses so dangerous?
2366:

When I drink a smoothie to fast, or jump in cold water, my head hurts really bad, and I am getting dizzy.
How does that happen, and why does that happen. Is it true that pressing your thumb against the roof of your mouth helps stopping that feeling?

Thank you a lot for your help!

2367: What makes chili peppers hot/spicy?
2368: What is the chemical reaction that causes the fizziness in Fizzy Candy?
2369: What is the chemical process that turns a picked banana from green to yellow to brown?
2370: Since the exact location of an electron can not be known since the electron is constantly in motion is it possible to tell the direction the electron is moving? Is that direction known theoretically or actually?
2371:

I'm a substitute teacher from Canada. I am presently teaching my class about different biomes. The great barrier reef was a common interest amongst the students. I must admit I know nothing about this subject. I have done some research concerning these topics below, and unfortunately I have encountered some difficulties. I was hoping you could help me provide the proper information for my class and I. I'd greatly appreciate it. I would need this information by Tuesday the 25th, 2010 at the latest. Thank you so much.


I need to know the following:
Major Flora- (just a few examples)
Major Fauna- (just a few examples)
Water- Resources
Water- Fresh Water Supply
Water- Percipitation
Food web- Consumers
Food web- Decomposers
Food web- Predation
Food web- Mutualism
Food web- Commensalism
Human- Encroachment
Human- Land Development
Human- Exploitation
I can't thank you enough.

2372: Why do some candies (like wintergreen lifesavers) spark when chewed?
2373:

Hi! Thank you for your help on my last question. I recently viewed a concept for a supposed "perpetual motion" machine. Of course, according to the laws of thermodynamics, it shouldnt be able to work. On the other hand, there doesn't seem to be any flaw in the machine or any mechanical reason that I can think of that would prevent it from working. The design goes like this: There is a pendulum with a metal ball on the outer end, which swings on the axle of an electric generator. The pendulum is put in a vertical position and dropped. It swings about 75% of the way around in a circle as the electric generator generates a given amount of electricity . That amount of electricity is fed into another electric motor/generator with a pendulum of the same dimensions as the first. Except in this case the pendulum is at rest pointing down. The amount of electricity makes the second pendulum swing 50% so that it is in a vertical position, then the second pendulum drops (as the first one did) and the process repeats. The result is that both pendulums continue to rotate indefinitely. It is supposed to work on the principle that the same energy that is obtained from a falling object is the same amount of energy required to raise that falling object back up to its original position. But in the case that I stated, each pendulum swings 75% of the way around, but only need to raise the second pendelum 50% (allowing the motor to work with an efficiency of less than 100%) For example, if the energy generated by the pendulum going 50% of the way around is 1 Volt, then it would require 1 Volt to move that pendulum back up to its original position (but the motor would have to be 100% efficient) but in this case, the pendulum swings about 75% of the way around (so it would produce about 1.5 Volts) that 1.5 Volts is put into the second pendulum that would only require 1 Volt (so you can lose .5 Volts due to inefficiency). Then the second pendulum continues the process by swinging 75%, and feeding the electricity generated into the first pendulum which by now is at rest... etc. What is the flaw in this concept - or is there really no flaw (in that case it would work)? I hope I explained it well enought, but if you guys need clarification, please look at my diagram in teh link below. Thank you so much for your help!


My diagram:

my-diagram
2374: How does The Transderm Scp patch work and how does it stop nausea?
2375: Why are the planets round?
2376:

Hello!
There is a spray called Staticide which reduces static in carpets, electronics, etc. How does that product work?

Thank You,

2377: How do acne creams help to make the acne disappear?
2378: Hi. There are markers that are made for small children that only shows up on a special peice of paper. If a kid draws on a wall no color is produced. Crayola calls them "Wonder Markers." How do they work? Thank You.
2379: What makes soda fizzy? Thanks.
2380: What school is best to go to be a vet?
2381: How do teeth whitening products work?
2382: How is coffee decaffeinated?
2383: How does eating carrots enhance your vision?
2384: How do hair dyes work?
2385: What causes teeth whitener to work? How does it actually whiten your teeth?
2386: Why are babies born with blue eyes?
2387: Why is Gatorade better for athletes then water?
2388: Does bottled water go bad?
2389: Why is it that Honey will never spoil or "go bad"?
2390: Is there chemistry involved in love?
2391: What "upper limits" exist on the Periodic Table of elements? Or, specifically, what is the highest possible atomic number that could exist, even for a splitt-second, in some state? And, if so, why?
2392:

This is more of a maths question than a science question, but I'll ask here anyway, since I doubt it'll be covered at a High School level:

Why, precisely, is e(pi * i) + 1 = 0 ? (I'm aware that e(pi*x) = sin x + cos x, but I'm not sure why that is the case, either.)


2393: How do the chemicals in Novocain work to numb a certain part of the body?
2394: Hi there! I was just wondering: why are some acids harmful but others can be present in food? Also, why does acid burn your skin? Thank you so much and hope to hear from you soon!
2395: How does tetracycline eliminate acne in the body?
2396: I was watching Iron Chef America, and one of the contestants used liquid nitrogen to prepare part of their meal; how does liquid nitrogen work, and is it safe for consumption?
2397: I was wondering how sun screen protects skin from getting sun burnt?
2398: Hi! Wouldnt it be possible to exceed the speed of light without violating relativity by making gravity accelerate an object? Because gravity is simply bent space-time, an object wouldnt nessesarily "move" faster than the speed of light, it would be the bent space-time that is allowing it to attain those (relative) speeds. And because space-time can be bent in such ways as to create superluminal escape velocities (black hole escape velocities, for example)it wouldnt have to obey the conventional speed limit of relativity. Would such a thing be possible?
2399: Do humans all like different tastes or do we all like the same taste but we taste each food differently?
2400: Do we all see the same colors or do we see different colors but just grow up to call the color the same way?
2401: Why do some people get alergic to certain things but other people not?
2402: Hello! Thank you for your answers to my previous question. I have another question involving relativity: Imagine that somehow, one is able to produce a finite acceleration for a given amount of time, or indefinetly (I know that this would require infinite energy but please bear with me). Using this device, the person accelerates an object. Eventually, the object approaches the speed of light. Given my current knowledge, an outside observer seeing that object would notice that it is constantly approaching the speed of light, but (according to the observer) it would take an infinite amount of time for the object to reach, and pass, the speed of light. Is this correct, why is this? However, the object that is accelerating would notice that it would take a finite amount of time (according to it) to pass the speed of light. I know this is similar to the case in which an object is observed passing the event horizon of a black hole. (an outside observer would have to wait an infinity to see the infalling object pass the event horizon, but the infalling object would pass the horizon in a finite amount of time) Now for my second question: Can the accelerating object (or the object that passes the event horizon) still be considered as traveling back in time (when it passes the speed of light according to it, or when it passes the event horizon according to it)? Why or why not? Thank you for your help.
2403: Hello! I have recently tried to calculate the gravity of a black hole at the event horizon. In other words, I want to calculate the surface gravity of an object if the escape velocity to leave that object is the speed of light. But I dont think I did the math right. I believe that the required gravity is less than infinity because there is only infinite gravity at the singularity. How can I determine the gravity of an object when the escape velocity is the speed of light (or more)? Please show how to calculate it. Thank you so much for your help!
2404: Hello! What is the formula for time dilation due to the gravity experienced by an object in a gravitational field (relative to an observer that is not in a gravitational field)? Please explain the formula in detail, I have had some trouble finding it (and knowing how to use it) on the internet. Thank you so much for your help!
2405: When you freeze a marshmallow why does it get so hard, and then when you expose it to room temperature it changes back to a regular marshmallow?
2406: Hello! If one applies an acceleration on an object to produce a force (instead of the other way around) doesn't that mean that it would be possible to have an object with mass reach and exceed the speed of light? To reach this conclusion, I rearranged a variation of the formula f=dp/dt (from special relativity) to solve for a given acceleration. I found that as an objects mass increases (as it approaches the speed of light) the force provided by the constant acceleration should also increase proportionally to maintain that acceleration. At the speed of light, the applied acceleration would impose an infinite force on the object with infinite mass to maintain the acceleration. In my thinking (which is theoretical) If one was to use an acceleration to create a force to apply on an object instead of using a force to create an acceleration on the object then what I just stated above should be possible. Is my thinking correct? I also think that an outside observer would still percieve the accelerating object as requiring a nearly infinite amount of time to reach the speed of light (while according to the accelerating object it requires a finite amount of time to reach the speed of light and surpass it) due to the time dilation effects that also occur at those speeds. Is my thinking correct? Thank you for your help!
2407: Hello! I am also wondering, if one was to apply an acceleration that is above the value of "c" on an object to create a force on that object then in that case, wouldn't outside observers as well as the accelerating object agree that it would only take a finite amount of time to reach and surpass the speed of light?
2408: Hello! Would a person inside a black hole (a person residing inside the event horizon) see time in the outside universe as passing in reverse? Why?(If they were able to survive inside the event horizon) Thank you so much for your help!
2409: Can time dilation be transfered between entangled particles? In other words, if one has two particles that are entangled (based on quantum non-locality) and one particle is placed in a deep gravity well while the other is in deep space, will the particle that experiences time dilation (in the gravity well) relative to an outside observer "transfer" its time dilation to the second particle that is in deep space? So that BOTH of the particle's clocks run "slow"? If so, why? If not, why not? Thank you so much for your help!
2410: Hi! I was wondering, what is an electromagnetic field (or magnetic field) actually made of? (What is the field itself "made" of... if anything?) Thank you so much for your time and help!
2411: Hi! Thank you for your answers to my previous questions. I recently viewed an episode of the show "Through the wormhole" that dealt with black holes. I think it was called "The riddle of black holes". Anyway, toward the end of the show the apparent similarities between the behavior of black holes and atoms was discussed. If such similarities really exist, wouldn't it be possible to somehow tie the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics together by using that phenomenon?
2412: Hi! I have another variation of the time dilation question that has to do with entangled particles: Suppose you have a pair of entangled particles. You put one in a particle accelerator and get it moving at a speed just under the speed of light. However, you take the other entangled particle and set it aside for observation. According to special relativity, the particle in the accelerator should experiences some time dilation due to its very high speed (close to c), and because both of your particles are entangled, the particle you set aside for observation may also experience time dilation (to maintain some sort of symmetry or whatever). So the question is, will you observe the time of the particle you set aside to look at as mysteriously running slower relative to its surroundings (as the clock does on the moving particle)? I understand that you said before that the physics just arent there to make these kinds of predictions (between relativity and QM) but if you were to make an educated guess, would you guess that both entangled particles experience time dilation because of the fact that they are entangled or not? Thank you for your help and opinion! P.S. Just a thought: couldn't such an experiment actually be performed? To my knowledge there are some pretty powerful particle accelerators around the world... if they were to perform this experiment maybe they would be able to finally discover the ties between relativity and QM! Just remember... it was my idea, hahaha. Have a great day!
2413: Hi! Based on the principles of quantum non- locality, I know that it is possible to entangle various particles. My question is: Is it also theoretically possible to "entangle" electro- magnetic fields in any way? Or would passing entangled electrons thru a wire or something like that produce an entangled electro-magnetic field? Thank you for your help!
2414: I HAVE A THEORY ABOUT EVOLUTION THAT I WOULD LOVE TO BE TESTED HOW DO I GO ABOUT DOING SO? HOW CAN I MAKE SURE THIS SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY IS HEARD OR DISCUSSED?
2415: I have a number of questions:

1.I have seen for sale fossils of ginger and garlic in an antiquity shop.They look like ginger/garlic but is rock hard. The price is about $8 each,which seems to be very cheap. The shopkeeper says they were found near a cave.


(a)How do I determine whether they are really fossils or not?
(b) If they are really fossils, then they should be thousands of years old,right?
(c) How much do you estimate to be the real value if they are really fossils?
(d) Are there any research done on the fosils of garlic and ginger?
(e) We have a scanning electron microscope in our University. For research and academic purposes, what sort of study would you suggest for me to undertake?

2416: Does heat make all things expand and explode?
2417:

Hello there
I have an assignment at university for Parasitology.

I have received a review article titled "Genomics of reproduction in nematodes: prospects for parasite intervention?" by Nisbet, A.J. Cottee, P.A. & Gasser, R.B.

I have to present a 10 minute powerpoint on the "main points" that this article discusses. I understand that it is reviewing sex-specific molecules, technologies to identify these all in the hope of developing anthelminitcs and control strategies.

However, I am struggling to understand the concepts within the article such as the different technologies used and the differences between gender-specific and gender-enriched etc.

I was hoping that you could help me understand the key points that this article is conveying.

Regards

2418: Hello, Im in 6th grade and I just finished reading Michael Crichtons book Timeline. In this book one of the characters states how time does not exist. He states The very concept of time travel makes no sense, since time doesnt flow. The fact that we think time passes is just an accident of our nervous systems-of the way things look to us. In reality, time doesnt pass; we pass. Time itself is invariant. It just is. I was wondering if this was true or not. If it is true wouldnt that make time not a dimension, or not a part of the continuum, and wouldnt that negate relativity. Please respond if you can.
2419: I would like to ask, what is the significance of using an Argon atmosphere when conducting a reaction which involves the use of a Lewis acid?
2420: Two other friends and I are conducting a science fair project in which the question is: How does different footwear, or lack thereof, affect running ergonomics? There are many tests we can conduct with our own equipment, but a great addition to the project would be access to forceplates and any other instruments to measure weight distribution and or the stresses and forces incurred on the body while in the process of running. If no one working at the university has the means to test these things a nudge in the right direction would be much appreciated!
2421:

Hello,
I'm asking for help with the assistance of my teacher. I'm doing a science fair and research project on the golden ratio in nature. I'm interested in mathematics and finding relationships between things I can measure in the real world.

I've been doing research on the golden ratio and I've found that the information is either too general or too advanced. I think there may be two ways you could help me:

1. I would like some help finding material that could help inform me appropriately (beyond the junior high level, but easier than graduate school) for my mathematical research.

2. Is it possible that there might be someone on campus willing to mentor me?

Teacher's note: This student is one of the brightest girls I've seen! Worth nurturing/Mentoring!!!!


2422: I'd like to know, how to measure the volume or diameter of a droplet of water from a sprinkler. I'm fine if you give it as a formula or description.
2423:

I am doing a project on DNA sequence and on how changes in the sequence cause disorders. For example, cystic fibrosis is caused by a recessive allele. When you look at that string of DNA you can see there are three DNA bases missing. Here are my questions I need answered:

1) What kind of technology you would use when looking for the DNA impurities?

2) In the sequences is it easy to point out the mistakes or are they hard to see?

3) Is a specific name for this action or do I just call it DNA sequencing?

4) Is it possible to replace the mistakes with the correct sequence?

--Thank you

2424: Hi, I'm a high school student doing a project. How storage temperature affects the pH levels in orange juice?
2425: My science teacher gave us an assignment to "adopt" an element. I was wondering if any of you could tell me a little relevant information about my element, Argon. Thank you.
2426: If a plant didn't have chlorophyll, what color would it be?
2427: Is it true that if you laugh a lot, you will live longer? if so why?
2428: How do you get head aches? Why?
2429: Why is blood red?
2430: I was wondering if someone could give me some info for my project about the element meitnerium. Thanks.
2431: Does Argon turn sky blue or lavender when electricty is ran through it? Thanks
2432: Hi, I am doing a science project on nitrogen and I was wondering if you could give me some imformation on it by chance.
Thank you

2433: Do you have any interesting information on the element Beryllium?
2434: What does Vitamin D have to do with calcium?
2435: Hello, I was wondering if you had any interesting or unique information on the element, titanium.
2436: Hi, I was wondering if you have any unique information for the use of calcium, the element.
2437: What are some interesting facts that I could learn from you that I could not find on the internet about the element, Antimony? Also, is it possible to find it as a solid even though it melts at over 1000 degrees f?
2438: Hello, I am doing a science project on the element Zinc. I was wondering if you could help me with relevant information about it.
2439: What is xenon used in? What is xenon mostly used in? How long did it take for Sir William Ramsay and Morris M. Travers to find the element xenon?
2440: How does the creation of element 118, Ununoctium, give us insight to the creation of the universe.
2441:

Dear UCSB Scientist,
My class and I are learning about seasons and about weather. Today is sunny. We heard that tomorrow there is supposed to be rain. How can weather change so fast?
Thank you so much!


2442: If a plant is dead and you put it into a cup with water and food coloring will it still change color?
2443:

I am a mexican oceaographer that works in the Mexican caribbean coast. I would like to obtain a copy of the article:

Groundwater reorganization in the Floridan aquifer following Holocene sea-level rise-Nature Geoscience 3, 683 - 687 (2010).

Yours faithful,


2444:

I was wondering if anyone at UCSB could tell me what soil composition is like after a fire (I couldn't find a usable resource)?


2445: What is the composition of fabric, specifically cotton, wool, fleece, and polyester?
2446:

How can I measure the amount of minerals the plants are taking in through their roots and leaves?

I want to compare the recovery of native and non- native plants after fire.


2447: I've read about butanolides (a family of chemicals found in smoke) in an article from the LA Times, and it said that they increase plant growth and I was wondering how I could get butanolides for a possible experiment?
2448: What is the melting point of a candle?
2449: How does water affect fabric?
2450: What are the contents of wicks?
2451: What are the differnet types of wax?
2452: What are the contents of wax and paraffin?
2453: Do fabrics contain absorbent properties? If so what?
2454: What happens to the space inside the balloon when you release the air inside it?
2455:

Kangen water? I am sure you have heard about this amazing product that is such a great antioxidant that super hydrates by reducing H2O clusters to 5 or 6 atoms! Is this a scam? Can you change the clustering of H2O by changing the pH?

Hello and hope all is well.


2456: Hello- We are doing an osmosis lab involving a decalcified egg in water, salt water and corn syrup to show how concentration affects the movement of water across a membrane. The egg shrinks in salt water and corn syrup and swells in fresh water due to osmosis- pretty straightforward stuff. One of the students asked what would happen if we put the egg in oil as opposed to the other solutions being tested- great idea, so we hypothesized and tested. We supposed that since oil has no water in it, it represents an area of higher concentration, and therefore the water should move out of the egg and into the oil. This did not happen. The egg did not appear to lose any water, and with testing, it actually seems to have gained a bit of mass. What gives? Is this due to the nonpolar nature of the oil? I am stumped and looking for a decent explanation for my students. Thanks for your help!
2457: How do leaves change color during the fall?
2458: Hello! I was wondering about the following experiment: lets say that you have a laser, and that (single) laser is positioned parallel to one side of a triangle, and perpendicular to the second side, with the hypotenuse being 45 degrees to the left (or right - it doesnt matter) of where the laser would shoot a single photon. This is how the experiment goes: you turn on your laser and it shoots a single particle, moving at the speed of light (which you measure). But, you also record (using another camera or whatever) the reflection of the particle across the hypotenuse. (Or maybe this could be done in a dark room and you just measure the speed of the laser beam/photon across it visually. Another way you could do it is if you measure the speed by having two points on the hypotenuse that measure when light passes across them, and you could measure the time it would take for the reflection to go between those points... that way if you know the distance between them you can calculate the speed of the reflection) Because the hypotenuse is longer than the distance that the particle moved (and was traversed in the same amount of time) the reflection should be measured as moving faster than light, or "back in time". From what I have been able to figure out I dont think you'll have to deal with time dilation effects or anything fancy like that, so: Would this be the case?! Please explain why or why not. Thank you so much for your help!! Have a great day!
2459: Hello! Ive heard of a retro causality quantum entanglement experiment that has been proposed by John G. Cramer at the University of Washington. Ive tried to look over some of the theory about it but havent been able to get my hands on too much info... What are your opinions about it? Does it seem that using quantum entanglement you may be able to create a retro causality phenomenon in the way proposed by John Cramer? Thanks for the help!
2460: We have been having classes about drug abuse and how to avoid it (D.A.R.E. program from the School District). Is the problem with alcoholism related to our parents' genes or is it something we humans get by drinking too much alcohol?
2461: What nutrients are taken out of soil when people use too much fertilizer?
2462: Hi, I went to visit the Hoover Dam and I realized that the energy cables were very noisy, like a bee sound. Is this sound caused by a magnetic field? Can you explain to me the reason of that noise?
2463: I want to know why we always look at the same face of the moon. Can you explain to me the reason?
2464: We are doing art with color paper and bleach. The students want to know why the bleach makes the paper white. Can you explain the chemical reaction behind? Thank you very much.
2465: Are all plant cells square and all animal cells more round in shape?
2466: Hi! Thanks for answering my previous questions. Considering the fact that a particle moving at (.999)c could be seen as moving at a speed greater than c if observed on the hypotenuse (but contains no information), could not you create a situation where that particle does contain information? This is sort of based on the tachyon antitelephone example: Let's assume that you have one person at the ends of the hypotenuse, person one sends a signal at c (or vc along the hypotenuse, the reply could cover "more" distance in "less" time and appear to go against causality. Is this true? Would such a set-up go against causality (to one extent or the other)? Sorry for the long question, but thank you so much for your help!!
2467: What is color blindness, how can you tell when you get it and are there any treatments to get rid of it?
2468: Are there any colors that human beings can not see?
2469: Is silk made of living thing?
2470: How many chromosomes do butterflies have? My teacher and I have a debate on if they have 380 chromosomes or 20-40.
2471: What would happen if you spilled a glass of water out in space?
2472: How different are the atmospheres of Venus, Earth, and Mars? Can you tell me the characteristics that make them different? Has any of these three planets a very different atmosphere from the other two?
2473: A cement compound CaO.Al2O3.10H2O gives certain peaks when using the powder diffraction method. The compound now increases its water of crystallization to become CaO.Al2O3.11H2O. Will the diffraction pattern obtained be basically the same as the former, with only a slight difference, which corresponds to a slight increase in the d spacing? Or will the diffraction pattern be an entirely different pattern?
2474:

In a voltaic pile with copper and zinc as the two metals and with aqueous sodium chloride (salt water) as the electrolyte, what happens to the electrons and ions and what reactions occur?

I understand that in a copper/zinc voltaic pile using sulfuric acid as the electrolyte, the zinc electrode decomposes into positive zinc ions (which dissolve into the electrolyte) and 2 electrons, which travel through the exterior wire to the copper electrode. At the copper electrode, the electrons are then accepted by positive hydrogen ions from the electrolyte solution which form hydrogen gas at the copper electrode.

The problem I see when this is adapted to a sodium chloride electrolyte is that the positive deposited ion would be pure sodium and it seems unlikely that sodium would form in its pure form both because zinc cannot reduce sodium (being lower in the reduction potential list) and because sodium is very hard to obtain in its pure form. Nonetheless, using a sodium chloride electrolyte for a voltaic pile seems to work frequently in many household experiments (according to my research),

So my question is: What is going on? Is there a new, different reaction? What happens to the ions and electrons?


2475: We have learned how water evaporates or vaporizes, then later condenses and falls down as rain. We also learned that some gases can be dissolved in rainwater and cause acid rain. Then we did a lab in class and discovered that alcohol evaporates very quickly! Where does all that alcohol go? Can it condense and rain down on us?
2476: Where is the wettest land mass on Earth?
2477: Why do balloons explode when they are put in soap water?
2478: When you put dry ice in an aquarium partly filled with water, you see a layer of white mist develop. Is the white mist the CO2 itself or is it water condensation resulting from the lowered temperature?
2479: Are nuclear power plants safe?
2480:

After reading some stuff on ferrofluids, my son hypothesized that stronger magnets next to ferrofluids would create smaller spikes than weaker magnets. It turned out it was not true, although the differences were minimal and there were also several problems with taking the measurements. But whatever the right hypothesis is, what makes the difference? Here is the passage we took from somewhere on the web that is confusing to me. Before I paste it below, let me say that it raises my question 2: the relationship between magnetic field, magnetic force, and magnets. I know this is too big a question and might be answered with a simple explanation for question 1 (if there is a simple explanation...).

"The stronger the field, the smaller the spikes. In the weedy field from a ferrite magnet you'll get just a smooth mound of fluid with a few spikes where the field is strongest, but the spikes get a lot smaller when you're playing with one of the bigger neodymium magnets."


Thanks so much!

2481: I am wondering if there is a possibility of a limnic eruption in lake Michigan?
2482: Hello! Recently I viewed an article on wired.com titled "A User's Guide to Time Travel," of course I can't say that it was very helpful in demonstrating practical time travel, (these kinds of articles never do that, lol) the ideas that it proposed were interesting (I thought the pictures were nice, too). Anyway, on the second page of the article the author talked about a "Gott Shell". Now from what I understand, it would work by producing a time dilation effect because of the incredible mass of the Shell, "propelling" the traveler into the future. In essence the greater the mass, which produces a greater escape velocity, creates a large time dilation effect. (relative to someone outside the sphere, of course) The author mentioned how it could only work in one direction - toward the future. But, after thinking about it, I wondered: What if you got so much mass together that the escape velocity of your Gott Shell exceeded the speed of light (sort of like a black hole, but thats beside the point)? Wouldnt you, due to the fact that youre in the center of the shell, ("experiencing" the time dilation effects) now "move" back in time? Keep in mind that this is purely a thought experiment, and would most likely never be possible in reality. Why or why not? Thanks for your help!!
2483: Hello! Recently I also looked at some articles that discussed Quantum Entanglement and "teleportation" in time. Apparently, from what I was able to understand, entanglement can also be used across time (as well as thru space, as we all knew). Have you guys heard of this? What kind of implications may this have, and exactly how do they plan to create entangled particles that are entangled across time? Thanks for your help!!!
2484: I have a simple question regarding basic thought experiments to do with special relativity (which we just started in school). The thought experiment our class went through to explain time dilation was of a train travelling at relativistic speeds with a pulse of light moving up and down in a straight line within the train (reflecting off a mirror on the roof). Relative to an outside stationary observer, the light pulse is moving over a greater distance than just up and down (it is travelling the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle because of the train's motion on the x-direction), but because light travels at 'c' in every reference frame, the pulse must still travel at the same speed 'c' relative to the outside observer. Hence, because it travels a greater distance with the same speed, it must take longer to do so and hence time will appear to be running slower within the train - relative to the man outside. I understand the logic behind this however it seems to me that the thought experiment could be turned on its head by changing the direction the pulse is fired at. Say for example that instead of straight up and down, the light pulse is shot in a direction opposite to that of the trains motion, with an x-component equal to the motion of the train (i.e. if the train is travelling right at 0.5 'c', then the light pulse is fired left with an x-component of 0.5 'c'). If this were the case, the stationary man outside would now see the pulse travelling straight up and down relative to him and therefore see the pulse travelling a smaller distance. because the pulse still travels at 'c' relative to the outside observer he will now see the pulse travelling a smaller distance with the same speed, i.e. in a quicker time. To the outside observer, time now looks as if it has sped up inside the train (but of course this must be wrong because 'time dilation' says that time will always slow down for a stationary observer looking into a fast moving reference frame) I am wondering what exactly is wrong with this thought experiment. it uses the same logic as the original thought experiment (which was taught in my syllabus) but achieves the opposite result, it seems to prove time 'contraction' rather than time dilation. Help would be greatly appreciated.
2485: In the advanced chemistry textbook we are using, Chemistry, 7th edition, Zumdahl and Zumdahl, the electric dipole moment is defined to point from the positive charge center toward the negative charge center. (page 335) Can you tell me why this would be the definition, since they also state that the dipole moment will align with the electric field. (page 336) It is well-known that the electric field vector between a pair of metal plates points from the positive plate toward the negative plate. And in physics classes, I always learned that the electric dipole points from negative toward the positive.
2486: Do fractals appear in home grown crystals?
2487: Could I feed a translucent fish food coloring and will it change color?
2488: Is there a thread that can support human weight (like spidermans' webshooter)?
2489:

Thank you so much for your answers. School is going great! I will also discuss this with my professors. But just to clear up some confusion that I had, I always believed that time "stopped" on the event horizon (not the singularity), and the singularity was just, as you said, a point of zero dimensions, infinite gravity, density, etc. (Most people think that this is just where relativity and physics in general breaks down, but I don't know enough to talk about that) I have always compared the event horizon to the speed of light, in other words, if you take into account what an outside observer would see if a person fell into a black hole it would be similar to what they would see if a person began approaching the speed of light. If you look at someone who is continually accelerating and approaching c, you would see them get closer and closer to the speed of light but never actually get there (from your point of view), you would also observe their clocks running differently than yours. Now if you look at someone falling into a black hole, you would see much of the same thing: the person who is falling in continually approaches the event horizon, but never actually gets there (from your point of view) you also, like the speed of light example, see their clock run slower than yours. So I have always thought of the event horizon like reaching the speed of light - if you reach the speed of light time "stops" for you relative to the outside observer, and if you reach the event horizon time "stops" for you relative to an outside observer. But what is nice about a black hole is that the person falling in can actually pass the event horizon (never mind the fact that he or she can never get out - this is purely a thought experiment so we do not have to worry about that). Eventually you reach the singularity, but I don't think we can really describe that point in the detail we want with the physics we have. So what happens between the event horizon and the singularity? Where gravity is strong enough to prevent light from escaping but does not yet equal infinity? This is where I might have gone wrong, but I have always thought of this as "exceeding" the speed of light (because you have past the event horizon, which was like the speed of light). Now we all know that for the person falling in, time would pass at a perfectly "normal" rate, but how would he or she see time in the rest of the universe pass (If they even could see the rest of the universe at this point)? Or how would you see their time pass if you could look into the black hole? Would being in a gravitational field that has an escape velocity greater than c but lower than infinity be equal to a velocity greater than c (or would it have the same effects as a velocity greater than c but less than infinity - because we really cant describe infinity)? The whole point of these questions is to try andm understand if time "travel" to the past is even a remote theoretical possibility using this method.

Thank you again for your help, it is greatly appreciated!


2490: What is it that salt enriches flavors?
2491: How do you Earth Scientists see fractals along the coasts?
2492: Why is it that a lightbulb requires a filament, or a different process, (depending on the type of lightbulb) while a radio transmitter uses an antennae? They are both photons, no?
2493: Why is it that quartz vibrates when it is exposed to electricity?
2494: What was the reason why Chernobyl power plant had that big accident in the past?
2495: When does a baby start having memories that affect her/his behavior when she/he becomes a grown up?
2496: What are some examples of solid surfactants that are insoluble in water?
2497: Would it be possible to contain a surfactant in a thin membrane or capsule of some sort so that it does not mix with water, while still allowing it to interact with water (to lower the surface tension of water)? If so, how would that be done?
Thank you so much for your help!

2498: What are some examples of liquid surfactants that are immiscible in water?
2499: What are fossils made of?
2500: Is Spinosaurus the biggest dinosaur? How many teeth does it have?
2501: Why doesn't the earth sink?
2502: What is the reaction of a plant when you add Clorox?
2503: When I take the air out of a container with a plastic bag in it the bag inflates. I need to know why and how to explain it for my project.
2504: How does the sea make the rain?
2505: How does a mummy body stay the same?
2506: Why are the volcanoes important to the plants on earth?
2507: how go people clean water from the poop plant in Santa Barbara
2508: Hello! I have a chemistry question regarding surfactants, that my teachers here arent able to answer (also I only have a very basic understanding of chemistry at this point, so this is far beyond Ive done). Here it is: Are there any surfactants out there that do not dissolve in water and can be made into (or already are) solids while still maintaining their surface-tension reducing properties? Thanks in advance!!
2509: Hello! Is it possible to turn a synthetic surfactant (which is based on petro-chemicals) into a polymer or plastic of some sort while still maintaining its ability to reduce surface tension (and making it into a solid)? Thanks in advance!!
2510: Hello, I was woundering if you could give me some information on the compound CH3 for a science project. Thank you
2511: What is the molecular shape of Ibuprofen? And, may you please give me any opinions of yours on this molecule. It's for my science project.
2512: What is something about the bond angle of the molecule, Glucose?
2513: Hi, I am an 8th grade student doing a project on molecules and I need to know why the molecule diamond is in that kind of shape.
2514: Hi, I am also doing a projecty on Sulfur trioxide and I need to know why it is in that shape.
2515: We have chickens. For our science fair I want to die the color of their food and water to see if it effects the color of their eggs. Can this hurt them?
2516: Do you think scientists will ever create a wormhole? And if they are able to create a wormhole how will they control it so as to take us places that humans can live comfortably?
2517: How dose the sea make the rain? Is it the wind or the waves?
2518: For my science project I am doing buckminsterfullerene aka buckyball aka C60. For that project we have to include a quote from an expert of the subject matter. So I was wondering if you have any information on that molecule and maybe some of its uses. Thank You Anna Manfreda Grade 8
2519: Do you have any information on Butylated Hydroxytoluene that you are willing to share for my school project? --Thanx
2520: I've been looking all over the internet to find out why some tsunamis result in drawdown before the surge. I understand the drawdown is the trough of the wave, but how can a trough lead the crest of a wave generated by uplift, like the Sumatra and Japanese quakes? Does drawdown result from the 'backside' of the wave? I'm imagining something like this for the Japanese tsunami--the seafloor uplifted westward, lifting the surface water in the direction of Japan, and the 'fill-in' water created a trough that then was pushed eastward by the uplifted water returning to 'sea level'? Please help me figure this out--my students ask me and I don't know what to tell them... Thanks! RJ
2521: How do balls bounce? Does it have to do with gravity?
2522: Can humans bring dinosaurs back to life like Frankenstein?
2523: How old does a triceratops have to be to mate and lay eggs?
2524: Why and how do saber tooth cats attack mammoths?
2525: How does a TV send signals from the studio to my living room? Does it break down the picture into microscopic particles?
2526: How much Oxygen does the air have in it?
2527: How much Oxygen does the air have in it at 20 feet above sea level?
2528: How does a nuclear meltdown occur, and how can it be averted?
2529: How many teeth is a shark supposed to have?
2530: How long is a gray whale? Can it be as big as 5 school buses?
2531: How is that you get seasick when you are on a boat?
2532: Is the radioactive material being released into the environment in Japan worse than what is released from coal fired power plants continuously?
2533: Is there an experiment that can prove why ocean water looks blue, some green and some light brown in color?
2534: How long does it take for mountains to grow(in years/decades)?
2535: Do you have a science clud for middle school after school or in summer? I would like to participate.. hands on or even as a volunteer..
2536: How are these baby whales born and what do they eat? Can male whales have babies?
2537: How do whales migrate to different places and how do they know where to migrate?
2538: Why do blue whales go to Hawaii and not somewhere else?
2539: What is the average number of whales born in a year?
2540: How many types of whales are there?
2541: How long do whales live?
2542: Why do not all whales of all kinds travel in herds?
2543: Why do sperm whales come to Santa Barbara?
2544: Why are whales mammals and not fish? What are the characteristics of mammals?
2545: How many bones does a whale have?
2546: How many teeth does an orca have? Is the Orca a killer whale and what does it eat?
2547: How do whales communicate?
2548: Do whales fight?
2549: What are the different places where whales live?
2550: How do you call a scientist that studies dolphins?
2551: Why do whales flip their tails in the air?
2552: How do you call a scientist that studies whales?
2553:

Hello! Is it possible to convert from the time dilation effects caused by velocity to the time dilation effects caused by gravity? In other words, if one calculates the time dilation effect caused by a given velocity, how can one calculate the gravity needed to create that same effect using acceleration? I dont know if I am explaining this in a way that makes total sense, but I would like to know how to convert time dilation values due to velocity to time dilation values due to gravity. I know that acceleration is velocity changing over time so I assume any conversion would have to take that into consideration, I am just not sure how to due that using the time dilation formulas that I have (for velocity and gravity). Thank you for your help!

2554: After how many generation of Chromosomal crossover will human beings stop?
2555: Hello, I have a question regarding wormholes and quantum entanglement. I know that, theoretically, if one was to take two ends of a wormhole and keep one stationary while one moves around, it would be possible to travel back in time. Could this be duplicated practically by using entangled particles - due to the fact that they are connected instantly much like the two ends of a wormhole? In this experiment, one would keep one particle stationary while moving the other one in a particle accelerator or something like that, to observe the time dilation effects between them (hopefully resulting in some form of backwards time travel effects, like the case with the wormholes). What is your opinion on this? And is it right to compare wormholes to entangled particles because of their similar characteristics (with regard to connecting different points in space - or different particles separated by space) instantly? Thank you for your help!
2556: Why is tungsten used for filaments in light bulbs when nichrome's resistivity is so much higher?
2557: Hello, I was looking online about the Nernst equation, and someone was talking about the idea that if the value of the reaction quotient ends up being 1, the temperature of the system will have no effect on the cell potential. With the equation, the log of 1 is zero, so I can see where they got that from. However, I would think under Le Chatelier's principle, a change in temperature would still affect the voltage. Now using the relationship between Gibbs free energy (∆G) and ∆G under standard condition- ∆G=∆G(Standard condition)+RT*Ln Q- It appears that when Q=1, the temperature has no effect. Why would this hold true and how would that pertain to the value of the cell potential at different temperatures?
2558: What colors of light are used in land plant photosynthesis?
2559: Dear Scientists, We have learned about weather and the water cycle. If rain is clear and snow is white, why are rain/snow clouds dark and gray. They almost look black. Thank you, The Students in Room 5
2560: Why is the Dead Sea so salty?
2561:

I'm still curious about the result of my project.

read- about

For your information, I've used XRD to determine the element of the 'rock'. If you remember, I'd sent you a micrograph pictures (using SEM) of the 'rock' last week.

I've attached some result of XRD. Hope you can give your opinion either it is fossil or not. I really appreciate your cooperation. Million thanks..:)


2562: How does the Coriolis Effect affect the weather on Earth? Does the Coriolis Effect work in the same way above and below the equator?
2563: How are the electrons attached to the atom? Is there a way in which they are arranged around the nucleus?
2564: I would like to know the difference between Inorganic and Organic Chemistry from the atomic point of view. Thank you.
2565: How are scientists able to figure out what the half life of an atom is when a half life can be billions of years? Do you ever completely get rid of radioactive atoms? How are we able to age the oldest rock that is 4 billion years old?
2566: How do Auroras(Artic Lights)form?
2567: How do new born whales know what to do?
2568: How do iguanas reproduce? Do they lay eggs or give live births?
2569: Would modern technology advance in the next 10 years?
2570: I am studying a polished cross-sectional piece of an igneous rock. How do I determine which phases/ compounds crystallize first (from the molten material) from the micro graphs taken?
2571: Where does a balloon go when it flies up into the air ? Does it pop or keep on going? Does it run out of helium and just float down or does it go into the atmosphere?
2572: Does smoke make the atmosphere thicker?
2573: Why is the sky blue?
2574: What causes a tornado to reach the ground?
2575: Is a tornado more dangerous on the ground?
2576: Is coral bleached by higher temperatures?
2577: Do cow farts contribute to global warming?
2578: Today in Physics class we learned that a wire with an electric current flowing through it creates a magnetic field. I was wondering why electrical power lines do not repel or attract each other even though they have large amounts of electrical current flowing through them.
2579: Which are the places (countries/oceans) where whales live?
2580: What common ancestor do humans and other mammals share?
2581: What is the synthesis reaction for aspirin?
2582: If a human had been uploaded with a computer program, how could one test his brain to prove it, and determine who the originator of that program was?
2583: How can obligate anaerobe bacteria can survive without respiration of oxygen!?
2584: How can I clean liquor bottles or liquor tanks that have been used in the manufacturing of country liquor?
2585: Why can people see more clearly when they squint their eyes?
2586: How do snails reproduce?
2587: How fast do rain drops fall?
2588: How did the "Ring Of Fire" come to be? Or form?
2589: During the Bucky Ball presentation at the MRL, we learned that bacteria have magnetic particles inside. Can you explain why and what for do this magnetic particles are there?
2590: How is that a computer can make fast calculations?
2591: Hello, Recently I was also shown the classic free energy example of a steel ball rolling up a ramp with a magnet on top, only for the steel ball to fall back to its original place... with the process restarting. Of course, this could never work, but I was wondering, what if one was to put a thick copper tube along the ramp, and replace the steel ball with a magnetic ball. By doing this, the eddy currents produced by the steel ball in the copper tube as it is attracted to the top will slow it down. If one makes a hole in the ramp, the slow speed of the magnetic ball should allow it to easily fall through, to its original place. Would the addition of the copper tube (with some tinkering) allow such a device to work? Thank you for your help!! Best,
2592: What part of the ear makes a person go deaf?
2593: What is the effect of light on the color of grass leaves (as a phenotype)? What is the effect on the color in absence of light?
2594: What is the function of a plant cell and what is the function of an animal cell? Are their functions different?
2595: Based on evolution,why did insects start of so large and become very small today?
2596: In my AP Chemistry class, we first learned that the standard temperature for gases is 273 K, but later, when we studied free energy and electrochemistry, we learned that standard temperature is 298 K. Why does standard temperature differ between these concepts?
2597: Hello,

I know that time "stops" at the speed of light, but at what gravity does time "stop"...??

To clarify: From my knowledge of special relativity, if an outside observer were to watch someone move at the speed of light (which is impossible, but bear with me for the example's sake), the time for the person moving at the speed of light would "stop" (from the outside observer's point of view). Knowing this, I wonder if this is also somehow applicable in general relativity (in my opinion, there should be some sort of equivalence between the effects of moving at the speed of light (in our example) and a large enough gravitational field. I also think that, because the speed of light is finite, so should the gravitational strength required to "stop" time using gravity be finite). So my question is: how strong does a gravitational field have to be to "stop" time for an object experiencing the gravity (from the perspective of an outside observer, of course)?? Please show the math behind the answer, if possible. Thank you!!


2598: Can you guys take a look at the formulas given click here to see to calculate how strong a gravitational field would have to be to stop and reverse time? I need to know if this is a real formula, and if the claims made (that time stops at the event horizon, etc.) on the website are valid. Thank you so much for your help! Best Regards,
2599: How do we get marshmallows to expand?
2600:

I am doing great, thank you for asking! I also want to thank Anthony and Andy for answering my question! I have tried to calculate the Schwarzschild radius before, but I had some trouble doing it. From what I was doing, I wanted to calculate the gravity of a black hole at the event horizon (I'm also assuming that the gravity of all black holes at their event horizons has the same value) with the assumption that that gravitational strength would be enough to stop time (from an outsider's perspective). I assumed that time would "stop" at the event horizon because, as an object approaches the event horizon, an outside observer perceives it in similar ways to if the object was approaching the speed of light (ex. time slows for the object to almost stopping nearing the horizon, its acceleration "slows", it never actually crosses the horizon... all factors that would also be attributed to that object if it was approaching the speed of light).

Anyway, I'm having trouble with the idea that an outside observer would only see time for the object stop at the singularity (at infinite gravity), when in fact time slows to almost stopping as it gets closer and closer to the event horizon, where gravity is still finite (that's why I assumed it "stops" at the horizon from the perspective of an outside observer). As I was doing some more research, I came upon some information that would describe how far an object would move back in time if it was moving faster than light (using special relativity). I was wondering if I could use the same idea and apply the information to general relativity (using the formulas for general relativity, of course), in order to mathematically calculate the required gravitational strength to stop/reverse time (just like the info in the attachment calculated the required speed to reverse time). On what I read, the author uses the Lorentz transformation to calculate how far back in time an object would go if it moved at a speed greater than the speed of light (from the perspective of an outside observer). Is there a counterpart of the Lorentz transformation in general relativity that I could use in order to calculate the gravity needed to stop/reverse time? If not, what could I use to do such a calculation?

Once again, I would just like to thank you guys for all your help regarding this subject. I only have a limited (but growing!) knowledge of relativity, and your answers have been very important in helping me gain a deeper understanding of how this theory works. Thank you!

Best Regards,

2601: After playing around with the formula for gravitational time dilation, I have noticed that, as the gravitational potential equals (- c2/2) time "stops". If you go beyond that time becomes imaginary. Of course, using this formula I'm not able to calculate how far "back" in time an outside observer will perceive someone going if they encounter a gravitational potential of this value (the formula wont let me calculate that). However, I know that, in general relativity, the gravitational potential is replaced by the metric tensor. I assume that if I was to implement the metric tensor I would be able to calculate how far "back" in time someone will travel (from the perspective of an outside observer) in the same way that the author of Space-time physics was able to calculate how far back in time an object will travel if it moves faster than light (from the perspective of an outside observer). I have included another copy of that information in the attachment. What metric tensor do I use to perform the coordinate calculations in order to calculate how far "back" in time an object would go (from the perspective of an outside observer)? How do I perform those calculations? Thank you for the help!
Best,

2602: What living things do not have vertebrates?
2603: Can goldfish live in a bowl that has food coloring in the water? Thank you.
2604: Why are spiders dangerous?
2605: Why electric lines do not attract each other?
2606: What is in silk that makes it a fiber that we can wear in any season?
2607: So, if plasmas are super-heated gases, could all matter theoretically be turned into plasma with enough energy input? (ex: CO2? water? gold?) Also, on the opposite end of the spectrum, are the materials that do not form solids, even near Absolute Zero?
2608: How can we test the effectiveness of rubbing alcohol in killing bacteria?
2609: How many micrograms of VOCs, especially formaldehyde, xylene, and benzene can a typical air purifier filter?
2610: How do seals reproduce?
2611: How does a car cell phone charger work (physics)?
2612: Why the exoskeleton present at joints is flexible and soft? Significance?
2613: What are the functions of abscisins in plants?
2614: Can absolute zero stop time?
2615: Is there another way to stop time than traveling at light speed? I learned that mass can't go at light speed unless we have infinite energy (which we don't). If there are other ways of stopping time, won't it be so much easier?
2616: Will a zombie apocalypse ever happen?
2617: Before the Big Bang, was the universe matter or energy?
2618: How do photons travel so fast? Is there a way to stop them?
2619: If there is no time before the Big Bang, then how can the Big Bang happen? Was not everything stopped?
2620: Hello, I saw an article online about these things called "Geons" and was wondering if there has been any real research done regarding them. I have a few questions: Have Geons (geon is an electromagnetic or gravitational wave which is held together in a confined region by the gravitational attraction of its own field energy) ever been observed, or are they purely theoretical? Would it be possible to produce a Geon? Because a Geon is in a confined region, would it have any gravitational effects beyond its region? Is it possible to calculate the nessesary field strength to produce a Geon? Thank you for your help! Best, Fineas
2621: If there are people in other universes, and they are watching the Big Bang that created ours. What will they see?
2622: We are a drama club and want to do a skit about being silent, when you see something done wrong. We want the actors to have blood on their hands (representing "if you're silent, the blood of that person who is being mistreated is on your hands). So the fake blood is made of corn syrup and food color. We want before our audience, to put the blooded hands into a clear glass bowl that is filled with water. When the actor brings his hand out of the water, we want his hands to be clean with no blood and the water to still be clear with no red residue. We would need to put something in the water that would not damager the actor's skin or hands, but would give us the result of a clean hand and clear water. DO YOU KNOW WHAT WE COULD PUT IN THE WATER SO THAT THE WATER WOULD STAY CLEAR AND THE HAND WOULD BE CLEAN?? Thank you so MUCH for your prompt responds to this question. We have to perform it on August 20th.
2623: Why do cows have splotches?
2624: How do animals react to weightlessness?
2625: What is an effective way to make aluminum powder from a house setting? I've heard you can chop up deodorant or antacids and dissolve them in alcohol, then skim off the top layer. The bottom layer can then be mixed with sulphuric acid to pull the aluminum out. How effective is this? Are there any more effective ways?
2626: How do scientists known what the center of the earth is?
2627: Is there a sixth human body sense and how does it work?
2628: How many teeth do sharks have?
2629: How is magma formed?
2630: How do you make magma?
2631: How many particles run through the human body?
2632: How do scientists make crystals?
2633: How many teeth does a Great White Shark have?
2634: Why any number to the zero power always gives a one?
2635: I have never heard of an event without time passing. If the Big Bang created time and there is no time before the Bang, then the Bang shouldn't even happened, unless there is something special about this event that does not need time to happen.
2636: How many times does your heart beat?
2637: How are eathworms created?
2638: What percentage of Earth are rocks, compared to soil and water?
2639: If I put food coloring in my veins, will it kill me? I want to know if my veins will change color for a science fair project.
2640: How many teeth do whales have?
2641: How do spiders construct webs that are in the middle of two distant objects?
2642: Why the Bode Law fails to predict Neptunes orbit?
2643:

This is a sealed room to only grow plants. I will be introducing C02 @ 1500 PPM to maximize growth, and I do not want to ventilate the room and loose my C02. So, I will have to introduce oxygen to the room. I know that we have about 21% in our atmosphere but I do not know what the Oxygen level needs to be in order to grow healthy plants?

This is the last thing I will need to know to finish my set up, everything else is in place and ready for plants.

I hope that you can find an answer for me as I have not been very successful on my own.

Thank you

2644: Can a certain kind of food coloring affect a certain type of plants growth?
2645: Hello! How are you guys? Im continuing my second year here at PSU and am exited to begin another physics class. Ive been looking over some basic magnetics stuff and came upon a "Fun with Magnets" video while searching the net. The video can be found at the following link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXglgoF2eg It was one of several videos that I found while I was searching for some basic magnetism kits, but I found this one the most interesting. Id like to try and make one for a demonstration, and it looks simple enought to build (the creator says it uses permanent magnets), but im still trying to figure out exactly how the magnets are configured to make the cylinder magnet follow the shape of the arc. I was wondering if you guys had any ideas? Thanks a lot and have a great day!
2646: We are a group of people interested in building a childrens playground in the Huasteca Mountains of Mexico. We need a ceiling material which can let the light pass through, but also be resistant and environmentally friendly. According to our research we think that ETFT plastic can be a good choice for our project, but we would like your advice as experts in Materials Science. Any help will be appreciated.
2647: Why animal cells have more variety in shape than plant cells?
2648: I read the news this morning that scientists found some particles (neutrinos) which can travel faster than the speed of light. Is it real and possible?
2649: After treepods catch CO2 from the environment, what do you do with this CO2?
2650: How was Continental Drift and Inter Continental distance measured before satellite technology available and how accurate was it
2651: R-410A refrigerant (an azeotropic mixture of Difluoromethane and Pentofluoruethane) has replaced R-22 refrigerant for environmental reasons - What is the quality or aspect of R- 410A which means that it has to operate at a much higher pressure than R-22?
2652: Bacteria was discovered. It was whitish, yellowish with a green tint. It had circles in it. it was a slimy texture that was of thin substance. It had a bubble surface and it was translucent. What type of bacteria was it?
2653: Would an emptied soda can implode or explode in space?
2654: For animal science our teacher wants us to die a fish a different color. How would I go about doing this? Or can I just get a white fish and out like 2 drops of food color on each side of him ? Because I have a 3.0 GPA looking at going into collage next year, this is 50% of 1st semesters grade. Thanks!
2655: What diseases do bananas and fish carry? (Mercury, Tiny diseases on banana, etc.) How do safely carry food from one place to another without diseases getting on the food? This is for a very important group project. Thank you!
2656: Are viruses alive? What about prions?
2657: A classic experiment involves growing beans in wet cotton. Can the same be done in hydrated sodium polyacrylate?
2658: Hello,
I am interested in studying how fingerprints develop and form in different people. Is there anyone at UCSB who could help me find out more about how fingerprints exactly form? I would also be interested in possibly working with someone who researches embryological development because I think that it relates to the development of fingerprints. Thank you very much,

2659: Why do two air molecules, separating at the same time, and one going along the "straight" bottom of an airplane wing and one going along the curved top of the wing have to arrive at the back of the wing at the same time? Or do they? Isn't that what creates lift?
2660: Would light ever stop traveling if there were no objects to absorb the light.
2661: If an Producer is an organism that makes its own food. And a Herbivore is a plant eating animal what is something like a venus fly-trap be?
2662: Dear UCSB Scientists,
I am interested in doing a science fair project on fluorescence. I would enjoy having a chemist to help me create a fluorescent chemical for my experiment. Would anyone be able to guide or advise me please?
Thank you very much,

2663: What occurs at plate boundaries that are associated with seafloor spreading?
2664: How do different forms of teaching, including text, visuals, and audio learning, affect students' comprehension tests? Which age and STAR test score level was affected the most?
2665: How does the amount of pressure put on students to perform well affect their test scores?
2666: How to test or create better questions for testing? I would like to perform a good high school level project. Any suggestions on would be greatly appreciated.
2667: In which different ways can you test fingerprints? I would be very greatful for your answers!

Thank you very much


2668: How do different surfaces affect the preservation of finger prints?
2669:

I want to do experiment with my friend about goldfish. My question is:

Is a goldfish healthier living among water plants or in clean water?

I need your help. How to do this experiment, what kind of materials do I need and I hope you can help me


Thanks

2670:

In science, I am starting a Science Fair project and I have a few questions that need to be answered for guidance and advice. My project is: How do the size, color and amount of time to see an image affect a person's image memory?

1) What do you suggest I should do to test the affects of different sizes, colors and amount of time to look at an image on a person's image memory?

2) How would I measure these effects?

3) What do you suggest I should do to record my data?

4) Does level of intelligence and age affect a person's image memory? How?

5) Based on your experiences, how do you think image memory affects a person or a community?

Thank you for taking the time to answer my questions.


2671: I am doing a project that has to do with music and test results. the tests are inkblot tests, and a word game test. I am going to play death metal, and then take their pulse, and then make them take the tests. then i'm going to compare the results to if i play jazz for them. I have to have a mentor to ask a question about, but im not sure what kind of job would have to do with this type of project. Can you help me?
2672: What Materials will I need to test the fastest way to heat fizzing water?
2673: Do finger prints stay heat sensitive longer depending on the surface the print is applied to?
2674: Why do we have fingerprints or 'prints' on only our palms and feet? Is there a difference between the types of the skin?
2675: What kind of baits are most effective to atract sharks? What are good spots to find sharks within a 15 mile range of the santa barbara harbor?
2676: Does temperature affect the amount of energy a solar panel receives?
2677: Are any beekeepers that could help me with my science fair project?
2678: How far will a homemade fire extinguisher shoot if we change the bottle size or the amount of baking soda?
2679: Why is gold stronger than platium?
2680: How can I get information or background research for handwriting analysis?
2681: How does a boat float if it's heavy?
2682: My question for my science fair project is how does age affect how quick you see an illusion? I was wondering what topics I should research for my background section? Thanks!
2683: What metal is more precious than platium?
2684: Do Football helmets contribute to head injuries and concussions in the NFL (National Football League)? I wanted to know if you had an instrument that measures force when is hit. Can you tell me what kind of instruments can I use to measure those forces?
2685: Are there more hurricanes in the northern hemisphere of the Earth, than in the South? If this is true, can you tell me why?
2686: Do the planets grow in size?
2687: Does color really affect the plants growth?
2688: My name is Hunter, I am a student at La Colina Junior High in 8th grade and I am doing a science fair. My teacher said that I need a mentor, my topic is forensics science. I need help finding a mentor, I hope that there is someone to be my mentor.
2689: Hi -
We are studying protozoa and have some questions about the shape of ameobas. In the slides & videos we've seen, the pseudopods look like arms that reach around and engulf a bacteria into a food vacuole. However, you can still see the bacteria... does that mean that there is no pseudopod "on top" of the bacteria? Or are pseudopods 3-dimentional? We don't know, since we've only seen them on slides, flattened under cover slips - what shape are ameobas when they float freely in the water?

2690: Does your eye color affect your eyesight? If so, I have hazel eyes, would I see better or worse than others? I'm just curious.
2691: Can a person live without gall bladder?
2692: Who is the oldest person in the world?
2693: What animals have the most bones in its body?
2694: How many circuits can you fit in the computer called MINAC (Miniature Navigation Airborne Computer)?
2695: What is the heaviest metal?
2696: Since the moon circles the earth once a month why is there not some type of eclipse every month?
2697: In Psychology, it is a well known fact that one can change oneself through positive self- affirmation & visualization .It is believed that the self-affirmations to the subconscious mind are best done in an already achieved mode. For example, a student who is weak in mathematics and wish to improve on it should say the self- affirmations as I am excellent at mathematics & also visualize himself as ALREADY being good at Math repeatedly. Or a person who is a coward could reprogram his mind by saying to himself, I am brave, etc. This is so that the subconscious mind is set with the positive intended goal and thus will program the whole body with the message. But the question is that such self-affirmation is not the truth (or not the truth yet). When he is telling himself that he is ALREADY being good at Math, he is actually lying to himself. So, would it better to say,I am getting better and better at Math rather than I am excellent at Math?
2698: What will happen to an egg if it is sent to space?
2699: How can a heavy boat float on top of water?
2700: Can you please tell me the digestive timeline for protein, fat, and starch?
2701: We have been learning about the immune response (natural killer cells, dendritic cells, t-cells, etc.) and I have a question: how many times a day / week / month does your immune system fight off viruses? Is it happening all the time?
2702: In General Relativity, can you explain to me in detail about what Albert Einstein proposed saying that gravity is not a force but it is space-time geometry? Would you explain why he proposed that?
2703: Can you enplain what caused the last big earthquake in Japan?
2704: I can see different layers of soil emerging from the Ocean at the beach when there is low tide. How were these layers formed?
2705: Do scientists ever use hypertonic solution to kill cancer cells?
2706: Hello, I am doing a science project for the science fair and I need to ask a proffessional a couple of questions for my project. Would you mind answering these questions for me? Why do different types of wrapping affect the spoilage of raspberries?
2707: Are baby lungs filled with air while in the womb? If not, what is inside the babies' lungs before they are born?
2708: How does the volume of "Pumped Up'd Kicks" by Foster the People, affect the heart rate of a person?
2709: What are the effects of grey water vs. fresh water? I am conducting an experiment and so far it looks like the grey water is doing better than the fresh watered plants.
2710: If you listen to a Country song, a Hip-Pop song, a Rock song, a Rap song, and a Jazz song, what type of song would make your heart rate the lowest(and highest)?
2711:

What is music therapy?

What type/tempo affects moods in what way?


2712: How long does it take for the temporal lobe to convert short-term memories into long-term memories?
GRACIAS!

2713: What are some elements in hair shampoo that would change the way it cleans the hair? Would any particular ingredients such as glycol distearate be less or more helpful?
2714: What influences memories? Does rapid movement not store as well as something that is still does?
2715: Is there a specific color that the brain reacts to?
2716: How does age affect sensory, short, and long term memory?
2717: My science fair project is: What direction do plant roots grow? If I change the postition of my plants I'm seeing if the roots grow with the pull of gravity or not. Where can I find more info?
2718: Why don't we remeber anything from our early lives?
2719: Why do some events stand out in our memory more than others?
2720: Could gender affect someone's memory?
2721: What section of the brain controls sensory, short, and long term memory?
2722: What exactly causes a memory from sensory to short term to long term memory?
2723: Do you believe that acronyms are a resourceful tool to remember things?
2724: Propylene glycol is said to be used in shampoo. Is this harmful to hair, and/or does it clean sebum better?
2725: There is an ingredient called detergent in shampoo, but that is a very broad concept. Could you explain it in a molecular form?
2726: Would the age or manufacturer of the shampoo change the quality or cleaning ability of the shampoo?
2727: I am testing three different variables to determine the quality and working ability of two different shampoo brands. One thing I am testing is the viscosity by shaking diluted shampoo and measuring the height of the foam compared to the undisturbed shampoo. What does viscosity mean exactly and how would my observers understand it better?
2728: Is vacuum packaging more efficient than wrapping something with a plastic bag?
Thank you.

2729: Can food be contaminated by metal wrapping?
2730: What is the difference between plastic wrapping, and glass wrapping?
2731: What foods that are refrigerated, do spoil the quickest ?
2732: Hello,

Merry Christmas! I hope you guys are all having a happy holiday season!

I have one question:
Would it be possible to repel oil (or some other fluid) with an electrically charged plate/rod?

The oil (fluid) would be electrically charged, in a way similar to the oil-droplets in the Millikan oil drop experiment.

Best,

2733: Can a plant survive without an external source of oxygen?
2734: Why do certian foods, such as raspberries, need to be refrigerated?
2735: Is there a correlation between fingerprints amongst family members?
2736: If I test fingerprints of families, do I have to have the same amount of members in each family?
2737: When I have to write results/complications of the fingerprints tests should I mention the number of members that I tested in every family?
2738: Do the elements in various sugars change/vary according to their environment? Why or why not?
2739: What elements in sugar have a negative affect on the body? Do all sugars have this affect?
2740: Out of raw white sugar, granulated sugar, and raw light brown sugar, which has the best nutritional value?
2741: Why do crystals grow from sugar water? How does the type of sugar affect the growth of rock candy? And which type is best in your opinion? Why?
2742: What element of sugar affects the growth of rock candy the most? Is it a positive or negative affect?
2743: What part of the brain is affected by music the most? Thank you! :)
2744: What is that section of the brain's reaction to music?
2745: Are there specific reasons why some colors affect people emotionally?
2746: Does the brain react differently to certain tempos?
2747: Some memories we remember more than others. Why?
2748: Does age affect the brain's reaction to music?
2749: Does eating healthy affect daily brain activity?
2750: Does the brain respond to familiar music differently than unfamiliar music?
2751: Do any other lobes, beside temporal lobes, affect the storing of memories?
2752: Does music affect your brain differently for problem-solving versus writing?
2753: Are there any nutritional values in gluten?
2754: Is it possible that the big bang singularity was a super massive black hole that sucked all matter and energy into itself and then burst? This would imply that the universe may have been in existence before and that it contracts and expands repeatedly?
2755: Why do gluten free cookies collapse when being baked?
2756: Hi, I'm doing a science fair project involving gluten free flour substitutions. I was wondering why glutenous flour binds cookies better than gluten free flours such as rice, oat and almond flour?
2757: Hi! I need to ask you a few questions for my science project, so here they are: Do events in our life affect brain activity and memory? Gracias! (:
2758: Have you ever had experience with using grey water on plants?
2759: Are there scientific reasons why one or the other water type would do better on the plants?
2760: Do farms or plantations ever use grey water?
2761: Why do human beings having emotions and feelings?
2762: What is the most popular shape of candle?
2763: Can the type of container holding a candle affect the length of time the candle burns for?
2764: Can a candle burn completely to the bottom of the container it is in?
2765: Are there multiple types of candle wicks?
2766: What are the three most common types of candles?
2767: What happens if I freeze citrus fruit juice? Will it stay the same, or lose even more vitamin C?
2768: If I dont have the right amount of vitamin C in me, then what will start to happen to my body?
2769: If you boil any other type of vitamin besides vitamin C, will it lose the same amount of its nutrition content?
2770: If the citrus fruit juice is being boiled in a base of syrup, can I raise the temperature with less vitamin C loss?
2771: Hello, I am currently doing my science fair project and I need your help. Just to give you a little understanding of my project, here is my hypothesis: If I boil citrus fruit juice then, it will have less vitamin C compared to citrus fruit juice that has not been cooked. I would highly appreciate if you could help me out. Here is a list of questions that I have:
What is the temperature at which vitamin C begins to be lost? 78F -90F? 110F?

2772: How can penguins jump out of the water so fast and so high? Do they use a swim bladder like sharks?
2773: Could biomass fuel other objects such as cars, or other vehicles?
2774: What is the molecular structure of biomass?
2775: Would it be possible to use biomass as an all purpose fuel for everything if adapted correctly?
2776: Can biomass be created in more effective and quicker methods?
2777: Does it matter if there are words in the music you are listening to? Can those words get your brain flowing with new word ideas and help with thought processing or anything of the like?
2778: Can your brain waves sync with the beat of the music you are listening to?
2779: Is there any research existing showing relationship between brain activity and concentration?
2780: Can the rhythm or bass of music affect how you concentrate? Like if the bass were loud and repetitive it could become annoying and take your attention towards it.
2781: I have 5 questions.
1) Do colors affect emotion?
2) Which colors have the greatist effect on someones emotions?
3)Would a combination of colors have a greater effect on someone?
4)Does color have to be a certain shade for it to have an effect on emotion?
5)Do all colors have an effect on emotion?

2782: How long has our society used biomass energy or if we use it much at all?
2783:

I am doing a science project for school and my question is, "How does music affect concentration?" I have five questions for you:

What part of the brain is responsible for concentration?


2784: How does age affect how quick one sees an illusion and how does personal relevance affect how quick one sees an illusion?
2785: When was the Kastle Meyer Blood test first used? What is the history behind it? How does the Kastle Meyer Blood Test work in its process of detecting blood? Why does it produce a purple pink color that equals a positive result? What is the purpose of using hydrogen peroxide 3% in the Kastle Meyer Blood Test? What causes peroxide to be detected as blood during the initiation of the Kastle Meyer Blood Test resulting in a false positive?
2786: Is phenolphthalein the same or at all similar to phenol red?
2787: Does music affect everyones' heart rate?
2788: Does listening music through a stereo system or through headphones differ when you are testing heart rate after listening to music?
2789: After listening to music and then testing the change in heart rate, does age differ?
2790: After listening to music and then testing the change in heart rate, does gender differ?
2791: How do non-rechargable batteries work?
2792: What are the best batteries that have been made to date?
2793: What part of the brain controls concentration?
2794: What type of music affects concentration the most?
2795: Does listening to music while taking a test affect students test scores?
2796: Does music affect concentration?
2797:

Hello my name is Jose and I would like some help from a professional and I belive I came to the right place. I was told by my teacher that I needed to ask five questions so here I go. My questions are:

Does temprature affect the life time of a battery?
Does temprature affect it a lot or is the change minimal? Thank You!

2798: Hi! I'm doing a science project on how temperatures in water and in air affect the time glow sticks last and I have some questions. Please help! First of all, how do glow sticks work? Thanks so much! -Peachtree
2799: Why do they glow sticks glow brighter when heated and longer when cooled?
2800: What happens to the matter inside a glow stick when it's heated or cooled?
2801: If my hypothesis is; if volunters listen to "pumped up kicks" by Foster the People at 25 50 75 and 100db, then there heart rate will change most after 100db, then do you think age would matter? With the above information do you think that what they where doing before the test would matter? Do you think that during the test the volunteer should be without distraction? My last question would be, do you think that I should test the volunteers heart rate or tust they will give me the right answer?
2802: Does heat affect surface tension or can substances added to it affect it as well?
2803: What is interface tension and how is it related to surface tension?
2804: How does gravity affect surface tension?
2805: What are the Van der Waal forces and what do they do?
2806: Why do Van der Waal forces include all of the intermolecular forces? Why are they called intermolecular forces? What is their purpose?
2807: Is interface tension only the contact between two liquids, why?
2808: What is geotropism?
2809: If a plant were to be grown upside down, could it anchor itself with it's roots into the soil?
2810: Since roots grow to the pull of gravity, how could a product like the Topsy Turvy work?
2811: I'm growing fast plants (such as lettuce) in petri dishes. If the petri dish is turned on it's side (so it can roll like a frisbee on it's side), would it be normal for the roots to be growing in all directions?
2812: How does the use of chemicals on a plant effect the over all quality or health of the plant?
2813: How might exposure to high amounts of sun light effect the quality or effectiveness of a fertilizer?
2814: Can a fertilizer alter a plant genetically or cause future mutations?
2815: Can chemicals from a synthetic fertilizer actually be absorbed by our crops and end up into our food?
2816: Hi! I'm doing the science fair at my school and I need to do an interview with someone who is an expert at the field I'm testing. I'm going to ask a few questions and I was wondering if someone in the field of plant growth and studies could answer them. When they do answer them can they please put their name and major (if it's some sort of plant studies) And if you could send me the answers before tuesday that would be amazing!!!! Science fair is due Wednesday! Thanks!!! 1. What is tropism? Thanks!
2817: What is surface tension and what makes it increase or decrease?
2818: What can happen to a plant if the soil is over saturated with synthetic fertilizers?
2819: About how muck light will a plant take before it starts to burn or turn yellow?
2820: How is a leaf constructed or born?
2821: Do pea plants do better with less light or more light?
2822: How do different kinds of music affect concentration?
2823: If light is coming from a bunch of diffent angles how will the plant grow?
2824: How does reflection happen?
2825: Why does different soils effect footprints/tracks? Why does mud shows good footprints/tracks compared to other soils? How does water change the footprint/track? How did you become a scientist in this criteria? How long did it take you to become a scientist?
2826: How do plants trap or convert pollutants?
2827: Are the size and amount of roots the main factors of a plants ability to trap pollutants?
2828: What are some common types of pollutants that an be converted by plants?
2829: How many bioswales are in our community?
2830: Is there a particular substance inside both oil and salt, that keeps the oil from freezing?
2831: Why won't any type of oil, would be able to freeze, as it usually does when it is not touched, when it is combined with salt? Not to be rude, but I do need an answer quick, to finish my science fair project in time...Please reply as soon as possible!!!! PLEASE!!!!!
2832: How do you think the barrel length affects the accuracy and range of a projectile? Why do you think this happens? What is your field and how long have you been working in it? If you were to build a air cannon would you build a long medium or short barrel? What do you think would be the beast projectile for a air cannon?
2833: What method is the best for preserving fingerprints?
2834: What is the most common method of lifting fingerprints?
2835: Can fingerprints last for months if conditions are right?
2836: What is the best method of lifting fingerprints?
2837: If hot air rises, why is sea level warmer?
2838: If heat is simply the movement of molecules, then how to infrared cameras, which capture infrared light, manage to see heat? Or phrased differently: How does heat give off infrared?
2839: Does melanin have other functions besides protection from ultraviolet radiation exposure?
2840: Why does seafloor spreading occur in some areas but not others?
2841: Which rock type is spreading center volcanism associated with? What causes rocks to melt in regions of spreading center volcanism?
2842: How does mantle plume and associated hot spots originated?
2843: How does a pendulum in a mechanical clock works? Not having electricity, from where does it take its energy?
2844: Why mantle plumes are narrow?
2845: I was wondering how I would determine the path an electron would take through a material if a current was applied. Is this something that could be controlled?
2846: How does the type of material affect a piece of clothing's ability to insulate, and how can I test out this insulating ability?
2847: Which type of waves do we have when there is an earthquake?
2848: How do basalt and ultramafic rocks from the oceanic lithosphere become part of mountain belts?
2849: Why does plate tectonic can account for the existence of the mid-oceanic ridge and its associated rift valley and basaltic volcanism?
2850: What was Wegener's evidence for continental drift?
2851: What is plate in the concept of plate tectonic?
2852: How has deep-sea drilling tested the concept of plate?
2853: How are reverse faults different than thrust faults? In what way are they similar?
2854: How many dirrerent types of mountain belts are there?
2855: Are ridge offset along fracture zones easier to explain with mantle-deep convection causing plate motion or with shallow convection occurring as a result of plate motion?
2856: What does a fold and thrust belt bell tell us about what occurred during an Orogeny?
2857: Are ridge offset along fracture zones easier to explain with mantle-deep convection causing plate motion or with shallow convection occurring as a result of plate motion?
2858: How are scientists able to know the role of neurotransmitters in the human brain when they can not see the synaptic connection among neurons?
2859: If we were able to unfold the brain, how big would it be? Would it be long like an intestine or flat and round like a tortilla?
2860: What is the effect over a persons vocal range if the singer warms up before singing, and which other factors affect the persons vocal range?
2861: How does light color affect plant growth?
2862: Why is the pressure inside a soup bubble greater than the pressure outside?
2863: If a fragment from an asteroid falls to Earth and a static electric charge is built up as the fragment falls, does it generate a magnetic field? If so, why does it happen?
2864: Which would make a better/sharper blade, obsidian or zirconium oxide?
2865: As to your answer to the experiment of testing the effectiveness of a rubbing alcohol in killing bacteria http://www.scienceline.ucsb.edu/search/DB/show_question.php?key=1310071505&task=category&method=&form_keywords=&form_category=chemistry&start=, which one should fall apart first? And why?
2866:

I plan on using household items in my project and will not be doing my experiment in a lab. Safety is my first concern. I have no one in my family who can help me with acid and base. My grandmother gets heartburn all the time. I thought I would do an experiment to test 3 antacids to see if one worked faster than the other.

For my science fair project on heartburn relief, I plan to - test 3 antacids using the red cabbage juice as an indecator adding vinegar to make the solution represent stomach acid. I plan to test Mylanta, Rolaids, and Tums to see which of these three antacids will neutralize the acid the fastest. I want to use a stop watch and graph the results.

I'm in need of advice. Please answer a few questions.


Do you think this is a good experiment to do?
What else do I need for this experiment?
Should I test more than three?
What should I put in the report?
I want to do this project next weekend and need advice soon.
Can you please help me?

If you could make suggestions or give advice in anyway, I would be grateful.

Thank You,

2867: What are distance, time, spring balance and machine?
2868: How come plants produce oxygen even though they need oxygen for respiration?
2869: What is a wedge?
2870: Is mimicry in animals innate behavior, learning behavior or both?
2871:

What is the fastest and most reliable way to make large sheets of Graphene?
Is Graphene entirely transparent to light?
If you have multiple layers of Graphene would this absorb more light?

Thank you

2872: Can you tell me why Hurricane Katrina took effect? Why was Katrina so destructive? Has Katrina been the most destructive and strong hurricane we have had in the world?
2873: How do volcanoes form? What happens after volcanoes erupt? Can you please give me some interesting information about volcanoes?
2874: What is the most important fact about volcanoes?
2875: When an earthquake happens, when does it stop?
2876: Can we get as much info as possible on the Japan tsunami 2011? We are doing a project on it, some info would be nice. Thank you for your cooperation, we appreciate it.
2877: How do earthquakes start?
2878: Do you have information on tsunamis? If you do have something, can you please tell me about?
2879: What is the weakest spot in the world for a Tsunami to occur, besides the Ring of Fire?
2880: Are there any plans to try to move the moon back to a closer orbit with the earth, through some kind of gravity manipulation, or other ideas?
2881: what is an illige details on that how it looks and process of harvesting of onions with illige
2882: How much air is in a marshmallow?
2883:

How bad is the green house effect and how will it affect us in the long run?

How much does the green house effect have to do with global warming?


2884: Which is the biggest rodent in the world?
2885: Why aren't monkeys turning into humans right now?
2886: Please, I would like to know what other material could be used to replace phosphor in a CRT and still produce the same effect?
2887: What is a flame?
2888: What was the biggest earthquake that has hit California?
2889: Is there a scientific name for when a person has two different color eyes? meaning each eye is a different color. Also, is it an inherited trait? Is this trait on a specific chromosome? Thank You
2890: What is the most common disease in teenagers, that is fatal?
2891: Why can cats land on their feet when they jump off a tree?
2892: How do you explain the concept of time?
2893: How to forces such as gravity and magnetism work? What makes objects attracted to other objects?
2894: When will the ozone layer disappear?
2895: Because of certain chemicals (ethyl formate) found in a big dust cloud in the middle of our galaxy, Saggitarius B2, is it true that the Milky Way would technically smell like rum and taste like raspberries?
2896: What percentage of atmosphere pollution is actually caused by cars instead of natural gases?
2897: Why do we have to know about what happened to the Earth millions of years ago?
2898: Is it possible to convert the energy produced by the pendulum (a giant one) to run a miniature electric generator by using suitable gear? In case if the energy get dissipated, can it be recovered using two like magnet (powerful one), one fixed and the other fixed with the pendulum mass? Please help me out.
2899: How many asteroids,comets,meteors,meteorites,meteorids have hitting the earth?
2900: How do our brains function similarly to small animals if they aren't the same size?
2901: If water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, two gasses, then how is it a liquid?
2902: When we see any animation about diffusion, it shows a sphere of particles / smell / etc. moving out from a centralized point, from an area of high to low concentration. However, in the case of smell, we also learned that smells are made of particles. Would these particles be affected by gravity? Instead of a sphere, wouldn't all the particles just fall to the ground?
2903: Bull Sharks are able to live in both fresh water and salt water, while most other sharks can only survive in salt water. How is this so? Are their gills different so they can adapt to different water types.
2904: Hello, I use a laser to test whether a mixture is heter or homogeneous. I have always used a red laser. This year I have a green laser and the added power is giving me different results. For example, Sunlight dish soap will appear homogeneous with the red laser, but heterogeneous with the green laser. Can you explain this? Thanks.
2905: Woud the stomata of a leaf open or close when exposed to a glucose solution? Why?
2906: How do organisms live in methane?
2907: What other materials can be used in a bulb other than Tungsten?
2908: Do you believe radiometric dating is an accurate way to date the earth? Why or why not? Could you also please explain further what radiometric dating is and the process to use it? Mahalo.
2909: Since a Stimulant increases the body's activities, and a Depressant is the exact opposite, is an Anti-Depressant considered a Stimulant?
2910: Since an inhalant is something inhaled, is an inhaler considered a drug?
2911: what is doublet flow
2912: If dolphins and whales are ocean mammals, how is that whales are large and dolphins small? I am asking this question because I read here that whales being mammals can grow large as they don't have the physical restrictions they would have on land. So why does it not apply to dolphins?
2913: A video said that before the Big Bang, the universe was the size of an atom. Another video said that before the Big Bang, there was no space. If so, where is this atom-sized universe? It is got to be so where?
2914: What is Time?
2915: What makes some twins of the same sex identical and others not?
2916: We want to know which is faster: electricity or light?
2917: Can you explain why the planets are round?
2918: I am kind of interested in science, but also interested in people. What made you decide to be a scientist?
2919: Im wondering how come people have different brains, minds, and intelligence?
2920: We did a little research on diatoms earlier this year. We were wondering why is it that round? Diatoms cant move and, can others?
2921: We were studying about different kind of lenses. How can contact lenses help people see better, when they are on top of your eyes?
2922: What is light and why does it travel so fast?
2923: Why can many plants and animals adapt better than others?
2924: A teacher at this school did a science experiment where he had two balls of different masses go down an incline which was raised about 20cm above the table. The balls were released from the same point on the incline and he assumes they accelerated at the same rate and so when they left the incline they were going at the same speed (I'm not sure this is true). In any case, the ball with the larger mass hit the table at a farther distance than the ball with the smaller mass. Could this be true if they were going at the same speed when they left the incline? It seems to me that they should hit at the same place. I don't think the friction of the air would cause enough resistance to cause any difference. The larger ball would have more momentum but this shouldn't affect the rate at which a ball falls. Am I missing something or what accounts for the different distances the balls go through the air?
2925: I always hear about pH on things like bottles of acne face wash, which claim to "restore your pH balance", or deodorant that is "pH balanced just for you". What does this mean?
2926: I was wondering about the Mammoth Lakes.... there's some volcanoes there......what is going to happen in the future????
2927: How do we know that the earth revolves around the sun? Is the sun in a fixed position? The sun is seen crossing the sky, but so is the moon. Isn't the center of anything relative to your position?
2928: This one is related to direction. I've heard that some mapmakers in the southern hemisphere design maps with the "southern" hemisphere on top and the northern" hemisphere on the bottom.
2929: Do you believe the big bang will reverse itself, as a few people have predicted, and suck back in to its "origin"?
2930: Do the people in the Southern Hemisphere consider north our north pole, or is their north actually the south pole?
2931: What is the difference between computer digital signals and T.V. analog signals?
2932: I would like to know why water's blue in the ocean and clear in a cup? My teacher lives in by the beach and the color are green, red, gray, black at night. My friend Valerie said that it looks blue because of the sun reflection. What is the waters real color?
2933: We want to know is blood blue or red? It looks blue in the inside and on the outside it is red.
2934: In your body is your blood blue or red?
2935: I'm in high school right now and I have gotten really interested in the field of Oceanography. I wanted to know what I can focus on right now in order to get into oceanography when I first go into college and also what might be my percentage of being able to work somewhere when I finish my college degree. It would be great to know. Thanks!
2936: Does the carbon dioxide change the pH of our blood? (I was doing an experiment and we were using straw and we had to blow inside the water and the pH changed.)
2937: Why does water only smells when it is mixed with something?
2938: Why is it that when you pour koolaid into water, it sinks, but if you stir it up it mixes and never sinks again?
2939: Why do we say north is up and south is down? How do we know what up is?
2940: What happens to light in a black hole? Is there an end to a black hole?
2941: What inspired you to become a scientist?
2942: I have heard of parallel universes, but I do not understand them. Can you explain these, and can you tell me if there is such a thing?
2943: Why is Uranus tilted at a 90 degree angle?
2944: How do you know what planets and stars are made of if you can't actually take samples?
2945: How can you tell how many miles or light years away something is if you can't go there? What sorts of instruments do you use?
2946: Will any of the planets ever go out of orbit?
2947: Is it possible if we brought all the supplies to live on the Moon?
2948: Why are waves bigger over rocks than just over the sand?
2949: What are some of the most interesting life forms found in the deepest parts of the ocean?
2950: What concrete evidence do scientists actually have that we evolved from monkeys and that the "big bang" actually happened?
2951: Do you believe in aliens?
2952: Why did you choose to teach at UCSB?
2953: If you built a car that could travel at the speed of light and you turned on your headlights, what would happen and what would we see?
2954: If you were on Saturn, could you see the ring going around it?
2955: If you could walk on Io, would the ground be hot because of all the volcanic activity?
2956: Why is it virtually impossible to travel through time?
2957: If we use only 10% of our brain-what is the other 90% doing?
2958: What are some possible careers in your field of science and what can we do to get started now?
2959: How many man-made objects orbit the Earth? What are they?
2960: Why did volcanoes on other planets stop erupting?
2961: Why does Venus have a retro-grade rotation?
2962: What is the oldest planet in our solar system?
2963: Why does Lyndsay have one blue and one brown eye?
2964: Why are the trunks of trees brown?
2965: What are the black dots you see when you close your eyes?
2966: Why is the sky blue when you look up, but a bluish-white on the horizon?
2967: How do scientists construct anti-gravity rooms?
2968: How does the gravity of black holes exist without any mass?
2969: Are there any other planets in the solar system other than the 9 we are familiar with?
2970: If you throw something in a black hole, where does it go and what happens to it?
2971: If we melted Mars' ice cap, do you think the water would be useable? Could we create an atmosphere?
2972: Are you ever bored with what you are doing?
2973: If you sent a marshmallow into space without a spacesuit, would it explode or implode?
2974: What is heavier: oxygen or carbon dioxide?
2975: How many different traits are located on the 23 pairs of chromosomes?
2976: How did the salt get into the oceans at the beginning of their formation?
2977: Why do some girls grow a little mustache? Is it normal or is there something wrong with them?
2978: I wonder, did humans ever metamorphize in any time? Because I saw insects did it. Did the neanderthal change in some way so that they could look like humans today? I know it's not the same exactly as insects, but how are they the same?
2979: Why do male quail have a little thing on top of their head? and why do male deer have horns? I think that the quail has a little thing on thier head because that is how you can tell them apart; on the deer, I think that they have horns because that is what they use to fight. Are there other reasons?
2980: We have studied a little about atoms and such, and I know that in some kind of nuclear explosions atoms are smashed together to release the energy. My question is: Exactly how are these atoms forced together? Don't the negative electron clouds around them force them apart?
2981: We are wondering about some weather data. It seems like there is an indirect relationship between air pressure and relative humidity. We thought wet air would have greater air pressure (weigh more) than dry air! What's up with that?
2982: Why can't we see stars in the day time like we do at night?
2983: I heard that moss always grows on the north side of trees. I want to know if it is true and why?I think it grows there because it is shady and cool.
2984: I was wondering if light have mass or weight? If so, how is it measured?
2985: I know we have a vocal box, but I do not know how the vocal box works. Could you help? We do not have any reference book that I could use to look up this topic.
2986: If a flower's reproductive part ( pollen) goes in to a different flower could that make a new species of flowers or could we try to crossbreed?
2987: We've been studying the planets in my science class. I read this article in the Time magazine (March 1998), that there might be water on one of Jupiter's moons, Europa. I think that the title of the article is misleading "Aliens in a Slushy Sea". They say ice that they found may mean some liquid under the ice layer. My reading of the article tells me that they are trying to make us think that there may be water on this moon. I find that hard to believe! Couldn't the ice that they found be frozen Carbon dioxide and not water? Do you have any more info. on the subject?
2988: The physics book explains about electric fields are formed between two charged bodies, and how the electric field lines are used to calculate the force of a charged body. However, our text book states that scientist cannot answer why charged bodies exert forces on each other. Has this been answered recently? Can you theorize why charged bodies do this?
2989: RUST: The other day I was told by a man who does body and fender work on cars that "car cancer" (rust) has to be completely removed and in the really bad places cut out and a new piece of metal welded in or the rust would just continue to destroy a car. I thought that rust was the result of iron and oxygen reacting creating iron oxide! If I cover up the rust with paint or "bondo" (sp?), and air can't get to it (no oxygen so no reaction), why would it continue to get worse?
2990: We are trying to integrate the state and national science standards into the 3rd-6th grade curriculum. I am preparing to do a presentation on using the digital camera to teach science. I was wondering if you had any ideas on how you use the digital camera as a scientist.
2991: I have heard that they have taken different pictures of the atmosphere from outside the world. Can you please direct me where I can find pictures that would show me different information about the atmosphere. I would like to study the atmosphere and take pictures from outside the earth.
2992: Im wondering why are dinosaurs extinct? Did their food get poisoned or did they run out of food? What happened?
2993: I wonder if you know of any web sites or information on the ozone layer.
2994: Is there really life on Mars? What evidence is there that there may or may not have been life on Mars?
2995: How do snakes inject venom into its victim? How do snakes slither? How do snakes close their mouth without biting themselves?
2996: I am really interested in UFOs because it is strange. I searched on the internet and found some pictures that are suppose to be real. I will like you to direct me to more information.I hope you are interested , too? I also hope you believe in them, because I do.
2997: What makes a supernova? What types of energy does a supernova give out when it explodes?How far does the explosion of the supernova go? How common are supernovas?
2998: My friends and I are building a model of the R.M.S. Titanic. We were wondering if you had any ideas on building a model of ships or if you know of any web sites. If you knew anything about model making do you know what wed need to build a model of a ship? Would it be a good idea to make it out of modeling clay?
2999: How and why do volcanoes erupt? We also wanted to know how tall is the biggest volcano? Why is every volcano shaped like a triangle? Why is the magma hot?
3000: My partner has a Nintendo 64 and I have a Playstation. So we decided to do our science project on memory-cards . We wanted to know how they are flawlessly working and how they can store so much memory if they are only about 3 inches in length .
3001: I want to know which planet has the most moons. How many do Saturn and Jupiter have.
3002: I need to know if lightening strikes water (ex. oceans, lakes, etc.)? If it does, does the electrical current fry the fish?
3003: I was wondering how ultrasound works. Ive seen it in T.V. and it looks really weird. When I saw it all I see is something moving, How can you guys tell where the arms and the legs are? Is there a better method for looking inside the stomach without hurting the baby?
3004: Our class has joined the GLOBE project. We have been taking a lot of tests on our environment, including alkalinity. What is alkalinity about? I know that alkalinity is found in water. Is alkalinity good or bad for the environment? We took an alkalinity test on Oso Flaco Lake and the test showed that there was zero alkalinty. What does that mean?
3005: How much longer will the world exist according to scientists?
3006: If we know that Methyl Bromide (pesticide used by strawberry farmers that is hazardous to earths ozone supplies) is poisonous to the ozone, then why do we use it?
3007: What we already know is that there is water and snow on the moon. Our question is why does Earth have clouds and the moon doesn't?
3008: I have a problem, and I need your help to solve it. My teacher took away my laser when I shined it at another student in class, because he said it's bad for our eyes. He said I could get it back if I could find out WHY its bad for our eyes. Does it really hurt you eyes? If it does, why?ps. Please write back fast because the laser isn't mine!
3009: Is there really weather on planets, and if there is, is it like on earth or is it colder or hotter?
3010: I never heard of ozone near the ground.Does it affect in any way or protect us in others? Is there any way we can improve it? If the higher ozone gets destroyed, can the lower one protect us?
3011: Why is it when I turn on the stove the flame comes out blue? Also sometimes it gets orange on the top? So why's that?
3012: How do airplanes fly? What helps airplanes fly? How do airplanes manage to get in the air? What makes an airplane stay in the air? I got a paper out of the computer that gave me some Information about different pressure on the wings, but not enough to make it clear.
3013: Im interested in airplanes. I want to know how they make the engine balance to the wings because the engine seems heavier than the wings and still keep the airplane on the air?
3014: Do trains have gears? How fast can an old steam train go? Who invented the first train? What train is the fastest today? Why do trains have a side rod?
3015: We are trying to find out how cameras work. We found information about why cameras need light,but wonder what is the difference between video film and rolled film. We also were wondering how the pictures get on the film roll, how much light is needed to take a picture,and what makes the film develop. Finally, our teacher says that digital cameras like one he has dont use film. How do we find out more about the differences????
3016: How do 3-D computer graphics work? I am interested in how to design the graphics. How it is different on a computer from "2D"?
3017: What technology do they use to make a Roller Coaster? How has the technology of Roller Coasters changed through out the years? How does magnetism make a Roller Coaster work? Do you know of any web sites that tell exactly how a Roller Coasters work?
3018: I found this web site called Universe, The Big Bang. It said that the universe was created 15 billion years ago. Is that true? And how would someone know if we werent alive? Did the universe begin because of the big bang? The last question is, who discovered the universe?
3019: Why does the heart need to beat and pump blood through the body? How and why do people get heart diseases? I already know that smoking and drinking can cause heart diseases,but what else? Why does the body need a heart? I know the heart is a major muscle but why does the body need it? Is there another way to move blood? I am also interested in any information sources you have on the heart.
3020: Im interested in flowers. I found information about naming flowers, like bane means poisonous, but now I want to know more about why flowers can look so different - their shape, colors, size, smells - What is the purpose of the differences?
3021: Were very interested in Snakes! How did snakes get poison? What snakes are poisonous? Why do snakes shed their skin?
3022: How do thay know there is water on the moon ? Why do they call it the moon? What year did the Astronauts go to the moon and what are their names?Who invented NASA?
3023: Can you help me find information on my title: Can a Magnet Erase a Cassette Tape, Floppy Disk, and a Compact Disk, what kind of magnet is used to do so and, how does it erase?
3024: I have a physics student who is researching skipping objects on water (rocks, balls, etc.). We have been looking for areas of research that deal with the factors that effect skipping and have been not too successful. Our question is what actually happens when a flat object is skipped?
3025: What is the celestial event(s) that causes the calendar adjustment of a leap year?How many days with February 2000 have in it?
3026: Why cant our eye and brain process certain parts of the electromagnetic spectrum? We know that we can see the visible part, and that other animals can process infrared, for instance. What is it that makes our brains different in this respect?
3027: Why do we need lasers? What do we use lasers for? How do you build lasers? Who invented lasers? How big and powerful can lasers be? Why/how do lasers travel over long distances? Are all lasers red? What does the color of the laser mean?Why are lasers dangerous?
3028: My school is surrounded by fields. I always see helicopters and trucks spraying the fields with pesticides. Our track at school is less than 20 feet away from those fields. We run a mile for P.E. about 2 times a month. Kids at our school always go home sick. Since our school is so close to the fields, I think that we inhale those pesticides. I was wondering if there is any information about short term effects like when you first breath it and if there is any information about long term affects like stuff you dont know thats happening but its happening? Thank you for your time.
3029: Pretend you are one of the field workers, you are working really hard, and you are hot and sweaty. When you sweat your body opens up these little pores that let out the sweat. My question is, when the pores of a field worker open can pesticides or germs get in the body through the pores before they close?
3030: Our beach had an oil leak sometime around 1992- 1994. I want to know how that oil leak could effect us and the animals that live in the ocean? Maybe you heard about the Unocal oil leak in Guadalupe. I havent found good information on the health problems. I want to know.... what are the effects to us.... where could I find out?
3031: I am from Guadalupe, CA and I was wondering how we can fix pipes from leaking to prevent the disaster that happened to my hometown.
3032: Can air pollution can affect weather? I heard that the hurricane Mitch was caused from pollution.
3033: Somtimes I get an asthma attack from cigarettes,and other times not.Im wondering if the difference is in me or in the kind of smoke from different cigarettes?Can you help with this question? Thanks for your help.
3034: Im investigating water treatment. I heard that a few years ago that we were short on water,and that they could make fresh drinking out of ocean water. Im wondering what things does the ground water have and ocean drinking water doesn't have?
3035: I have been to LOS ANGELES and I stayed there for four days and my eyes started to hurt so I was wondering if pollution affects eyesight that cant be treated.
3036: I heard tail pipe exhaust is harmful to the environment. Can you make a filter for a tail pipe that can block the harmful parts of the exhaust? (I guess I need to know what is in the exhaust that causes problems first)
3037: I heard that cows lay out a lot of methane but would it harm other stuff like plants and vegetation? Does it affect the atmosphere?
3038: We already know that there is a underground oil spill at the guadalupe dunes, and I heard that hospital waste washed up on the beaches. The question is Is the water safe to drink if they take the salt out of it? Does that process take out this other junk?
3039: Are all chemicals harmful to future generations? Do bug sprays harm babies? What exactly causes air pollution? What type of diseases does pollution cause for humans? If pollutions was to enter a black hole what would happen?
3040: If we limit the amount of useage of either cargo trucks or passenger cars, which of these two would most decrease the amount of air pollution produced?
3041: HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE CHEWING GUM TO BIODEGRADE? IF YOU SWALLOW GUM CAN YOU DIGEST IT? (GUM IS IMPORTANT TO US, BUT WE ARENT SUPPOSED TO CHEW IT AT SCHOOL)
3042: This week we have learned about alpha, beta, and gamma nuclear radiation and decay. We know that in beta decay a neutron is lost and a proton is gained, and that the daughter element has one more proton than its parent. For example, when Thorium-234 beta decays into Protactinium-234. This has aroused two questions: If the number of electrons is the same as that of the protons in normal atoms, does the new Pa-234 get a new electron in the electron cloud, and if so, where does it come from? Also what happens to the electrons that are left over when radioactive elements like Uranium-238 alpha decay? Does alpha decay somehow include a loss of 2 electrons so that the daughter element is not an ion?
3043: I'm interested in the Sympathetic Nervous System. How does it work? What nerves make the different organs in the human body work? What happens when something goes wrong? Can this system be fixed?
3044: Some questions about telephones:1. Do some telephones have capacitors and other telephones don't? 2. Do all phones work the same? 3. Why do you have to have a particular kind of portable phone to use in a car? 4. Can you call from an ordinary phone into space?
3045: Why is the grass green?and Why are plants and trees green and how do they produce oxygen?
3046: How can clouds hold water or snow?
3047: Why does helium make your voice high?
3048: How did they find atoms?
3049: Why is it that your body starts to age? Why must your body get thin and fragile?
3050: Are there any environmental problems in the Everglades?
3051: Why is the rainforest continually being cut down despite the fact that people know about the repercussions of its consequences?
3052: What kind of bacteria live in the swamps today?
3053: What is the hottest desert in the world?
3054: Where is the biggest lagoon located?
3055: Why are monarch butterflies endangered of dying? I heard from a newspaper that they are doing studies on them.
3056: Why do volcanoes erupt? Why is it that whenever there is a earthquake a volcano would erupt? How can you prevent a volcanic eruption?
3057: How does video tape make contact with the VCR?
3058: How are diamonds are made? We have found some information that says they are made by carbon under volcanic pressure,but we just don't understand it.
3059: I want to find out if UFOs are real or aliens are alive.
3060: What kind of fuel does an F-22 Raptor and a F-16 use? (fighter jets) What are the best fighter jet and bomber from your point of view ?
3061: Why are some people more flexible than others, and how do they get so flexible? Why are some bones stronger than others?
3062: I am doing the rubber bone experiment to take minerals out of chicken bones. I am using vinegar. I want to learn how my bones get the calcium from the milk I drink. How does the milk get from my stomach to my bones?
3063: How do we extract Helium (symbol = He) from the Earth's atmosphere?
3064: If our solar system had two suns, would it be summer year round and would the sun ever set (i.e. would we ever experience nighttime)?
3065: My project is about butterflies. Does it hurt butterflies when you touch their wings? Why? Do they have anything special in their wings?
3066: How does the fetus develops inside the mothers stomach? How do cells develop in the fetus?
3067: I was wondering if you could tell me about the moon and about eclipses. Why is it harmful to your vision? Ive heard that eclipses of the sun hurt your eyes. My teacher said hes seen moon eclipses that looked red. Why would that happen?
3068: I am studying the humans heart I found interesting information in books, but I don't read in English too well yet. I found a page in the Internet that told me the names of the parts of the human heart . I don't have a lot of information but I hope you could help me.
3069: I heard what I consider an old wives tale. Does the amount of X or Y chromosomes produced by a male human depends on the frequency of sex that the male is having? I was told a man is more likely to have boys than girls if he was having sex more often.
3070: A student had the question about where the word neap comes from? The dictionary did not make a clear origin for the word.
3071: Is there any correlation between the index of refraction of a material and the density? It seems there might be until I consider the atomic structure, etc.
3072: Why do humans only use 10% of their brain?
3073: How does a cellular phone work?
3074: Why do we have toes?
3075: Why do people have to die?
3076: How does your skin heal a cut? How does it know when to stop healing?
3077: Why are clouds gray?
3078: What is the most dangerous and wild animal?
3079: Why do dogs see in black and white?
3080: Does space ever end?
3081: Approximately how many earthquakes over 5.0 in magnitude occur in Japan each year?
3082: Are there crystals inside of volcanoes?
3083: Where do earthquakes form the most?
3084: What is the worst damage recorded from volcano? What is the name of that volcano and when did the damage occur?
3085: Does Antarctica get volcanic eruptions?
3086: Why is magma so hot?
3087: Who invented the word volcano? When?
3088: How long did it take you to become a scientist and is it difficult?
3089: How far inland can tsunamis travel?
3090: Why are there 3 types of seismic waves?
3091: Is there going to be a big earthquake in Santa Barbara in the next ten years? or is there a possibility for a volcano to form in Santa Barbara?
3092: How long would it take for an island formed by a volcano to become habitable?
3093: Why do we have hair and why in their specific locations on the body?
3094: How much pressure is needed to cause a bone fracture?
3095: What does science think of god?
3096: Why do we have earthquakes?
3097: Why is the sun so hot and bright?
3098: What are boogers and why do we get so many?
3099: What causes the disease hemophilia? Who can get it?
3100: Why do we have freckles and birth marks?
3101: Why do people dream?
3102: We have been discussing reptiles. Looking forward, one of my students inquired about the first mammal. Has the fossil record been able to pinpoint one mammal in particular as the ancestor for all mammals?
3103: If all of the plants on Earth died, how long would it be before we run out of oxygen?
3104: Why do some flowers close at night and some stay open at night?
3105: Is there a fourth dimension?
3106: Why is space black?
3107: Why do volcanic clouds of ash cause lightening (like on Mt Pinatubo)?
3108: Why do volcanoes have more than one vent?
3109: What would you do if an earthquake happened in your neighborhood?
3110: How hot are sun spots?
3111: How did bacteria develop on Earth?
3112: If there is an end to the universe, what's beyond it?
3113: How many solar systems could be in a galaxy if there a billions of stars in a galaxy?
3114: What created the Big Bang?
3115: I heard that if a person ran around another person at light speed for five minutes, the person in the middle would age fifty years, but the person running would only age 5 minutes. Is that true? If so, why would that happen?
3116: I have learned that Mars has a thinner atmosphere and smaller acceleration due to gravity compared to Earth. If a lander similar to the Pathfinder were to land on Earth in the same way, would it fall faster or slower than the one on Mars?
3117: Is it possible for people to live in space? Why do people want to do that?
3118: What if a big comet hit the Earth? What would happen to us and how are you trying to stop it?
3119: What would cause the magnetic polar caps to switch places?
3120: How are stars formed?
3121: Is there any possible way that people here on Earth could live on other planets like Saturn, Jupiter, or the Sun?
3122: Why do stars twinkle?
3123: What are comets made of?
3124: What causes weather?
3125: How do microwave ovens work?
3126: Why do four-legged animals have tails? What is the purpose of a tail?
3127: How big are the planets compared to the Earth?
3128: Why do we have deja vu?
3129: Is there any other planet with the same atmosphere as us?
3130: What causes spontaneous combustion?Extra question from those X-Files fans: Can humans spontaneously combust?
3131: What is the most common cloud type around the world? why?
3132: Where does the sun come from?
3133: Where did all the water on Earth come from? Why is the Earth mostly water while other planets are not?
3134: How did people discover the planets?
3135: Why are there plates? Why isn't the Earth's crust one piece?
3136: What is the most poisonous animal on Earth? How does its toxin work?
3137: What is the scientific meaning for love?
3138: Do we have the technology to freeze people and brind them back to life? What would happen to the water in our body if we were frozen, wouldn't it expand...and isn't this a potential problem to freezing humans?
3139: If you are on the moon, does the Earth have phases similar to moon phases? Would they be the same or reversed?
3140: Why can't we send an astronaut to Jupiter on a satelite or probe? Will we ever be able to send a human to the outer planets?
3141: We've heard that ideas of the curvature of the earth come up when a ship is seen slowly disappearing down the horizon. How can we calculate the distance of the ship?
3142: If CH4 outgases from the ocean bottom in large amounts during an earthquake, can a boat sink in the result less dense water?
3143: When twins are identical, what factor causes one to become right-handed domiance and the other left-handed domiance?
3144: How do you plant seedless watermelons or grapes, if they don't have any seeds?
3145: We watched the Guinness Book of World Records and saw that scientists were growing human parts, like ears, on other species, such as rats. We were wondering how this process was possible. We would appreciate any response. Thanks.
3146: I am trying to find out what kind of poisions are in cigarette smoke. can you help me?
3147: When I take a hot shower the mirror fogs up. I was told to run cold water in the shower first and then when I got in to turn the hot water up and the mirror wouldn't fog. This proved to be true. I do not understand - why does cold water makes the difference?
3148: In fifth grade I watched The Voyege Of The Mimi and I got interested in whales. I heard that whales walked on land and there food was in the water so they adapted to the water. I want to know if there is some more evidence that whales walked on land.
3149: We currently know that Dark Matter is matter that is in outer space and occupies a great deal of matter in the Universe. It could be many things such as planets, dormant stars, or black holes, but we are seeking the truth... What is Dark Matter? What do we need to know about Dark Matter that we dont? Is there any significant information about how it differs from the matter on earth?
3150: We know that plasma is another state of matter besides liquid, solid, and gas. But where is it, where can we see it, and how is it used in our everyday life? We dont think weve ever seen it.
3151: Do crystals form in other rocks other than molten rock?
3152: How many years does it take to form a fossil and what forms the fossil?
3153: What are all the things inside the earths core?
3154: What causes storms in different countries?
3155: What type of storm is the most dangerous?
3156: Has the cure for cancer already been found? On the internet, I found referecnes to the cure for cancer (already detected in the years 1920-1930 by different scientists like George Lakhovsky, Nikkola Tesla and Royal Raymond Rife?). Using a Multi Wave Oscillator they ware able to regenarate the human body cells. Are there any modern science investigations done to confirm or deny this? Is this just a myth?
3157: How are recombinant plasmids moved through the membrane into the receiving bacterium.The story in the high school bio textbook is simply that restriction enzymes clip the gene of interest, it is recombined with a ligase, and then this transformed plasmid is reintroduced into the cell - but no real explanation. Can you explain this process?
3158: Why do your fingers wrinkle after soaking in the bath?
3159: Why do the sun and moon look bigger when seen on the horizon than they do when high in the sky?
3160: How do we know the extrapolated graph to calculate 0 K is linear all theway? How close are researchers to achieving 0 K experimentally? Is itpossible to achieve it and sustain it? How do they do it if the sensing mechanisms would have to be higher than 0 K? (Like Heisenberguncertainty principle) Is light or the speed of light at all affected at those temperatures(below 4 K?)
3161: How do different color filters affect plant growth?
3162: My class is currently learning about oceans and ocean currents. There has been some conflicting thoughts about how many oceans there are in the world.Could you tell us how many oceans there are in the world and what their names are.
3163: Why is the ocean blue? My guess is that shorter wavelength blue light is refracted more by tiny particles. Or, is blue light absorbed and then re- emitted more commonly than higher wavelengths by certain molecules.Are these two interpretations of the same process? Please provide as complicated of an answer as you wish; the more explanatory, the better.
3164: When a skateboard rolls to a stop, is most of its Kinetic Energy (KE) lost as heat in the ground, the wheels' surface, or in the ball bearings...of the wheel. Also, if two skateboards are in motion (A and B), and the wheels, ball bearings,.. of B have a higher heat capacity than A, would this mean that skateboard B would roll longer?
3165: In regards to extraterrestrial life, I wonder about their "rate of life". I mean, could what we call a second be a year for their species. So, a message from us like "Hello" would be a year- long "HHHHHHHHHH...eeeeeeeeee...lllllllllllllllll lll...oooooooooo." If our thought processes are at two very different rates, then communication would seem impossible. OR, is there one rate of life in all the universe? It seems that this would have to be the case for any contact to occur since the probability of another species' "rate of life" being close to ours appears to be zero. Do you think our rate of life is connected to the speed of light. So, for example, an alien species with a rate of life one hundred times ours would see light travelling one hundred times slower? (or faster?)
3166: What continent(s) are Malaysia and New Guinea part of?
3167: How and why do glow sticks glow?
3168: We are discussing Newtons and I was wondering how you measure Newtons. How do you know when you are pushing 40 N agianst someone. What makes a Newton a Newton?
3169: If the sun were to explode, what is the probability that human life forms would survive? Is there a possibility of a "Counter Earth."
3170: Could a black hole be destroyed if the amount of mass that was sucked in was bigger or about the size of Jupiter?What is a worm hole? How are they formed? Could you enter one, and what would object inside or outside the worm hole look like? What would happen if two black holes were side by side?
3171: Why are red stars cooler than white stars? I thought red things were hot.
3172: How do magnets affect electricity? How does electricity affect magnetic energy? Can motors be improved with either one?
3173: I'm interested in the solar system. I want to know about the things you are learning. I want to know about the special interests you have to share with me and what you are specifically learning about.
3174: I am currently participating in a project where I have to design a space settlement. I would like some data on quantum computing.
3175: I would like to know if UCSB offers any engineering classes, specifically rocket engineering.
3176: Measuring light years:How is the speed of light actually determined? How could you measure something that's speed is inconceivable to us? If we went somewhere else...say a star and watched the light from the Earth reach us, would it be like watching a movie?
3177: What would happen to me if I went through a black hole? Would I end up in a different universe?
3178: Do planets ever stop growing?
3179: Why do we orbit the sun but it doesn't orbit anything?
3180: Does the solar system ever end and if so how ? Is there a wall or does it just go on forever?
3181: How do we get the satellites to other planets like Jupiter so fast if it takes a regular rocket 5 years to get there?
3182: How do we know how stuff really is out there if it's too far out to explore and would take years to get to?
3183: I am not in school. I am in a nursing home and cannot get to the library so the net is my only way of learing. My question is why are some tides higher than others? Thank you if you can answer me.
3184: How is soda pressurized with carbon dioxide?
3185: Can ALL substances be a solid, liquid and gas if you are allowed to change the temperature and pressure?
3186: Why does mint have a "cool" taste? Is there a solid in the candy that is melting, which uses heat from your body for the phase change?
3187: How do you know how many galaxies there are in the universe?
3188: How did the carbon get in the universe to form the nebulas?
3189: I am doing a report on physics in pool (billiards) for my science class which is due this Friday. I was wondering if you could give me any information on how momentum (such as the conservation of momentum) and collision has to do with physics, and how knowing about how they are connected would help me in my pool game. Any information would be very helpful.
3190: A student read that the star Arcturus was moving differently than other stars (perhaps in a different direction?). Do you have any information on this?
3191: Up to how many eggs can a steelhead trout have? . I want to know because we will be studying the steelhead trout and I want to know ahead of time. (we just got 30 eggs in our aquarium).
3192: Please answer our question about space. The sun is out in space. Around the earth it gets very cold and the air around us is cold. Out in space is it cold warm or very hot?
3193: How do computers contain so much information in them? They are so small, but we are bigger and contain less information?
3194: I'm doing a report on Ocean waves and we have to interview someone so I thought I could send out these question and see who responded. 1. How do ocean waves fit into physics? (Do they have friction, etc.)2. If you were to draw an ocean wave what would you label?3. how do the waves change with each season?4. If you were to do a presentation to a high school class about this topic what would you do?Thanks!
3195: How many skin cells get damaged when we first get out of bed? How long before they die? Does any cell ever [avoid being] eaten? How do skin cells get their food to stay alive? Do skin cancer cells live longer than regular cells?
3196: What kind of proof do people have that the earth changes? How do we know that things occured in similar ways in the past as they do now? How do we know that that change is long and slow?
3197: I am Interested in Mustang Horses. I would like to now more about them. What colors they are and where they live. Ive found some basic information, but I dont know why they are considered different than regular horses.
3198: Since I [started]...Junior High, and Ive seen many cases on TV where young ladies had babies during their adolescence . I have been wondering about the cause for teenagers to be involved in sexual activities. So my question is: What is the reason for sexual activity between teenagers?
3199: Can a moon have a moon? Is there any such thing in our solar system or evidence of it in the past?
3200: How are Solar Flares are related to the Magnetic Poles on Earth? How they work? I can't find that answer in any of the books I looked through.
3201: What causes bubbles to form when boiling water? Where are the bubbles coming from?
3202: Why is electricity so powerful? Also, why does electricity like iron & metal?
3203: Why is it that in high power electric wires, the current travels on the outside edge? I have heard that this phenomena is so strong that places like radio stations use copper pipes instead of solid wire.
3204: Why can't humans make the 8 amino acids which we need toget from the diet? Is it a loss of a past ability, or are we maybe gaining the ability? What amino acids do you acquire from beans and rice, versus milk, and versus tofu?
3205: How do scanners work? How do they work to process the information and send it to the computer?
3206: Why are some people gay or lesbian?
3207: When people make paper, are some of the cells still alive, or do they all just disintegrate?
3208: If there was water on Mars, would we be able to live on it?
3209: Why do the bruises change colors over time?
3210: Why isnt there any oxygen in the universe and the planets around us?
3211: Do cells go through the same changes as human beings, or do they go through different changes? In other words, do they start little, go through some kind of puberty, then get old??
3212: Why do people have different skin colors?
3213: What are the reasons that could keep humans from living longer than anyone does now?
3214: How can a little computer chip do all kinds of things? How can a little chip in a computer have that much information?
3215: How do people die without any accident or any disease? Do they really die of old age?
3216: Why is fire hot? What is a nuclear bomb?
3217: How do hurricanes begin forming?
3218: Why do old people get white hairs? Who found out about cells in our body? We are very curious!
3219: How do we get electricty? How does it work?
3220: How does respiration work? How fast does respiration work?
3221: When we take a bath or a shower, do cells fall in the water? Can cells sense stuff?
3222: How do CDs work?
3223: What do we know about the specifics of the bonding process between a diatomic oxygen molecule (O2) and the third oxygen atom, the combination of which ends up as O3? Does it have to do with radiation? How exactly does it happen? What are the effects of inhaling ozone on the human body? I know that it is harmful to plants and even deadly to them, but what does it do to humans?
3224: Do you think all stocks of polio virus should be destroyed with the upcoming eradication of the disease?
3225: Why does hair grow in your nose?
3226: During mitosis, why is there a line that splits the cell when the cell divides and what causes it to do so in animal cells?
3227: How do Ultraviolet Detecting Beads work? What's the chemistry behind them? UV detecting beads contain a pigment which changes color when exposed to UV light. These beads are sold by Educational Innovations Inc. Their web site is: www.teachersource.com
3228: If I were to dig a hole to the very core of the Earth, then jump, would I float because the gravity is all converging on one spot?
3229: We are studying the Coriolis Effect and the question asked was if you were hovering above Earth in a helicopter would Earth rotate below us and move while we in the helicopter stay in the original place?
3230: Is there any way to create ozone that could be used to fill the holes in the ozone layer?
3231: Why is milk white?
3232: Why does metal, like a fork or aluminum foil spark when placed in a microwave?
3233: If the Titanic was still floating, would a tornado be powerful enough to lift it?
3234: If we send all of our nuclear weaponry at Jupiter could we ignite it to become a star?
3235: How do glowing algae (dinoflagellates) chemically create their light?
3236: Why can we not see the barnacle animals?
3237: How deep is the ocean?
3238: What would happen to time if things suddenly stopped moving? What is the relationship between energy and time?
3239: We have learned that there are exceptions to the aufbau principle. How do chemists know the actual electron configurations for elements like chromium, copper, or platinum?
3240: Do the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipids making up cell membranes overlap and result in thinner but denser membranes? The books always draw the cell membranes with a bilayer such that the lipid tails are separated from each other across the membrane.
3241: How do flowers make their color? How come that the same flower - like lupines for example - can have different colors (pink, blue, red)?
3242: We learned that spiders have eight eyes. Do they see through all 8 eyes or do they only use two like us or do they see completely different from us?
3243: What is the spider silk made of and how can it be so strong to hold a spider?
3244: How come some clovers are three-leafed and some are four-leafed?
3245: Have there been documented cases where a person has received radio waves on the metal in their mouth or metal plates in their head? (Or is it even possible for some to receive radio waves in the metal in their head?)
3246: If mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA, what controls their rate of replication? How much do they depend on their host cell for biochemical machinery?
3247: How do scientists know how old a star is?
3248: How do scientists know a black hole is out there?
3249: Pentremites species. What type of species is it? Is there a commonname for it, what age is it & what type of environment did it form in?
3250: Do any other animals have an appendix? If so what is it used for? Do you know what ours was or is used for? Could ours have been used for the same purpose long ago?
3251: "How big of a tsunami would be needed to cover Lompoc underwater?"
3252: Why does the Earth have different layers? Has its size changed since it was created?
3253: How do scientist know about the different Earth layers if they can't go there?
3254: Did Tyrannosaurus Rex mothers and/or fathers cared for their young? We know that the Oviraptor (meaning egg stealer) was found sitting on a nest of eggs. Was this oviraptor actually brooding the eggs? Also, does the Oviraptor and T. rex have a "wishbone" similar to birds? Is there any connection between this "wishbone" and how the dinosaur cared for its young (similar to how most birds care for their young today).
3255: How do scientists know that molecules exist?
3256: How does fluoride protect my teeth and make them strong?
3257: If brown hair comes from pigments (proteins), aren't gray hairs formed when the pigment is no longer produced? But then why have I seen gray hairs that are gray at the end but dark at the root? What is the story with gray hairs? How do grayhairs form?
3258: From what does the yolk form? Endoderm? Mesoderm? Ectoderm?
3259: What evidence is there for dinosaurs' mating calls, duels, colors, markings, and the environment they lived in? What type of research, other than fossil excavation, if any, has been done to gather evidence for the above? What percentage of the depictions are scientific with supporting evidence versus pure speculation?
3260: Why do some people believe schizophrenia as having a largely environmental component?
3261: Is there a plateau in the heating curve as a substance goes from a gas to plasma? Since it's not really a phase change, I wouldn't think you'd see it.
3262: Is lightning understood to flow from the ground up, simply due to the positive/negative convention of electric current?
3263: If I have a point on a map, defined by the latitude and the longitude, and I want to be able to determine the latitude and longitude at any point on a circle with a radius of 10 nautical miles from that point, what is the equation that gives me the point?
3264: How does the speedometer in an airplane work? The more I think about it the more impossible it seems. I guess now they just use G.P.S. or something but during WW2 how did the planes know how fast they were going?
3265: How does the eggshell form on the egg?
3266: How do fossil bones turn into stones?
3267: Why is gold so soft?
3268: Why is gold found only in certain areas? Is gold always found in a particular kind of rock?
3269: If you evacuate water with an oil pump is the heavy bubbling of the water due to the water boiling at room temperature or is the water just degasing ?
3270: Fox program had questioned whether the Apollo program really send mem to the moon. Did we land on the moon? Do we have proof? Why did the flag move if there is no atmosphere on the moon? Why is there no crater under the spacecraft when it landed and when it took off? Why haven't we gone back to the moon if we have so much technology?
3271: What is the thing that looks like a mouth at the end of the abdomen of the "crane fly" or "mosquito eater?"
3272: Are the two structures on either side of the crane fly, under each wing, that look like this: ------O used for balancing? If so, is it for balancing in flight or on the ground? Also, is there any other insect that has these structures?
3273: How long does it take before your eyes get damaged when looking at the sun?
3274: What would be the difference between a blackhole with a naked singularity vs. a blackhole with an event horizon. Other than the obvious, what would be difference between those two astronomical anomalies?
3275: I was wondering why hydrogen peroxide affects abalone's reproduction?
3276: If antimatter exists, how could it possibly be contained? If antimatter reacts with matter how could it be contained by matter? I heard that scientists had contained a particle of antimatter at Princeton Physics lab. I was wondering how they did this.
3277: What did we use our tonsils for in the past? Why do they get infected? Why do we remove them? Why don't we use them any more?
3278: What characteristic of radioactive material creates mutations in organisms? Do certain radioactive elements have different affects on organisms, or is it purely chance that a material would cause mutations?
3279: I wanted to know if a human were to be totally comsumed by tar and the body was 50ft under ground if the body were to be dragged out after thousands of years would the body be compleatly preserved or would it be all rotten and decomposed due to the natural way of thing?
3280: Why do worms come to the surface when it is raining ?
3281: Do all atoms decay? I know "radioactive" atoms do of course, but I don't really understand how some atoms could decay, while others don't.
3282: In the sun, how come hydrogen atoms, the simplest, only form helium? Why aren't other more complex atoms formed in the fusion?
3283: How is light affected by gravity if it has no mass?
3284: How does light energy become mass if E=mc2 states that energy becomes mass when approaching the speed of light (because mass cannot go the speed of light, the energy pushing it becomes mass) when light itself is going the speed of light. How is that energy converted back into mass?
3285: If black holes give of radiation, and will eventually "evaporate" what happens to all the energy and mass inside? (I know we are not sure of what is in a black hole, and what rules of physics rule.)
3286: If black holes pull in light, how can we detect radiation "evaporating" from it? I'm not sure what type of radiation it is (maybe you can clarify that too) but isn't light and whatever is being emitted all part of the same spectrum. Why is only some radiation effected?
3287: How would a liquid nitrogen fueled craft get thrust? What other fuel would be needed to make a reaction? Could liquid nitrogen be used as fuel, or is it impossible to use?
3288: What is the stealthiest design for an aircraft in terms of radar? I have heard that the F-117A was so stealthy that bats cannot see it using their sonar. What causes this stealth ability? Is it possible to fly at supersonic speeds and remain stealth?
3289: Are there any organisms on earth that have a triple helix DNA strand? If so, how did these organisms evolve this way? If not, is it possible for an organism to have a triple helix DNA strand?
3290: How do speedometers in airplanes work? How could you measure the speed of the air when traveling against or with the jet stream.
3291: What state of matter is fire considered to be in?
3292: If one drives through space at light speed and the head lights are turned on, what will happen? Or...if the tail lights are turned on, that what will that look like?
3293: When do tadpoles (polliwogs) start to appear in the creeks of Santa Barbara? When are the most polliwogs found?
3294: How does a flat screen TV work ?
3295: Why can you set a one dollar bill on fire but it does not burn if you soak it first in a alcohol solution?
3296: Why do we get coastal fog along the coast here in Santa Barbara over summer?
3297: I have heard about a natural nuclear reactor that had formed long ago but was now extinct. Aparently there was a cavity in a rock that was under extreme pressure and heat that caused some radioactive element to explode continuously for thousands of years. I wanted to know whether or not the Radioactive elements that we use in our reactors exist in nature and how these conditions could have come together to create such a rare device in nature?
3298: I have read that Josephson junctions are used in supercomputers. I read that these superconduction circuits used a special material as a cunductor, and it also said in the article that the speed of these computers can be measured in 100s of gigahertz. My question is what is limiting these supercomputers from going into mass production? Does it have something to do with cooling or energy use? Does it have something to do with the size of these computers?
3299: I have a question about data storage in the hard drives of computers. I was rreading an article that said that at a certain small grain size, the magnetic grains of a hardrive will spontaneously loose their charge I was wondering whether or not this affect would happen if the hardrive was contained in a vacuum. If it is possible to create such a small vacuum, then could it be possible to use this idea to create a new, extremely high capacity, hard drive using a vacuum?
3300: What is the deadliest animal in the ocean?
3301: What do jelly fish eat? Where do they get their shock (stinging) from? Where is their mouth?
3302: What animal eats sea anemones ?
3303: How do sea anemones reproduce?
3304: What does a mussel really look like ( the animal inside)?
3305: How does a barnacle molt and grow if it does not leave their outer shell?
3306: I'm wondering why, on a computer, red (R), green (G), and blue (B) together make white, but cyan, yellow, and magenta make dark gray. Then you have to add black (K) to make a complete black, but in RGB you don't need an extra color to make white.
3307: What makes the Earth's core so magnetic?
3308: How can you calculate your age on the Sun?
3309: Imagine that you make contact with an extraterrestrial intelligence. What units would you use to communicate ideas about how our planet or solar system operates? It seems that the units of time, distance, and mass which we use are based on features of our own system and wouldn't necessarily make sense to an intelligence from somewhere else (e.g. Second, Hour, Day, Year, Lightyear, AU, Kilogram, Meter, are all arbitrary or based on the location or movement of the Earth). What are units which anyone from our universe (but not necessarily our planet) would be able to recognize?
3310: How do I induce hypercholesterolemia in albino mice? How do I increase blood cholesterol levels in albino mice? (Please suggest certain amounts and durations for the diet--- I would like some tips from you for my first research project).
3311: How many chromosomes does an elephant have?
3312: Do black holes really exist? If yes, why we have not found them moving around neighboring galaxies?
3313: Can you hear a space ship in space or a super nova?
3314: Since an inhalant is something inhaled, is an inhaler considered a drug?
3315: What is doublet flow?
3316: What is antimatter?
3317: Viruses fascinate me. How is that they are not living organisms? Do you have an idea how did they evolve from other organisms? I was thinking that they probably evolved from the mitochondria, is it possible?
3318: Are scientists measuring the stress under the Ocean plates closed to the California coast? How do they do that?
3319: How do scientists know that the Earth's core is made out of Iron and not another magnetic metal?
3320: Is it possible to have a real life Furry. You know, the animals that can walk on two legs, and have human characteristics. Is this possible?
3321: Is hand sanitizer really effective? Also, since it doesn't kill viruses, should it really say "Kills 99% of all germs!" It seems a bit of a lie. Isn't it better to just wash our hands?
3322: Do puffer fish live in coral reefs?
3323: Is the coral reef poisonous?
3324: Do clown fish live in coral reefs because the water is warm?
3325: Do Bumble bee fish eat flowers and honey?
3326: In chemistry class today, we were learning about how fuel works in powering cars and how oil is injected into a cylinder and the sparkplug makes it catch fire and the mini-explosion pushes the piston. Now, my question is, if only a small explosion is needed to push the pistons, why do we use oil and not some other flammable fuel that can do the same job and in more abundance?
3327: What type of sound waves does an accordion produce?
3328: How many joints are in a human body?
3329: What are the products produced in the decomposition reaction between p-nitroaniline and sulfuric acid at temperatures above 392 degrees Fahrenheit?
3330:

When we spray perfume into the air, we smell the particles of the perfume. Are those particles a liquid or a gas?

Some of us think that it is small, minute droplets of perfume liquid (like steam is condensed water vapor in the form of liquid.

Some of us think that since the perfume is volatile, that the particles that we are smelling are gas particles that have evaporated from the liquid perfume.

Could you please help us with this?

Also, how about the popcorn smell we smell when we microwave popcorn?

Thank you very much!!

3331: Hello! How are you guys? I have a question about a gravitational potential formula I have been using for physics calculations, but I'm not sure if I'm using it for the right applications. I'd like to attach a document showing my work but I cant do it here. Can you please send me an email so I can get it to you guys? Thanks!
3332: Can physical health effect your ability to learn?
3333: When a person gets diabetes, what organ is malfunctioning? What is it failing in the human body that produces any kind of diabetes?
3334: Does water have a "texture"?
3335: When does Argon gas go into the "lasing" phase? What is the typical wavelength(s)of Argon gas during lasing? How much energy at which tempo is needed for lasing?
3336:

Hello, I am a current intern at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Columbus Ohio and I am having some trouble with teaching myself some cell signaling pathways for microbial pathogenesis. I taught myself the three complement pathways to destroy pathogens through the use of C5bC78 added to around 10-16 C9s to make a MAC, but I am trying to teach myself the toll-like receptor pathways and others like that. I am very much a visual learner but these pictures that I am getting online are too complex for me to decipher. Also, the videos online that I am finding are too simple and I need to go more into depth. I have a presentation of what I did in the lab for the past few months coming up on August 10th and I need to be as well prepared as I can be because a scholarship is on the line that I am competing with other students for and it is vital that I am well prepared to be as versed as I can be in the topic of microbial pathogenesis and immunology. Are there any sites or books that you would recommend me looking for? I would really like help here! Thanks so much.


3337: Do you think we will ever be able to harness and/or contain the energy of antimatter for usage in most areas in a safe manner?
3338: In quantum mechanics . When a photon is created , is it possible to predict the following?: A, its place in the wave pattern (i.e. Does it start existence at the center point or peak of a wave? ) B ,the direction it will travel with in that wave pattern?
3339: I have a question about magnetic surfactants. If one puts a non-magnetic surfactant in water (soap, for example), the surfactant will spread out and form a thin film above the surface of the water. If one was to put a magnetic surfactant in water, however, and stick a magnet in the solution, would the magnetic surfactant concentrate itself on/and around the magnet (moving with the magnet, if it is disturbed)? Or would it diffuse itself through-out the water much like the normal surfactant? Thanks for the help!
3340: Which is made from a plant silk, linen or nylon?
3341: The cherry plant has no Chlorophyll but how can it produce cherries?
3342: Why are tears so salty?
3343: I did the following experiment and I have a question. I took a lit incense stick and a small lit wax candle, then I held the lit tip of the incense stick on the wax of the candle such that the wax melts in a way that the effervesces of the incense stick passes through the flame of the candle. I saw that the incense stick has caught the flame. It looks like the flame of the candle has passed through the effervescence to the stick. How does it happen?
3344: Dear Researcher! I read the article on the question "How thick is an eggshell" Amongst others... the thickness of the ostrich egg depends on the age. How much weight does an ostrich egg lose...in 500 years? Is the loss of 50% of its original weight possible? Many thanks.
3345: Do multi-cellular plants and fungi possess immune systems analogous to those found in animals, with white blood cells?
3346: How do animals stay hidden in the sand as the tide is going out and the sand is going with the tide?
3347: What is the theory of evolution?
3348: What is microbial biotechnology?
3349: I am trying to find out what I have found. Can you help me? I recently found another object even bigger than the picture attached. Thank you.
3350: Is it possible to produce helium gas through fire?
3351:

Is it possible that an ostrich egg shell has Barium in it? I understand from the article I read that ostriches eat everything and some come from Northern Africa including Morocco, which is rich in minerals. I also understand that the water the ostriches drink there can contain barium.

So, is it possible that the egg shell contains that barium? Many thanks.


3352: I am trying to find out what I have found. Can you help me? I recently found another object even bigger than the picture attached. Thank you.
3353: I am trying to find out what I have found. Can you help me? I recently found another object even bigger than the picture attached. Thank you.
Click here to see what I found:
what I found 1 what I found 2
3354: I would like to do an experiment at home on how weather affects static electricity. Can you help me get started? How do I do it?
3355: If the density of the ostrich shell is about 3000 Hounds field Units, or 38 Grams/cm3 for a new egg... and the natural loss reduces the density for an egg of an ostrich to 28 around the year 1850, to 25 around 1750 and to 23 around 1700, and to 20 around 1600 and to 18 around 1500, or the weight of about 125 grams. Can this decline of density be a proof of the age of an un-mounted, engraved ostrich egg?
3356: Do giant squids have lungs?
3357: How do divers equalize the pressure in great depths?
3358: Is it possible for auroral activity to slightly activate a florescent light causing it to flicker on and off ?
3359: Will the Earth be colder in a billion years?
3360: Does stem cells treatment can cure frontal temporal disorder?
3361: Why do paradoxical frogs shrink as they grow older?
3362: Are there any known short or long-term health effects from using an ionic hair dryer?
3363: Under which circumstances is that one cans feel heavier in a lift?
3364: Who discovers chemicals and how are they discovered?
3365: Iceland characterizes for its eruptions and earthquakes. How do Icelanders take advantage of Iceland’s volcanic nature?
3366: How do biosensors transmit messages to the cell?
3367: How many elements are there in the known universe?
3368: When do sperms come in the human body?
3369: When a red blood cell gets old and worn out a white blood cell surrounds and engulfs it, forming a vesicle that then fuses with a Lysosome. What is this process called?
3370:

Given an Ostrich egg with known density, what is its age?
Here is the data file:
click here to see

3371: How are hurricanes named? I would like to know how Hurricane Isaac got its name.
3372: What happens when you drink too many energy drinks?
3373: Why do we need water to survive?
3374: During plant metabolism, CO2 concentration levels increase around the plant when it is subjected to periods of darkness and decreases when the plant is in periods of illumination. How does this happen at the level of the structures, molecules and mechanisms involved in this process?
3375: In how many directions do our blood circulates in the body?
3376: Who firstly discovered elements in your team at the MRL and what was your best experiment?
3377: Hello there, Is there any possible connection between predicting someone having a baby and having a bipolar episode at the same time? Does science allow for this to be possible, or there is clearly a way to denote that this is not possible, in the future. Having a bipolar episode close to when someone else has a child, I do not know how to make it more clear. How tough is it to get this answered considering the scientific information available to humans today? I can clarify more if needed.
3378: I am interested in the low stress mechanical properties of linen, lycra, blended woven, and knitted fabrics. Could you help me?
3379: Why Europe does not have any tropical climates?
3380: How long do glow sticks last?
3381: What types of nutrients are in bananas and apples?
3382: What is the substrate of bulgaros and the organelle that makes this process possible?
3383: How energy generated by chemical reactions can be converted into light energy in terms of the behavior of electrons? Does a compound that emits red light would require more energy than a compound that emits a violet light?
3384: How would I calculate the magnitude and direction of acceleration of a galaxy moving towards another galaxy? The only values I know are that both galaxies mass = 1.42 x 1042 kg.
Thanks

3385: If we take water to space, how is the water density affected?
3386: If cells are the smallest unit of living things, are cells made out of cells?
3387: If a woman has sex with two different men can the child have the DNA of both men and the women? The sex was say within three hours of each orgasm.
3388: How does the lunar orbit compare to a circular path?
3389: How is blood sugar controlled in a healthy individual? I would like to know the role of enzymes, hydrolysis, condensation and the hormones that control blood sugar via bio-synthetic and catabolic processes.
3390: How do invertebrates excrete their wastes?
3391: I wish to find out the speed of sound in air, but I am having trouble thinking up an experiment to do so ? What materials will I need and how do you think I can possibly do it at home?
3392: Hi,I have query related to UV index. If there is an UV index of 15 affecting a room made of clear glass, no special coating, no lamination, just simple breakable glass of thickness 3mm, how much UV will pass through and how much will be blocked by this 3mm thick plain, clear, no laminated/coated glass?
3393: Are any organisms' habitats being fragmented or destroyed in the arctic wetlands?
3394: When a metal is burnt with a bright white light, what is that process called?
3395: How do other planets affect Earth's gravitational pull?
3396: How waves can lead to theories about the internal structure of Earth?
3397: Who finally established that there are things called atoms?
3398: How was the moon created?
3399: How do animals help plant reproduction?
3400: Which are the different techniques for preservation of patent print and plastic print? Both are the type of fingerprint.
3401:

How can I determine the magnitude of the vertical (“up”) force that the sphere exerts on the lid, given the radius of the cone, its tangential velocity, and the mass of the sphere (s) (and of course, from that information, the centripetal acceleration experienced by the sphere)?

see figure

I have done the following calculations (shown below) to determine the magnitude of the vertical force, with the help of a professor from school. We made a few assumptions about the rotating sphere in order to simplify the problem, but overall I think the calculations should still approximate a real life situation. I would like to make sure that we have not made any errors, however. Would you guys mind looking at it and making sure our calculations are correct?

Thank you!

∑ FY = (– m*g) – N2M + (N*sinθ) = 0
∑ FX = (N*cosθ) = m*(v2/r)
N2 = (m*g) – (N*sinθ)
(N*cosθ) = (m*v2)/r
N = (m*v2)/(r*cosθ)
N2 = (m*g) – ( ((m*v2)/ (r*cosθ))*sinθ )
N2 = (m*g) – ( ((m*v2)/r) *tanθ)
N2 = m*(g – ((v2/r) *tanθ) )

“Up” Force = N2 = m*(g – ((v2/r)*tanθ) )
Where v equals the tangential velocity of the rotating cone.


3402: If a red blood cell is damaged. Does it get paralyzed or not?
Thank You.

3403:

I have a question about the genetic similarities between the major primate species (orangutans, chimpanzees, gorillas, gibbons, and bonobos) and humans. A lot of times one hears about how humans and chimps are the closest to each other genetically, differing in their genetic makeup by only a few percent. I´m wondering though, how close genetically are the great apes to each other?

For example, how close are chimps to gorillas, gibbons, or bonobos? Or gorillas to orangutans, etc.? Do you guys know of any references comparing the genetic codes of all of the great apes to humans (from which I could deduce how similar the great apes are from themselves)? Or perhaps a direct comparison of primate genetic codes to each other? I´m mostly interested in the overall percentage difference between each species, but I´d love to look at any additional information as well such as where their genetic codes differ with regard to each other.

Any help or references to resources on the subject would be greatly appreciated! Thanks!

Best,

3404: How long does it take for water to boil?
3405: How do scientists know what color dinosaurs were?
3406: When I put some sponge balls in water, why do they stick to each other and to the vessel?
3407: How many chromosomes are there in a Geometrid Moth?
3408:

For my 8th grade science project, I have decided to conduct an experiment to see how the temperature of air affects the speed of sound in that medium. I have made some research on the subject, and I have found a design for an experiment to do this test:

I have to insert on one side of a plastic cylinder a speaker, delivering a pulse at a regular rhythm. On the other end will be a microphone connected to an oscilloscope, which will be mounted so that I can adjust its position from the pulse. By moving the microphone enough to change the position of the graph on the oscilloscope, I can find the relationship between the distance of the pulse and the microphone in relation to the increased time. By doing this several times with various distances I can estimate the speed of sound, and by heating or cooling the air in the tube (using applying ice packs on the sides, or heating it with a blow dryer) and measuring the speed of sound at those temperatures, I will be able to see the relationship between the speed of sound in air and the temperature.

Could any of you help me to do this experiment at your lab, where we will need a pulse generator and an oscilloscope? I will take care of the rest of the equipment that I need. I think that this experiment will take a couple of hours and I will do my best while working there.

Sincerely,

3409: From my own research I learned that cancer cells are created by abnormal cells that have undergone a change,and they use the amino acids in your body literally eating you alive. Can cancer be killed by the depletion of the amino acids in a person's body? Also, how could we sustain their life because amino acids are the bases of a human protein and body, but they are also the fuel and build if cancer?
3410: Can a black hole be created by the Earth's pollution and our radiation?
3411: Can viral RNA multiply itself inside the cell membrane with ribosomes and get through all of the cell defenses (such as lysosomes and splicer insomes)? Are there such things as defensines?
3412: Why isn't Venus livable if it's just like Earth?
3413: I live in the Catskill Mountains. My grandma has polliwogs in a pond near her house. It's going to be freezing in a couple of nights. Will the polliwogs all die?
3414: How do you prove in an experiment that digestion occurs and how?
3415: Which is the hottest desert in the world?
3416: Why light reflects off mirrors?
3417: What is goldfish? How do goldfish live? Where do goldfish live? What do goldfish eat? What are some goldfish habitats?
3418: Can viral deoxyribonucleic acids infect the nucleus and other organelles? Do defensins poke holes in an infected cell? Does viral DNA and RNA look the same as our DNA and RNA?
3419: How many chromosomes does a ladybug have?
3420: What does it mean to have four tides?
3421: I was wondering if you know where can I buy callus initiation medium and clone induction medium? I'm doing a project dealing with plant cloning. If you know where to get them that would be a big help!
3422: Does a candle temperature affect its burning rate?
3423: Is it necessary to insert the nucleus of somatic cell of any animal in an egg cell of the same type of animal in cloning? Can we insert sheep somatic cell in cow egg cell and have a successful cloning? If so,why is it possible? If not,why is not it possible?
3424: I think that Science has successfully done cloning. I think that Science is doing progress in body preservation after death. Combining body preservation and cloning, can Science recreate and bring back a death body, let say after 4 years of being buried? I mean, can Science work on a skeleton, fixing every part of the body and bringing it back to life?
3425: What is enamel?
3426: Does the sun rotate?
3427: Is fire something alive?
3428: If you compare the two sequences of HindIII and HaeII, is there anything unusual about the sequence itself? Is there something about AAGCTT or AATT that might suggest it is something other than random if you came across it in a DNA sequence? If you wanted to cut up a genome into smaller pieces instead of larger pieces, and you had the three enzymes to choose from that we talked about above, which enzyme would you use? The 4, 6 or 8 base pair cutter, and why?
3429: Where will an ice cube melt faster, in salt water or in freshwater?
3430: In Social Studies, we are studying landforms but our textbook doesn't tell us anything about volcanoes or canyons. Can you tell us more about these types of landforms?
3431: Why people living in India and UK have different eye color ?
3432: Though stomata remains closed at night, there is still evolution of carbon dioxide. Why is this?
3433: How does the shape of football affect the distance the ball travels?
3434: How has science helped animals?
3435: What has the units of Newtons and can push and pull a mass?
3436: What would be used for a wave that has the wavelength of about the size of a molecule of water?
3437: How does water absorb heat?
3438: Why does the moon have so many craters?
3439: How does the cardiac muscle contract and relax in a proper way (rhythmically) if it has not bony attachment or nerves?
3440: Why are some people visual learners and some people auditory learners? How can you test them to find out which one they are? Thank you!
3441: Why snow looks white while water is colorless?
3442: What would happen if the world rotated in the opposite direction than it already does?
3443: What are the world’s strongest two elements?
3444: What is heat measured with?
3445: Does the color blue effect plant growth?
3446: If I wanted to do a science project having to do with does middle school math stay with through adulthood? Should I test them on basic everyday life questions or more complicated math that is not used in everyday life?
3447: How does wearing a seat belt affect the damage to a passenger in a car crash?
3448: How many moons are on the planets?
3449: I am conducting a science experiment on the affects of sports drinks, such as Gatorade, on a persons physical performance. I was wondering if I could contact someone and interview them via email to ask them some questions about my experiment. An example of the type of questions I would be asking are: Are there any flaws in the way I have designed the experiment?Is the way I am recording data the most efficient way? And also some questions about research on some ingredients in sport drinks.
3450: Hello. I am conducting my 8th grade Science project at my school right now and I am experimenting to see if Junior Highers learn better visually or auditory. I was wondering if someone could give me a recommendation of a person, who specializes in this field, who I could interview via email.
3451: Is there bacteria life on Mars?
3452: Why was hurricane Katrina so devastating?
3453: Is Panda bear related to Raccoon?
3454: Is there a possibility that there are some living things outside the earth?
3455: What is the bet way to get to the Hadal zone?
3456: What is the function of the nucleus pulposus in adult? Not Embryo
3457: I am wondering what a migmatite is and how is it related to the Mt. Rushmore granites? How was the Black Hills Gold deposited? Could you explain this? We are researching different areas of gold deposits in our advanced geology class. Thanks!
3458: What are pop rocks made of?
3459: Is a thumbprint from someon\'s left hand identical to a thumbprint from the right hand?
3460: Are the smooth muscles in continuous working (contract & relax) for life? For example, if the stomach is empty, will it work or not? How do both states (contract & relax) work in the body according to the organ? Note: ignore the peristaltic period please.
3461: What causes the water to bubble?
3462: If red blood cells would become curved, what will it happen? How can we improve blood circulation & reshape red blood cells if they are damaged?
3463: How do mountains change with time?
3464: Can you show me a picture of spider bites?
3465: How do the nerves in our tongue work?
3466: What are the scientific names for red meat and white meat?
3467: How much water is in the Atlantic Ocean?
3468: Does the amount of stretch of a rubber band affect the distance a rubber band will travel?
3469: I have a science fair project due sometime in January. The question is: Will chemical insecticide affect plant growth? (affect as in stunt) I Also want to know a few things: -What kind of plant will grow fast in the winter? -How will I know when to start experimenting? (I am going to be collecting data every two days and I am growing 12 plants and I\'m going to water half with insecticide and the other half without) Thank You so very much!
3470:

We are doing the science fair at our school and I need to conduct an interview with a scientist by e-mail. The question of my project is: Which color light transmits the most energy and heat?

In the interview, I would like to ask questions like this:

Information about you, like name, email, career field/studies.
What knowledge do you have on energy and the color spectrum?
What could I do to improve this project or expand from it?
What are some similar things that you work with that could help me better understand my project?
Any ideas that could help me will be great.


3471: What popcorn pops the most kernels and what is the reason? For example, brands likeWinn Dixie Popsecret? Or Orville brand?
3472: How does the dizzying motion after-effect (from spinning on a swing) affect hand-eye coordination? How long does the effect last in comparison to how long one spins for?
3473: My name is Camille Cosio and I am an 8th grader at La Colina Jr. High School. Currently in my science class we are conducting science experiments that will be judged by our teachers and winners from each category will go on to the county science fair and so on and so forth. For my experiment I will be testing how yeast is affected by artificial sweeteners. Part of our science experiment we must conduct an interview with a student or expert in our field. My field is microbiology. I was wondering if there would be any one who would be willing to let me interview them by e-mail, it would be greatly appreciated. If there is not anybody I completely understand and will just use this website. Thanks for the effort.n Sincerely, Camille.
3474: Hi, I am currently working on my eight grade science fair project. I am testing if stage fright is real or just in your head. I was wondering if there was an expert I could interview about my topic. Someone trained in Psychology is what I was thinking. Thank-You!
3475:

Hello, my name is Jenna. I am an 8th grade student at La Colina J.H. I am currently working on my science fair project. My Science fair question is:

How does a wetsuit affect drag?

My procedures are:
1.Wear a competition swimsuit.
2. Swim in 25m pool
3. Swim 100m.
4. Measure and document time of 100m swim.
5. Rest 2 minutes.
6. Repeat steps 1-5 nine times.
7. Average the times of all 100m swim sets.
8. After a week of rest, wear a triathlon swimming wetsuit of 3mm thickness neoprene with no arms.
9. Repeat steps 2-7 wearing wetsuit.
My hypothesis is: If the wetsuit does create drag then I think the competitive swimsuit will provide better speed and time then the wetsuit. IF you have the time I would really appreciate answers to these questions.
a. Do my procedures sound like they would work for my experiment?
b. Is there anything I could do to make my experiment better?
c. Would it be better to do five trials of the competition suit and then five trials of the wetsuit on one day then do the same thing a week later?
d. Is there any vital information about drag I should know before conducting my experiment?
e. What is the best way to measure drag?

3476:

Hi scientists,
I am in 8th grade and I\'m starting to work on the science fair project. The question for my project is:
How does sight affects taste?

I will test that by having 3 equal amounts of soda drinks in clear cups. One will be cherry, one will be grape and one will be lemon/lime. The volunteers will first taste each drink and try to guess the flavors. Next, I will blindfold the volunteers and have them guess again. Then I will add food coloring to the drinks to make the cherry look like grape, lemon/lime look like orange and grape look like root beer or cocoa cola. The volunteers will then test each drink and tell me what they think each flavor is. My hypothesis is that on the control and blindfolded test, most people will guess correctly. On the incorrect colored test, I think people will guess the cherry to be grape, the lemon/lime to be orange and the grape to be coca cola.

a. Do you think that the procedures should be done differently in order to answer my question (How does sight affects taste)?
b. Do you think the colors of each flavor make a difference, or should I change them?
c. Do you think my hypothesis is correct?
d. Is there anything important that I need to know before I start conducting the experiment?
e. How many volunteers do you think I should have to make the experiment reliable?
f. How do you think I should graph this information?
g. Do you think this are too many variables to deal with, and should I make it to just one flavored drink?
h. Is there anything else you know about why sight effects taste that you think is important to conduct this experiment?
i. What do for your career, and what is your knowledge in this topic?
Thank you so much for your time and expertise on this subject. This will help me greatly on my science project.


3477: What do plants need to grow?
3478: This question has to do with us learning about atoms and elements and the "families" on the Periodic Table in my Geophysics class (and orbitals, or 'shells'). The question is, "Which of the families has 2 extra protons in the outer shell?"
3479: Does your nose run in space?
3480: If we were to communicate with an astronaut on space, would there be a delay? If so, how late would that communication be? And how would they communicate with us?
3481: How do colors affect the light for a plant to grow?
3482: Why chilly tastes bitter?
3483: I am doing an experiment with diamagnetic (repelled by magnets) materials and magnets. I am trying to figure out what kind of easily obtainable, diamagnetic material, is the strongest (by levitation). The materials I am using are: Pyrolitic Carbon, Bismuth, Lead, Graphite, and Copper. I was wondering if you had any of these materials (3x3 inches, 4x4 inches, 5x5 inches, etc., plates approximately 1 mm thick) at UCSB or knew anywhere that might have them (for a cheap price of course). I am looking for 2 plates (all the same size) of each of the materials. If you know anything, then please tell me. Also, I was wondering if you guys have any available mentors. I need a mentor also for my Science Project so if you have anyone available then please tell me. Thanks!
3484: What elements are found in the compound methoxycinnamate?
3485: I am testing the quality of a fingerprint lifted with different materials used. 1.What conclusions can I expect? 2.What are good materials I can use to test and what are the procedures that follow?3.Is there new technology that helps investigators find the best quality of a fingerprint lifted?4. What do you do on a daily basis for your job?
3486: I am working on a science project about how color affects taste and I was wondering if you could connect me with someone who knows a lot about this topic that i could interview via email. I would be asking questions like, are there any flaws in how i set up my experiment? What do you think is the most efficient way to test this hypothesis? and also some questions about the topic itself.
3487: Do any aliens exist? Does any planet have conditions to live?
3488: How does music affect plant growth?
3489: 1. What part of the brain stores and helps with concentration? 2. Can music improve test scores? 3. What part of the brain does music trigger? 4. How can I make my project the best it can be?
3490: I am doing my science fair project which is: Does chewing gum improve memory? These are my questions:1. What section of the human brain holds memory 2. What techniques improve memory? 3. Can chewing gum improve your memory? 4. How does gum stimulate the brain? 5. How can I make my project the best it can be? 6. What is your profession? Thank you
3491:

My science project is: How does music affect blood pressure?

1. How do you think music affects blood pressure?

2. Can music be healthy to listen to?

3. How can I make my project the best it can be?


3492: How much soil will I need to grow one bean plant? What type of bean plant grows the fastest? What is the most common soil used by farmers/gardeners in Santa Barbara County? How much water will a bean plant need? How often should I water it? What is your field of expertise? THANK YOU!
3493: How does a rocket travel from Earth to the moon?
3494: What happens if your body does not produce red blood cells? Is this something that has happened to anybody?
3495: What is tetnus?
3496: Does the color of a candle affect the rate of burning?
3497: How does the light affect the growth of plants?
3498: I am working on a science project about how color affects taste and I was wondering if you could help me with advice. I would like to interview a scientist via email. I would be asking questions like: Are there any flaws in how I set up my experiment? What do you think is the most efficient way to test this hypothesis? I would also like to do some questions about the topic itself.
3499:

Thank you! What is your favorite part of life science? Least favorite?

Also, I was planning on conducting my project by:
1) having 15 test subjects throw 5 tennis balls each into a hoola hoop / bucket 10 meters away.
2) spinning 15 test subjects on a swing for 30 seconds and then having them immediately throw 5 tennis balls each into a hoola hoop/bucket 10 meters away.
3) once the subject gets off swing I will have a timer set to time how long they feel dizzy for and will stop the timer when they notify me they no longer feel dizzy
4) recording and comparing results

Do you have any suggestions to help make my experiment more accurate? precise? better in general?


thank you so much!

3500: How does erosion affect us?
3501:

I am doing a science project on How smell affects memory and I am interested in finding someone to interview and answer my questions.Here are my questions, and I hope to hear back about someone I can interview. Thanks. Questions:


1. How are the brain and olfactory bulb connected?.
2. How does memory work?.
3. How much of the information one learns is remembered for the average person?
4. Are smells remembered?
5. Can perfumes be linked to memories?
6. How does the brain store memories?
7. Where does the brain store memories?
8. Are there certain smells proven to trigger memories?
9. What are some smells that have effects on the brain?

3502: Does music help plants grow?
3503: What makes up salt?
3504: What would happen if you brought a giant squid up to the surface of water?
3505: I am doing an experiment on ice cubes melting in salt water or fresh water. I've done the experiment and it melts faster in fresh water. For my project, I need to explain why this happens and why this experiment is helpful to humans. My mom does not know. I also need the name of the person who answers my question. Thank you so much. I know it is late but this project is due Nov. 30.
3506: For a dog to be a lefty or a righty, does it have an effect on the animals physical or mental behavior?
3507: Is there a speed at which the force of the car's motion makes it so that the seat belt can no longer protect the passenger?
3508:

Hi, I am doing a science project on how sight and smell affect the taste of food. I am testing 5 sugars and I have five questions.

1. Have there been experiments done like mine? If so what were the results?
2. What do you think my results will be?
3. Do you know the connection between smell and taste?
4. Have you tested the connection between the two senses often?
5. What do you do daily while working?

3509: What jobs did you have previously that led up to your career? I am testing how different surfaces affect the quality of a fingerprint lifted, what conclusions can I expect? Are there key surfaces I should use in my experiment? - What are the different types of fingerprints and is there a specific type of fingerprint that is more visible than others?
3510: Why is the blood type AB called AB
3511: How can you separate antioxidants from a fruit?
3512: How does magnetism affect Earth?
3513: How to make electricity?
3514: Does the amount of stretch in a rubber affect the distance the rubber band will travel?
3515: How does the sun affect surface ocean currents and deep ocean currents?
3516: How does the moon control the tides? Can you put it into a way that is easy to understand?
3517: If you put alcohol instead of water to a plant, what happens to the plant?
3518: How do we know that the earth has a solid core?
3519: Why does a plant need oxygen?
3520: Since photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposites, why don't plants use the waste products of each for the other? For example, why don't plants use the CO2 and H20 from cellular respiration in photosynthesis? Why do they give it off as waste? And same goes for the waste products of photosynthesis used in cellular respiration. All I'm asking is why, after 3.5 billion years of evolution, has this not been utilized?
3521: Is Europa colder or hotter than Earth?
3522: Why is the giant panda classified as a bear and not classified as a raccoon?
3523: How many sets of chromosomes do tomatoes have?
3524: How does evaporation affect crystal growth?
3525: How does color affect plant growth?
3526: How do single-celled organisms function?
3527: How is the phenomenon or syndrome called when somebody can not understand his or her writings?
3528: What types of test should I use for a music concentration experiment?
3529: Why does a fruit turn brown?
3530: Why has x-ray been detected to pass through a black hole?
3531: What type of ion does hydrogen form?
3532: Do people have better visual or auditory memory?
3533: What is a good experiment with chicken bones for a Science fair?
3534: How is that hydrogen and oxygen make a compound?
3535: How are human organelles affected?
3536: I was asked on a science test:'True or False: Molecules are moving all the time. I wrote false, because I thought molecules stopped moving at absolute zero. I was marked incorrect, and my teacher showed me that the book said molecules keep moving. Am I right? Do molecules stop moving at absolute zero?
3537: I am doing a science experiment on how pH affects the amount of algal growth, and I am using cyanobacteria as I would like to relate my experiment back to how pH could affect the amount of algal biofuel yield. I am using a colorimeter to determine the concentration of the algae. I am not sure which wavelength of light I should use to measure the algae. Which wavelength of light should I use to measure cyanobacteria growth?
3538: What are some bad things that organisms do for our cells?
3539: Does the panda have a circulatory system?
3540: Why do we grow? How did we come upon to be humans?
3541: I am growing plants in 3 boxes with a light source cut in different areas. Trying to find out if light direction affects its growth. What kind of plants are the fastest to grow ? I am trying sweet peas. Would that work ? Thank you !
3542: Why is water the only element that is found in 3 states of matter?
3543: How wide is a gray whale?
3544: Why do plants need water?
3545:

Hi! For my science fair project I'm doing an experimenting plant gravitropism, by growing three bean plants upside down, and three right side up. I have some questions for you to please answer:


1. For the upside down bean plants, I just put the seed in normally, however it still grew upwards. The roots came out of the bottom of the fiber seed starter pots, and the shoots burst through the pot and grew upwards! I expected the plant grow down, and then curve up.
2. What would have happened if the pot was clay? Would the shoot have turned around when it reached the top, and grow out the bottom?
3. What should I have done if I do the experiment again?
4. I know about negative and positive geotropism, and I now feel bad for having expected it to grow down and then up! Thanks so much!- Natasha

3546:

My science fair question is: How does music affect concentration? I have 4 questions.


Question 1. What is your Major?
Question 2. What type of music would be the most affective?
Question 3. Do you think my procedures are correct?
Step 1. Get 10 people.
Step 2. Get 10 groups of 10 mazes( same level mazes).
Step 3. Have each person do a maze one-by-one without music and time them.
Step 4. Repeat 5 times per person with a different set of mazes for each trial.
Step 5. Record observations and data.
Step 6. Have each person do a maze one by one with music.
Step 7. Repeat 5 times per person with a different set of mazes for each trial.
Step 8. Record observations and data.

Question 4. What is your prediction of the conclusion?

Thank you.

3547:

1)Is it better to use a bowl or a container to make gelatin?
2)Does it matter what kind of water I use to make gelatin? Or is it better to use faucet or purified water?
3)Where do you work?
4)Is there anything you suggest me that I should include to supplement my background for my experiment on gelatin?

3548: What elements or things besides water can exist in the 3 states, solid,liquid and gas?
3549: Why is it that we have two hydrogen bonding with one oxygen and not four?
3550: How are scientists able to identify which layers of the Earth are solid or liquid using seismic waves?
3551: What materials can make ice melt faster?
3552: If you dig a hole in the center of the Earth and you drop a stone in the hole, what will it happen?
3553: What would happen to a particle if we accelerated it to the speed of light? Will the particle fade or will it turn into energy? PS: I know we can't accelerate particles to the speed of light, but I'm just asking "what if?"
3554: 1. What do you think the effects of magnetism will have on plants? 2. What did you major in? 3. Do you think weather will play a role in magnetism affecting plant growth? 4. Do you think lettuce or pansies will have a greater increase of growth based on the affects of magnetism? 5. How many plants should I use to be sure my experiment is based on the fact that magnetism affected the growth?
3555:

I am doing a Science experiment at La Colina Jr. High School. My experiment is with levitation. I have built my stand and have successfully levitated a magnet. I have thought up some questions for you.

1) About how strong is diamagnetism at it's strongest (how much would a magnet be repelled by a piece of the strongest diamagnetic material in the world, strongest meaning how strongly diamagnetic)?

2) Is everything diamagnetic at least to some extent (besides magnets)?

3) What is a Superconductor?

4) What is the strongest diamagnetic material besides superconductors?

5) What is the study of materials and what kind of job would that be?

6) What career does Diamagnetism/Levitation relate to?

7) Could you tell me about your career at UCSB? And what does it entail?


3556: If I dig a hole through the earth and drop a brick in it, what will it happen?
3557: Is the world going to end on Friday?
3558: Will the solar system end soon?
3559:

In my experiment, I will be testing how effective the pinky is at estimating the temperature of water. I was wondering how many sensor cells there are in the human pinky?

I recently did some research on how the brain gets these sensory details from the skin and found that the part of the brain that receives these signals is called the Hypothalamus. Where in the brain is the Hypothalamus and how large is it in comparative size to the rest of the brain.?

What is the rate of temperature increase or decrease to room temperature for water that I should use in my experiment?

When using statistical analysis, what is the most effective way to have realistic numbers?

I plan on using set ranges of temperatures for people to estimate the temperatures for. I am going to tell them what these ranges are; just that they are hot, room temperature, and cold. I plan on having the cold at around 30-40 degrees, the room temperature from 60-75, and the hot at 100-110. Do you think this is a good idea or should I just have a set temperature for each section of the test?

Thanks for answering these questions for my Science Fair Project


3560:

My science experiment is about plants adjusting to their environment to reach light.I have one plant in each of my three boxes. In each box there is a cut out hole and the hole is in a different area, in which the plant must adapt. My first question is:

1. I have planted my sweet peas but it takes them around 10 days to sprout. When do I record in my data table?

2. How should I record its growth when it hasn't even sprouted ?

3. Once it sprouts, should I record its growth as day 1?

Then, should I record every 2 day or 3 days?

Thank you very, much for your help !

3561: How would I be able to measure the texture of a cake according to its fluffiness?
3562:

How has musical therapy been effectively used?

Is a heart rate monitor the best tool to monitor heart rate?

What background do you need to be a musical therapist?

Will the music someone is listening to change their resting heart rate?


3563:

1) Do Great White Sharks purposefully attack people?

2) Why are people so afraid of a shark that looks so fake in the movie?

3) Is there a possibility of overtaking fear in your mind?

4) How exactly does fear work in the human mind?

5) What is your current job and what do you have your credentials in?


3564:

My project is what is the fastest way to cool a beverage. The beverages I am using are coke, sprite, cow milk, and goat milk.I am going to put each beverage into 3 coolers. One cooler with ice, another with water and ice, and the last one with water, ice and salt. I have a few questions about my project and about you.

1. What is your career choice?

2. How would I find the starting temperature of the cooler?

3. What do you think will happen?

Why?

4. What do you have your crudentials in?

5. How does salt affect the freezing rate?


3565:

1) How are microwaves transmitted, and where do the waves come from?

2)How does a microwave oven heat up food?

3)How severe is the radiation from a microwave oven and what is its capable damage?

4)Is it true that if you stand in front of a functioning microwave, then you will get brain cancer?

5)Is there any evidence that the radiation from a microwave oven effected a person\'s brain?

6)What is your current profession and what was your major in college?


3566:

1. How does Gravity affect the speed of a parachute falling to the ground?

2 Does the type of material to make the parachute affect the flight pattern?

3. Does wind affect the flight pattern?

4. Does the size of the parachute affect the speed of it falling to the ground?


3567: What is the science behind water freezing?
3568: What makes markers spread on paper? And also on wet paper?
3569:

Dear Scientist,
Could you answer the following questions for me?

What is your major?

How does salt water affect freezing rate?

How does carbonation affect freezing rate?

How does carbonation, salt, and fresh (filtered) water affect the cooling rate in different environments?

3570:

Is it possible to combine Gold, Titanium, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen into a single molecule? I would like to know the shape of the molecule, and the chemical formula. Is there more than one possibility? I would really appreciate your help here. I am trying to make a computer game about space, and this molecule will be the fuel for engines, you can grind it up and make it lubricant for the engines, and it\'s deadly in its liquid state.Thank you very much!

3571:

I hope you can help me. I am Irish, but I go to school in North London as my parents live here. I am working on an experiment on how to take soap out of water. I have blown air into the soapy water for hours but more and more bubbles seem to appear. I have 2 questions:

1. If I blow air into the water for long enough will doing this take the soap out of the water?

2. If I vacuum the soap bubbles will it burst them?


3572: What are the effects on a fish that is dyed?
3573: How does heat transfer?
3574: What is the difference between tsunamis and hurricanes?
3575: Why is growing plants outside better than growing it indoors?
3576: What happens when Magnesium burns?
3577: 1. What is music therapy?
2. What kind of degree must someone have to become a music therapist?
3. What kind of music would affect concentration least? Most?
4. How many times should I test the experiment?
5. What kind of predictions do you have for the outcome of the question: What kind of music affects concentration most?

3578: Why soda ash react with metal & de-sulphur the metal?
3579: 1) Have you ever done an experiment where you test the dissolve time of different pain relievers?
2) What are your learning credentials?
3) For my experiment, I am testing the dissolve time of: acetaminophen gel capsules, acetaminophen coated tablets, and non-coated tablets. What other types of pain relievers would you use for this experiment?
4) What is your prediction of conclusion for this experiment?

3580: At which phase of cell cycle does the mitochondrial DNA synthesis takes place?
3581: What is the main difference between a Newton meter and a spring balance?
3582: I am doing a science project about types of music on plants. I found your contact information on your website and I was wondering if you could answer some questions for me.
What types of music would be good/bad for a plant?
Are there specific plant I should use?
Lastly, how much music will affect the plant
Thanks for your time and help.

3583: Why are crystals important to science?
3584: What is the density of ethanol? And how many types of methods are there to disolve ethyl alcohol?
3585: How did the earth layers form, and how did the dinosaurs become extinct?
3586: What are the structures of a red blood cell? I have a project to make a model of the cell, and I wonder how I should design it. Thanks!
3587: Do different colored lights affect how images are seen or interpreted? Can colors show help people visualize images? Does sexuality cause people to like or dislike a color? What effect does environmental color have on someone's mood?
3588: How is gold dust formed?
3589: I'm doing my science fair project on black holes. I learned that inside a black hole there is a very strong gravitational pull. My hypothesis is that around the black hole there might be a spinning force (similar to tornadoes)as the galaxy rotates around it. This spinning force should draw objects toward the black hole. Am I on the right track? Do you have any suggestions about how to test my hypothesis?
3590: What are some malfunctions of red blood cells themselves?
3591: What is a black hole?
3592: I am doing a science project on which a bat hits a baseball farther, a bat made of wood or aluminum? Do you have any idea of how can I set up my experiment?
3593: Thank you for those answers. I do have another question. So since i'm doing 5 cakes using whole eggs and 5 cakes using egg whites. Would I compare the density of the whole egg cake with the density of the egg white cake and then from comparing both densities I would find which one is fluffier right?
3594:

According to question: click here please
So since i'm doing 5 cakes using whole eggs and 5 cakes using egg whites. Would I compare the density of the whole egg cake with the density of the egg white cake and then from comparing both densities I would find which one is fluffier right?


3595: My science project is "Does changing the frequency of a whistle affect a goldfish's reaction time? I have 5 questions to ask:
1)Does time of day affect a fish\'s attention span?
2) What is your education background and career choice?
3) Is their anyway I could make my fish listen better?
4) What is your prediction of my conclusion will the high or low frequency whistle make the fish have a faster reaction time?
5)Is their any advice you can give me for future application? (i know this very short notice and i totally understand if its not possible, but if possible could you email me the answers by January 20th) thank you so much

3596: My science project is about the conductivity of different metals (such as copper, aluminum, brass, etc.) Which of your topics relates to my question? What can you tell me about the conductivity of metals? How would you test this?
3597: Do older minds work differently than younger minds?
3598: Does everybody have the ability to see the same optical illusion?
3599: What is an optical illusion?
3600: Are there any physical differences in eyes that are looking at optical illusions and in eyes that are simply reading?
3601: Does it take longer for an older person to see a picture in an optical illusion than a younger person?
3602: Will a sled with two or more people on it go down a hill faster than a sled with one person on it? Assuming all of the people weigh the same, and the sleds are the same.
3603: Where does the heat go when a surface coated in multi-wall carbon nanotubes absorbes this heat? If we coated a pool cover in the multi-wall carbon nanotubes, would it be possible to channel the heat into a hot tub using copper wires?
3604: Are there any diseases borne in or more importantly on the skins of bananas which could adversely affect human health? What kinds of chemical agents are used in the fumigation of bananas to kill pests or "hitchikers" in transit from the growing fields to our homes?If bananas are treated with chemicals en route from the fields to our homes, can the chemicals 1) leech deep into the skins of the fruit and 2) can\'t they leech into the boxes the bananas are shipped in making the boxes unsafe for re-packing other food products in? Thanks.
3605: How do you make a chart or graph for a lava lamp? And where do you get data for the lava lamp?
3606: Do all living things grow?
3607: Why do zebras have stripes?
3608: How does the oceans current affect the climate of the east coast?
3609: What is the sincerity of using dinosaurs as a link between birds and reptile?
3610: Why do we have eyelashes? How fast do they grow back?
3611: What are the properties and characteristics of corn syrup?
3612: Do our toes have prints?
3613: Which color does absorb most heat in color pans?
3614: How is that 1 kg is equal to one Newton and how can I find it?
3615: How to identify the two differences between the properties of the material that has metallic bonds and the materials that have covalent bonds?
3616: What are the effects of burning Phos-check {fire retardant} sprayed on the wood in a wood burning stove in the home?
3617: Why a mass of 1 kilogram will have a different weight on the moon?
3618: Why is the body's muscular system different in male and female?
3619: For my science project I am testing to see the most efficient way to generate geothermal energy using a pinwheel and boiling water. The dependent variable is how many times the pinwheel spins in a full circle in a 20 second time span. How many variables do you think are necessary for a decent grade? Is one data table enough or should I have more? What type of graph should I use. Also, could you be sure to finish this before my project is due? The date is January 22, 2013. Thanks!
3620: I have samples from a stream bed that looks like could be copper or iron, ore pyrite or possibly crystallized gold vein. If I send pictures or samples, could you tell what all minerals are in them?
3621: How does weather affect the clothes we wear?
3622: Say, I was lost in the wilderness. All I could see was moss. I was really cold. Would I be able to use that moss as some type of blanket?
3623: Do bugs grow in moss of any kind?
3624: How long does it take to die from no oxygen?
3625: How did scientists discovered that the Earth is layered?
3626: What are the types of animals that reproduce asexually, and that also go through regeneration?
3627: How does the moon cause high tides?
3628: I am doing a project for the science fair and was wondering if your website had any facts about the affects of music on plant growth, because so far my results on the internet have been various. If you do not mind please help me. please!!!!!!!
3629: How many moons does Saturn have?
3630: Is air pressure really "caused" by the weight of air above a body, or is it due to the kinetic energy and of the air molecules at any particular point in the atmosphere?
3631: Do plants grow faster if they are outside or inside with fertilizer?
3632: How does music have affect on plant growth?
3633: Hi I was wondering if you could help me answer the following questions for my science project about how preferences bias our choices:\r\n1: can color preferences have biological origins?\r\n2: could preferences made by different stimulation of neurons in the visual cortex affect other brain functions like our behavior?\r\n3: if i tell the test subject that they need to pick out 20 m&ms as fast as possible do you think it would affect the colors they choose compared to if i just told them to pick whichever 20 m&ms they like (and not tell them to go fast)\r\n4: How is the visual part of you brain connected to the area that controls your hand coordination\r\n5: what other factors might affect the colors a person chooses out of a bowl of m&ms
3634:

What is air pressure and absolute pressure?
What is Gear direction?
Why car tire get flat in a busy road?
Why ships do not sink?
Why do flames fire go up?


3635: Which freezes faster, water or salt water?
3636: I am doing a school project on electricity. Any ideas?
3637: Why does the earth have layers? What is the difference between oceanic crust and continental crust? Which is heavier?
3638: Does excessive exercise lower your immunity levels?
3639: Why is the Earth's -inner core a solid and the outer core a liquid?
3640: What is the affect of music on plant growth?
3641: Why do brain cells not undergo Mitosis? If it is because they are missing certain mechanics to do so, would it be possible to insert these mechanics into a brain cell and induce mitosis? If successful do you think this could help with damage from concussions or even elongate human life?
3642: Which cells are bigger, from plant or from animal, and why?
3643: Are people born more flexible than others? If so, why is this? Is the cat the most flexible animal with vertebrae?
3644: How is the asthenosphere different from the lithosphere?
3645: WHEN WE STAND ON ONE FOOT ON WEIGHING MACHINE WE WEIGH MORE AS COMPARED TO STANDING ON BOTH FOOT.WHY?
3646: I'm doing a science project on mold and grew some on different breads. I was wondering if you could tell me what kinds of mold I might have grown. Some grew on an English muffin, french bread, and sourdough. It was all green, and some yellow on the English Muffin Bread loaf.
3647: How does a nuclear explosion happen?
3648: If you go faster than the speed of light will you go back in time?
3649: Why do we sneeze?
3650: How did weathering and erosion form Marvel cave?
3651: Why do cells require oxygen?
3652: How is that water molecules(liquid that comes from two gases, hydrogen and oxygen)can make a reaction with iron at high temperature, and then form rust? And how is that this rust can be recovered by using the same oxygen? Please explain. Thanks
3653: How is sound energy used in this world?
3654: Does the strength of a magnet affect its pull?
3655:

Hello, We had a very unusual reaction. An art student created a clay sculpture that was covered with pennies and fired in a kiln.

The newer zinc pennies reacted and formed long (4 to 6 inch) hollow spiral white tapered tubes, orange on the inside. Very odd looking. I could send photos. Have you heard of this? Why the tubes?


3656: Do plants actively grow toward moisture? Thanks
3657: Why do you weigh less on the moon than on earth?
3658: Which hormones are necessary for differentiation of white blood cells from hematopoietic stem cells in the red bone marrow?
3659: Why hydrogen have only one atomic number?
3660: Can we produce condensed water in a rigid small sphere,where H2 and O2 are present at very high pressure provided that some electric sparks are produced in the sphere by some mechanism? If I would break the sphere, would I find water in it?
3661: How long do I need to do a science project using plants under different color lights? My goal is to see if the different color lights effect their growth.
3662: Is there another way by which flowering plants attract animals? How does it help a plant to have an animal eat its fruit?
3663: Would it be possible to just inject salt into a cancer cell, so it stops making more cells and then just remove the tumor?
3664: What is the scientists view on euthanasia?
3665: Is nichrome used in electric heaters?
3666: What part of a motor transforms electricity into movement? It is not like you sap an RC car and it starts moving.
3667: Why does the ocean get bigger gravitational pull of the moon? Why low and high tides occur throughout a day?
3668: How do fish breath from their gills?
3669: Why do oranges and lemons have citric acid?
3670: Where do neuron cells come from?
3671: Why euglena is not considered either a plant or an animal?
3672: If an organisms muscle cells or nerve cells are damaged, what problems would there be? Which stages of cell division require energy? Which stages would require that new biomolecules and cellular structures be made?
3673: Does energy of color affect the growth of plants? Why? What range of color energy is best for the growth of young plants?
3674: Why are motorists told to check the pressure in car tyres while the tyres are cold - in other words, before they go on a long journey?
3675: How does a plant make its own seeds?
3676: What is the second stage of the krebs cycle where carbon dioxide is produced?
3677: When you put your finger over the nozzle of a syringe and try to push the plunger in, it is difficult to do this. Can you explain why?
3678: When you put your finger over the nozzle of a syringe and try to push the plunger in, it is difficult to do this. Can you explain to me, why?
3679: I just did the Rubber Bones experiment and successfully remove all calcium carbonate for the chicken bones. However, I added a step by then soaking the bones in Whole, 2%, and fat free milk, to see if the calcium in the different types of milk would help the bone harden back up. It didn't. They were actually softer afterwards. Can you tell me why?
3680: I want to know the electron, proton, valency, period, group and neutron of the first 50 chemical element.
3681: Do ice cubes melt better in boiling or cold water?
3682: What happens if I shine a torch directly at the wall?
3683: What are the effects of melting ice in the North/South Poles?
3684: How do plants use Photosynthesis?
3685: What is a good conductor of heat for pipes in the solar panel?
3686: How do pigments absorb and reflect different wave lengths of light?
3687: In real life force fields, is it possible to create a small pocket dimension where we can set temperature {low}, pressure{high}, so that H2O can be formed from H2 and O2 gases, within few minutes or reaction?
3688: Can we check salt water by using litmus paper?
3689: One of my teachers in Science says that the grasshopper's real adaptation is its hind and strong legs, and my other teacher says that the grasshopper's green coloring is its adaptation. Which do you think is the grasshopper's adaptation to protect itself from predators?
3690: Why does the moon have phases?
3691: Why are planets in the shape of a sphere?
3692: Why is it that when you build a sand castle without water it falls and when you include water it stays up?
3693: How are galaxies made? I know we live in the Milkey Way.
3694: Why are komodo dragons and tigers not enemies?
3695: What does the anteaters meat have that tastes bad for animals?
3696: How were Earth's layers formed?
3697: In string theory, do we live in a membrane or between membranes?
3698: Where do seeds come from?
3699: Why does it take venom to make anti venom?
3700: What term should be used to describe the metabolism of the Hafnia alvei of the Enterobacteriaceae family?
3701: Why does the ocean have salt?
3702: What is the most delicate animal?
3703: Why is it when you build a sand castle without water it falls and when you include water it stays up?
3704: Why is there no oxygen in space?
3705: Is there any chance of life up in space?
3706: Does changing the temperature of a balloon affect the circumference of the balloon?
3707: Why is Jupiter's red spot red and what keeps it from dying out?
3708: Why do we float in space?
3709: Why do animals have whiskers?
3710: Why do have to wear a helmet in space?
3711: Did Mars ever have life on it and was there water once?
3712: How do you know for sure that space never ends?
3713: Why can't we see other stars or their solar systems/and how far are we from the other solar systems?
3714: Is it true that fireworks have magnesium in them?
3715: Why do rattle snakes rattle there tail?
3716: How big is our heart?
3717: Why do we have to stay on Earth and never inside it?
3718: Does fresh water freeze faster than salt water and why?
3719: Why doesn't it snow in Santa Barbara?
3720: What is the most dangerous disease for human beings?
3721: What do toucans eat, and were do they live? Are toucans social?
3722: Why are there still crystals in the bottom of my Kool Aid?
3723: Hello there,
I am a masters graduate in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. I would be much grateful if you could lead me to an online dictionary in evolution expressions or even Biology, as I am developing lectures in the Origin of Life. Sophia

3724: If you took plane blood from a bird and injected it into a frog, then bred the frog with another frog, would you get a different species of animal?
3725: Why don't we have a large appendix?
3726: Does the volume of the music affect the plant's growth?
3727: Are farts germ carriers? I was thinking about it, and SOMETHING goes from one body into another. Is airborne disease not an issue because clothes are like masks?
3728: How (as in what biological mechanism) do bats know when to wake up after hibernating?
3729: I know that carbon dioxide freezes at a temperature of -57 degrees and forms dry ice, but in Antartica the temperature is -60 degrees . So, does dry ice forms there? If yes, then how and why?
3730: Have the planets ever lined up? If they have, what was the year?
3731: How do the animals that live at the bottom of the ocean make their own light?
3732: When was Pluto considered a dwarf planet?
3733: Is the sun the hottest star in the Universe?
3734: How long does it take for a baby animal to grow fur?
3735: How do snakes move on the ground?
3736: How are fireworks made?
3737: What is a nebula and is it the first part of the sun's life cycle?
3738: How do you grow a lily pad under the water?
3739: Do different colors of light affect the growth of plants?
3740: Why do dogs have wet noses?
3741: Why does Saturn have a ring that floats?
3742: Why does the earth have to spin?
3743: About how many stars are in space?
3744: Why is it that human females usually have dominant traits and human males usually have recessive traits?
3745: What are Saturn's rings made of?
3746: What god was Pluto named from?
3747: Why do animals have wet and pink noses?
3748: How many bones do we have?
3749: How does the moon control the oceans tides?
3750: What is your frame of reference for what to measure for elevation from on the moon? How does a compass perform in deep space? What does it point to? Best Regards. Also, you guys should watch adventure time. It is majestic.
3751: Sientists, I have a question for you. I am going to ask how do our TV works inside?
3752: How are galaxies made? I know we live in the Milky Way.
3753: How far in distanc is space form earth?
3754: How many colors can shrimps see?
3755: What is the biggest star that scientists know?
3756: How are abalone shells made?
3757: WHY BLACK COLOR PAPER GET WARM AND WHITE COLOR PAPER GET COOL WHEN EXPOSE TO SUN?
3758: When two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms combine, it creates water (H2O). Where does the second oxygen atom go?
3759: What is it meant by cell specialization?
3760: Which animal lives the longest?
3761: Does the moon out off heat?
3762: I've been searching for an eco-friendly Science project to do and I can't find one.. Any ideas?
3763: Why is it so little known about octopuses?
3764: What is oxygen?
3765: What color would your blood be if your skin was blue?
3766: If humans receive biochemical damage from solar radiation what can happen to them?
3767: What substance is made of 2 atoms of hydrogen and 2 atoms of oxygen?
3768: Do you believe that genetically modified crops may be a viable solution in areas of the world with challenging climates?
3769: Why do animals have whiskers?
3770: Why does water have no flavor?
3771: How long does it take a flower to grow?
3772: Why cannot we breath under water?
3773: How do rocks split to make a waterfall?
3774: How do all the planets seem to be floating and why they don't fall in to space?
3775: When someone stands in the eye of a hurricane does the person die?
3776: Why does earth have an equator?
3777: How do you make chocolate?
3778: Why doesn't the water from earth fall into space?
3779: Where do tornadoes come from?
3780: How does air resistance affect how far a rubber band can go?
3781: What is Gold used for?
3782: Why are humans on Earth? Are we population control to animals?
3783: What will happen if a human would go through a black hole, what would I see?
3784: How can students avoid getting shocked on plastic slides? What can we build?
3785: How did the Solar System started and when?
3786: How come our solar system does not go off to space?
3787: Why is Venus hotter than Mercury if Mercury is closer to the sun?
3788: What was the first living thing on earth?
3789: Do plants produce food when they have no oxygen?
3790: How will the type of rubber band ball affects the bounce height?
3791: If I dug a hole through the earth I would be digging down. What would happen after I passed the center. Would I be digging up? And how could I do it without burying myself somewhere between the center of the earth and the other side? (I understand that this is just a theoretical question)
3792: Why are most planets and stars spherical?
3793: What happens when u put a chicken bone in vinager?
3794: How does spin affect the trajectory of a kicked soccer ball?
3795: How many times do we blink a day?
3796: How small can a particle be?
3797: How are planets made?
3798: When was Earth made?
3799: I would like to know if the layers of the earth have changed over time?
3800: If the universe is expanding, how is that galaxies can collide?
3801: In water, why don't the hydrogen and oxygen separate?
3802: How does light affect plant growth?
3803: We are learning about flat points on time vs. temp graphs indicating phase transitions. While each transition takes place (ex: freezing) the temperature stays constant, then after it is done, the temperature continues dropping. Once something is solid (ex: iron,) does the temperature keep dropping indefinitely? Is there a phase "colder" than solid? Would there ever be any flat point phase transitions other than plasma- gas, gas - liquid, liquid - solid?
3804: If a smell is made of solid particles floating in the air, if you smell something, does that mean the object being smelled is losing volume and mass?
3805: Were do non photosynthetic plants get their energy from, and how do they do it?
3806: How do the clouds move?
3807: If air in a tire contracts when it is cold outside (according to your web site), why does a can of soda expand in the freezer? Thank you!
3808: What are different types of Newton meters used for?
3809: Is it possible for any life to exist on Saturn?
3810: Can a tree produce enough oxygen to keep a person alive?
3811: Can a plant stay alive without light?
3812: Does the sun grow or does it stay how it is right know?
3813: What is the purpose of the Whale nervous and response system?
3814: When you go to space, can you get out hydrogen from the sun? How do you get hydrogen on earth?
3815: How does the asteroid belt form?
3816: How do you make a light bulb light up with a battery, a negative and a positive wire, and what kind of battery would you use?
3817: Where did the planets get their names?
3818: Why is the sun so bright and hot?What instruments do scientists use to study the sun?How big can a solar flare get?
3819: What 3 main things does a plant need for photosynthesis to occur?
3820: Why is the sun so bright and hot?
3821: How does a galaxy form?
3822: If gravitational force is the result of an object with mass warping space time, is this force omni- directional as it directs its influence on the center of mass?
3823: When you put water on clothing, why does the color look strong?
3824: How earth is different from the other planets?
3825: Why is it important for the plant that the leaves change color and then fall off the tree during the fall?
3826: What things in a house are conductors?
3827: Are all ionic compounds salts, or vice versa, or is the relationship between the two categories different? If so, how?
3828: What kind of music helps a pant grow faster?
3829: Why do black objects absorb more heat (light) than lighter colored objects? What do wavelengths have to do with it?
3830: What is melanin?
3831: How do people help plants?
3832: How many people will have a marine biology job in the future?
3833: Why are trees and plants green in color?
3834: How can I check if I see red color for example the same ways as you would see it?
3835: What is "peak tornado season" in the Southern states?
3836: Has there ever been a human clone? What are your thoughts of cloning in the future? Okay? Not okay?
3837: Why do planets have different layers?
3838: Why is the temperature inside of a car hotter than the temperature outside on a sunny day?
3839: How would the human body be affected without the process of mitosis?
3840: How many different types of plants are there ?
3841: How is Mercury different from the other inner planets?
3842:

What is the chemical composition of the Iron Gallus Ink used by Leonardo in his codices.

He writes how to compose the ink in:


www.leonardodigitale.com Codice ARUNDEL 170r
and
Codice Forster III 39 r.
Many thanks.

3843: Why does saltwater heat faster than freshwater? Links would be appreciated.
3844:

What is the chemical composition of the Iron Gallus Ink used by Leonardo in his codices.

He writes how to compose the ink in: www.leonardodigitale.com Codice ARUNDEL 170r and Codice Forster III 39 r. Many thanks.

3845:

What is the chemical composition of the Iron Gallus Ink used by Leonardo in his codices.

He writes how to compose the ink in:
www.leonardodigitale.com
Codice ARUNDEL 170r
and
Codice Forster III 39 r.
Many thanks.

3846: How many stars are in the galaxy? Is it true that if you go into a black hole, you can still come out?
3847: Do smaller bones soaked in vinegar become bendy sooner?
3848: If a bus with passengers is moving an amount of CO2 released by the vehicle itself as well as by the passengers, is this amount of CO2 greater or smaller than the CO2 released only by the passengers if they were riding their bikes?
3849: Are there elements yet to be discovered?
3850: How advanced is the world in the development of artificial intelligence?
3851: How is silver made?
3852: How does the type of surface affect the amount of heat absorbed or radiated?
3853: How fast does the space rocket go, so it can get through our atmosphere?
3854: Does different color light change the color of a plants petals or the growth?
3855: Which colors absorb the most heat? Why is this? Does a bright color like yellow absorb a lot of heat?
3856: How do I prove geothermal energy? Is there a way I can turn a light bulb on using geothermal energy?
3857: Why does hot air rise?
3858: Why do mirrors reflect?
3859: Why can fire spread very quickly?
3860: Can mercury go through solid? How? Can also Mercury go through gas? How?
3861: I want to ask about the theory of the multiverse system. If the science community feels it exists, how ? If not, what could be the possible boundary of our known universe? and what is the relationship between a multiverse system and quantum mechanics, with emphasis on linear and 3D time frame, random events, etc?
3862: Geology says high mountain peaks are formed in subduction zones where a continental plate riding on an oceanic crust meets a similar plate. This is also as a result of the seafloor spreading that has to be compensated for, due the fact that the Earth has a unit Mass and Area. My question here is: why has the mountain range (especially Everest) not extended it's peak indefinitely, since a new seafloor is created at the mid oceanic Ridge? Thank you
3863: Before I start I just want to say thank you for this web site, I love it. I learned that plants need sunlight, why are there some plants which do not need sun light, and why?
3864: How would the shuttle cock change its position in air, if it were hit with a small force from a badminton bat?
3865: Does the amount or intensity of light affect a plant's phenotype?
3866: How fast or slow do coral reefs grow?
3867: How did minerals form in our earth?
3868: Can we survive on the sun?
3869: Who was the first person alive before the cave men were born?
3870: How did all the houses and streets looked before the dinosaurs came?
3871: What can form slowly at a convergent boundaries?
3872: Hello. First of all this is not a homework question but my personal science question. In a voltaic pile Zinc and Copper electrodes are immersed in salty water (NaCl,) and are electrically connected. Zinc ions lose electrons to copper and get into solution, as copper hydrogen gets reduced and bubbles up. Why hydrogen ions do not get electrons from the zinc electrode directly, but get them from copper? Please help me with this question, it has been long time and it troubles me.
3873: We know that the sun is not the biggest star, but is it the hottest star?-Thanks.
3874: Why do marshmallows expand in the microwave?
3875:

In reference to a previous question click hear to read

In this case we have the same closed, rotating hollow cone whose rotation at some tangential velocity w is perpendicular to the direction of gravity (so the tip of the cone is pointing down, and the cone rotates on a horizontal plane). The incline of the cone is 45 degrees, but I suppose it can be any angle x. The cone has a radius r.

Instead of containing several spheres, like my last question, this cone contains some fluid of known volume, density, and mass. As the cone begins to rotate, the fluid co-rotates with it, climbs up the incline and presses up against the top lid. Eventually the cone's tangential velocity is stabilized and the fluid exerts a constant force on the inside of the cone.

Knowing this information, how does the physics in calculating the x and y force components of the force that the fluid exerts on the inside of the cone change from the case of the rotating spheres? How can one calculate the x and y force components of the force that the fluid exerts on the incline and lid of the cone, respectively?


Thank you for your help!
3876: What is a chemical?
3877: If black color absorbs the most heat, then why is plant life mostly green?
3878:

1) In Ultramarin, Lapiz Lazuli, can there be traces found of Baryte(Barium)?

2) In smalt (ground blue glass), can there be traces found of Baryte(Barium)?

3) Why does the paint or color iron gallus ink fade after the years. Because of oxidation of the iron, which would make it brown?

Many thanks

3879: What does really mean to have 10 dimensions?
3880: How many cells do we have in our body?
3881: Why do we have more gravity in our earth than in the moon?
3882: Thank you very much for answering my previous questions. I want to know if science believes in the existence of God, that the universe was all created by him?
3883: What are phospholipids?
3884: Does magnesium oxide dissociates when it is heated?
3885: So, my students have been working with DC power supplies testing different types of circuits. While doing this we noticed something unusual while connecting two light bulbs in series. Yes, the current is lower than it would be for a single bulb and yes the bulbs are dimmer but they are not equally bright. In fact, one (the first one electrons are passing through) is probably four times as bright. This happened with every single class and every single apparatus. What's up?
3886: What happens to the charge when a spark jumps between two wires?
3887: Does music effect animal behavior?
3888: Why moon takes 28 days to revolve and rotate around the earth?
3889: What is color?
3890: Hello Sir, I am a post graduate student in the field of biotechnology from India, but there are some questions right from my schooling days that are still left unanswered for me. We were taught in the schools that Birds live in nest, spiders in their web but i really wonder do these birds and spiders really build there nests and webs for living or they are made for other purposes like Nests are build for laying eggs and bringing up there young ones and webs are build by the spiders for catching prey?
3891: How do venus flytraps and pitcher plants get their energy from the food once they have captured it?
3892: Which is the highest percentage of salt (salinity) in sea water?
3893: Do basketballs that are fully inflated bounce better than flatter ones?
3894: Which flower has the most peddles?
3895: Do elephants feel pain like humans?
3896: Why do elephants cry and get emotional and also why do poachers kill elephants when elephants did not even do anything to them, they are just trying to live a good life?
3897: Do elephants have feelings?
3898: Are elephants like humans?
3899: What is the largest piece of gold ever found?
3900: What do owls eat?
3901: What evidence and experiments show the core of the Earth to be made of iron and nickel?
3902: What makes a basketball to bounce higher?
3903: Why no photosynthesis takes place in blue color light, and why minimum photosynthesis takes place in green color light, and Why the rate of photosynthesis is maximum in red color light?
3904: How do we decide the polarity of a solenoid carrying current?
3905: Why does lightening occur in rainy times?
3906: What is meant by Morse Code?
3907: What are the uses of Electrolysis?
3908: What kinds of animals live in the Hadal zone?
3909: Can a plant move from one place to another?
3910: What are the benefits and harms of solar radiation and solar rays?
3911: Why does the earth have to spin?
3912: Why is the sun made up of plasma and nitrogen?
3913: Why is there more water than land on earth?
3914: Why there is no winter in Davao?
3915: Why do the stars orbit each other?
3916: What is a nucleus?
3917: Why do metals want to return to lower energy state? Does it make them more stable or something? If so, why do they want to be stable?
3918: What is the effect of tea on physiological process of gastrointestinal tract?
3919: Why is there no magnetism in the middle of a magnet? Are there no electrons in the middle of the magnet or do they cancel each other out somehow? Thank you!
3920: Hi, I am a parent at Laguna Road Elementary School. I have been reading online about Wi Fi radiation (EMF or high radio frequency) and the health risk in children. I am concern about it and heard that in France they are pursuing "wired" technology in their schools. Our school plans to implement iPads (wireless) next year for each child as part on the 21st Century Technology Initiative. Do you have or know of any research that can help me understand this further? What are the risks since the technology is fairly new? I know that the FTC's guidelines are outdated since their standards are based on the 1950's or something a long time ago. I have looked at EMF portal's website and found things but I think we need someone (ie. Physicist or person who works in the field) who is more knowledgeable to put things in perspective. I think of UV radiation and smoking when I think of WiFi radiation. I would not like to find out years later of the harmful effect. I would rather have it tested out to be safe then use it, if possible. There will be many children affected by this. Please help us understand better.Thank you for your time. Lily
3921: How can light be matter or not?
3922: Old-time kitchen lore suggests that things cook better (evenly and without burning) in heavy cast-iron pots. What desirable characteristics do such pots have?
3923: What irreversible processes occur in a gasoline engine? Why are they irreversible?
3924: How effective has science been to protect endangered animals?
3925: 1) How do scientists calculate and work out the density of the earth? 2) How do scientists know the different dimensions of the earth?
3926: Let's say you have a magnet levitating off a metallic surface. Classically, there is no work done so there is no change in the energy state of the magnet. We can expect the magnet to float forever. Quantum mechanically, the electrical repulsion is produced by the exchange of virtual photons. A naive picture of this imagines the virtual photons to be like bullets: the magnet stays aloft by shooting these photons like bullets off the surface. We can't expect the magnet to have an infinite supply of bullets. However, unless somehow the magnet never runs out of bullets,(which makes you wonder about energy conservation), the magnet would eventually settle to the ground. So, what is the correct take on this situation? Thank you.
3927: Why does a rainbow occur?
3928: Hello, Can you please help with the following project : I want to add 2 electric currents one from source 1 and the other from source 2 and get the total current .What type of device should I use to get the total currents from 2 differently current sources ?Thanks so much for help.
3929: Why does earth produce gravitational force?
3930: How do pandas look like?
3931: How did salt get into the ocean?
3932: How does salt accelerate the rate of corrosion? For example, for an Iron nail wrapped around using Zinc metal strips, how does different concentrations of NaCl (distilled water, 0.25M NaCl & 0.5M NaCl) affect the rate of corrosion? What is the in-depth chemistry behind the theory? Thanks
3933: Why does milk overflow when boiled ?
3934: H2 and O2 combines to give water.This reaction is spontaneous however it is not found to occur in nature, why?
3935: When mixing H2(two hygrogens)and an O(oxygen), scientifically would you get water?
3936: Is Pluto gas or rock?
3937: Is there any cell that has round shape?
3938: In our class we want to know how long does it take to digest a doughnut? It was asked if it was really 10 days?
3939: Thank you very much for opening this fantastic forum to benefit students from all over the world. My question is if the planet Earth emits heat from radioactive decay, I will also be right to say that it emits all the dangerous radiation as well. If so, why are humans more afraid of a nuclear explosion when we have been exposed to dosage and dosage of nuclear radiation naturally? And we seem to careless about it.
3940: What are the latest discoveries in the field of photosynthesis?
3941: How is ATP produced in a cell?
3942: In our Puget Sound Beaches unit we compared the life cycle of the barnacle and the crab. We would like to know which one molts more often. We found out that barnacles go from egg to nauplius, have 5 stages to get to the cyprid stage, then continue to molt inside their plates as adults. Crabs go from egg to zoea, then have 5 stages to get to be megalopes, then molt more to become juveniles, then adults (about 12 molts the first two years, then 1 time per year after about 3 years. We still don't really know the answer to our question. Which one molts more?
3943: Hello,Today in science we were learning about Darwin, evolution, and artificial/natural selection. I was wondering why there aren't sub-species of human like there are types of geese and breeds of dog.
3944: How are phobias triggered, do childhood experiences affect this, and how does the brain process this information so it becomes a phobia?
3945: What are the materials and the procedures for finding out whether ice melts faster in salt solution or in water?
3946: Can plants grow without photosynthesis?
3947: I understand that a quantum description of gravity would necessitate the transmission of gravity through a mediating particle, the graviton. This makes me wonder about black holes. A black hole would have to be emitting gravitons all the time. It seems to me that an isolated black hole -- even ignoring Hawking radiation -- would have to be losing energy just through the emission of gravitons and thus lose mass. Is this a correct extrapolation? Thank you.
3948: Where are the stoma located on hydrophytes, xerophytes and mesophytes, and why is it located there?
3949: What could we do to find out if seeds are alive or not?
3950: How are ocean tides formed under the influence of the moon and the sun, and the influence of the revolution of the earth?
3951: Some defenders of incandescent bulbs claim that the waste heat generated will lessen their heating bill. If 90% or 90w of an 100w incandescent bulb generates x amount of heat how much heat could a 90w Nichrome heater produce?
3952: What are the predators of a California freshwater shrimp?
3953: What is the source of alpha particles in the Rutherford Scattering experiment?
3954: If dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago and humans only came about .25 millions ago, our perception of dinosaurs and how they look (courtesy movies such as Jurassic Park) is just conjecture- albeit a brilliant one- is it not? We can't really know what they looked like, can we? Even the accuracy of our technology ca\'t ever be truly determined, can it?
3955: What effect does color have on heat?
3956: Is the pressure of H2 and O2 the same when electrolysis takes place?
3957: Do invertebrates change colors like the chameleon's do?
3958: If black absorbs the most heat, then why is most plant life green?
3959: When you study germs, what color are they?
3960: How does pandas help scientists?
3961: How do fraternal twins differ from identical twins?
3962: Which stars are cooler red or blue?
3963: Can humans live on Mars?
3964: Can the efficiency of a heat engine exceed that of the Carnot cycle?
3965: Hello my question for you guys is how this website came to be and how you help kids on their science fair projects and etc... like me! Have a nice day and get back to me soon!
3966: If light is non-special, then it has no volume or mass. But how can light exist in the third dimension without volume or mass?
3967: Can you explain to me how electric currents can produce magnetic effects, and how magnets can cause electric currents?
3968: Why light is not matter?
3969: If I am going to grow plants exposed to different types of light, which will be my independent variable, and which will be my dependent one?
3970: Who discovered electricity? It is super cool but I do not know who discovered it. Does the iPhone use electricity?
3971: How is milk produced in a female body?
3972: Why can we see colors? And why can we see light?
3973: How are seeds formed?
3974: How does weather and climate affect human activities?
3975: How the earth and other planets are circling around the sun, and why they are not going away from it?
3976: If the earth would not revolve the sun, but were only rotating its own axis. What will it happen?
3977: Could we make a mode of transportation from one country to another through the interior of earth, by using the gravitational force as it would be faster and fuel efficient?
3978: Do magnets affect electricity?
3979: In sedimentary environment we have depositional, erosional, and equilibrium environments. Using the principle of sequence stratigraphy, how does the MWD/LWD tool delineate whether it is a beach, lacustrine, marine, or swampy environment, by using the gamma ray signature, spontaneous potential, Neutron density and resistivity signatures? Thank you very much.
3980: Why did some ships and planes disappear in the Bermuda Triangle?
3981: How does a talkie-walkie work? What kid of circuits are inside those devices?
3982: What kind of chemicals makes cotton candy?
3983: Who found out that there were planets?
3984: How was space discovered?
3985: Why do planets have different colors?
3986: Does the color of light affect plant growth?
3987: Why is the sun hot?
3988: Is there hair on the bottom of our feet or on the palms of our hands?
3989: How does a rocket travel from Earth to the moon?
3990: Why science doesn't understand the language of magic?
3991: Is it true that a compass stops working in the Bermuda Triangle?
3992: What is the Gulf Stream?
3993:

Hi, I have a question related to an already posted topic:"Why is tungsten used for filaments in light bulbs when nichrome's resistivity is so much higher?

"http://scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.php?key=2548

I understood, after reading your answers, the importance of the high melting point of the material of the filament. In order to get visible electromagnetic waves (i.e. light), we need the material to be at a certain temperature and it is tungsten that can reach that temperature without melting. However I do\'t understand another thing. The power supply is given by a constant VOLTAGE supply, say 120 V (not constant current). Ohm's Law states V=I*R And Joule's effect states Q=I2R By combining these two equations, we get that Q=V2/R. Then, why we would want to have a material with a high resistivity? If V is fixed, then Q actually DECREASES with the higher R. The former equation, I2.R, might be confusing but the thing is that, as said before, I is not fixed, but V is.

So by increasing R, we are decreasing I and that's why I2.R will decrease. In conclusion, I understand that tungsten is a good material because of many of its properties, as the high melting point. But, why to increase the resistance of the filament by increasing its length and decreasing its cross-section since it seems to me that it should be the other way round? Were am I making the mistake? Sincerely

3994: What causes small animals to grow, while big animals tend to shrink? (over long periods of time) My teacher was talking about how for example spiders used to be bigger? But how can that be? Yes I learned some things about evolution and how over long periods of time things tend to change, but why shrink? Why grow?
3995: Why does the central US have the most tornadoes in the US? What are the causes? Thanks
3996: Why plants use only CO2 for photosynthesis, and why not any other gas with carbon atom?
3997: Why the tooth ache is increased at night time as compared to day time?
3998: Why fluoride is essential for tooth? Is any other member of Halogens family helpful in tooth health and protection?
3999:

I have found myself stuck trying to understand parts of AC generation so I am writing to you to ask if you or anyone you know could possible answer my question.I am finding it hard to understand each magnet poles magnetic effect of the electrons in the coil, how do the electrons decide which way to go inside the coil? So as a guess I would say :- in an alternator before the coil even spins, the magnets lines of force polarizes the two ends of the coil, leaving one end of the coil positively charged and the other negatively charged, then as the coil is spun 180 degrees, the electrons rush to the other side of the coil which switches the polarity.

Does voltage exist between the two terminals?

That potential difference in the generator is between the two sides of the coil, but how is this established? My understanding of potential difference tells me that for there to be a difference in potential there has to be un-even amount of electrons between two points, where one point possesses too many, and the other possessing too little, thus there is a potential difference between the two, in which the electrons will desire to travel from the higher potential to the lower potential point.

I'd really appreciate if you could clear this up for me in the most basic language possible.

Thanks so much in advance.

4000: How does a tree get turned into paper?
4001: What is the most dangerous storm?
4002: What kind of storms happen in winter?
4003: What is a storm?
4004: How did the elements came to existence?
4005: How dose the water get attracted to the moon?
4006: Why do animals need energy from the sun even if they get energy from the food they eat?
4007: What would it happen if all the water on Earth would get frozen and the only gas present on Earth would be hydrogen?
4008: Light has many sources. The greatest is the sun. Are scientists using other light from other stars to produce energy?
4009: What is the process that makes fruits and vegetables to grow?
4010: Why glass breaks while tried to bend whereas an iron rod bends?
4011: What chemical reactions happens in nail polishing?
4012: To which animals are pandas related?
4013: Who discovered lighting?
4014: Can I become a scientist after graduating from the area of Commerce?
4015: Is the effect of SHAPE of a floating body taken into account by the Archimedes principle?
4016: Why are black colors the best absorber of light/heat?
4017: Hello. I am going to be a sophomore in this upcoming school year. I am very interested in marine biology and want to take courses for it in college. Which courses should I take in my high school years to help me prepare for that? Do you have any suggestions? Thank you so much for your help!
4018: Can you tell me how bright is the sun?
4019: What makes a ball to stop when it is rolling?
4020: Which organisms have the ability to regenerate limbs, eyes, and internal structures?
4021: Are there any organisms which can regenerate their entire bodies from a central section, or from one limb?
4022: Why is it detrimental to the environment and humans when batteries are not disposed of in a responsible way?
4023: How does it work the test to discover the focal length of a pair of glasses?
4024: How is gold taken out of the ground?
4025: Why and how do planets rotate and revolute?
4026: What is the principle for measurement of Precipitation? How it is measured?
4027: How can brain get cancer, if nerve cells can't under go mitosis cell division, so how does it get cancer cells?
4028: What is the meaning of "biology"? We were taught that "bio" meant life, and "logy" meant "the study of". Have you been taught this also? Thank you for the courtesy of a reply.
4029: If I were able to construct a 3d LCD cube would it be possible to 1. deflect a laser. 2.If I had the right lenses would it be possible to construct a camera that would be like a fly eyes? Multi-image through a single device?
4030: How are weak nuclear and electromagnetic forces different?
4031: Why can one volcanic eruption produce more deadly gases than all the emissions of every car that has ever been used. And why is the average temperature of the earth getting colder?
4032: How long a whale can stay underneath water? How long they can stay on land?
4033: What type of frog multiples very fast like in 2 days that lives in Michigan?!?
4034: Why is there no snow on the ground near the edges of large lakes?
4035: I have tried to calculate the moon's gravity at 100,000 km distance from its surface by using the inverse square law, but I get confusing results. Please help me.
4036: What will happen to the landmasses after approximately 200 million years ?
4037: Does a rocket ship have to orbit the earth to get to the moon?
4038: Will black hole travel like other celestial bodies. Is there a chance of our earth and solar system being attracted by a Black hole.
4039: Hello, I'm working on a project where there's a non-conductive pipe with wires carrying electricity running through it. I'm attempting to connect this pipe to another pipe, like a cross (x), and I was thinking of using magnetism to connect them. Will magnets affect the electric current inside the non-conductive pipe?
4040: Hi,
I am an Iranian girl . I need your help . I study Cell and Molecular Biology and I want to write an article a bout Sponges Power restored. I need some resources and your input, but my English is not very good. Please help me.

4041: Hello, Is Kaluza Klein theory considered a legitimate theory unifying gravity and electromagnetism in a 5D spacetime? Have there been any credible experimental tests of the theory, and if so what did they conclude? Thank you for your help!
4042: Is fire a living or a non-living organism?
4043: How do scientists explore the crust of the Earth?
4044: Why whales cannot breathe in water?
4045: I would like to know how does it work the conductivity of electricity in metals and which are the units that scientists use in this process. I would also like to know the several ways for determining electrical conductivity of metals. Thank you.
4046: What would happen if there were an explosion and an implosion at the same time?
4047: Is there a living thing that does not move?
4048: Can you explain string theory for me? Thank you.
4049: What are the most influential factors of water tides?
4050: How do we know the distance that a star is from earth? How is it calculated? Also how do we know how hot stars are? And how do we know that there is plasma on them?
4051: How does a boat float if its heavy?
4052: My husband was bitten/stung by something - we think a spider of some sort, last May. The bite was painless. It started as mosquito bite size and went through the same progression/symptoms as a Hobo spider bite. I had the same thing happen 3 weeks ago and am still recovering from the "bite". Do we have Hobo spiders in Santa Barbara? We never saw what bit us, what could it be? I'm still recovering.Thank you.
4053: What is the minimum number of cells a living thing can have?
4054: Does an ant have the intelligence to go through a maze?
4055: How do we measure the radius of other planets? Thanks.
4056: Does the artificial light effect the pigment of the goldfish? If so, how long do you thing it will take to the goldfish to change color?
4057: I have a question in regards to the stars. How come do you see a lot of stars in India or in the U.S, while in the Middle East region, it is not as visible?
4058: How does moisture affect the rate of corrosion?
4059: Why do plants need water?
4060: How long does it take for ice cream to melt in room temperature?
4061: Because paper airplanes are small, would they fly faster? If not, why?
4062: How do sound waves travel?
4063: Why does carbon dioxide in a solid state sublime?
4064: On a molecular level, why does condensation form on the outside of a cold glass of water whereas bubbles form on the inside of a hot glass?
4065: Could any of the "gas giants" (or other planets) in our solar system ever become Sun's? Let's say the Sun burns out, if Earth has somehow been saved from certain demise, could a "gas giant" be ignited as if it were a spare lightbulb? If so, would our solar system change directions and start to rotate around that planet?
4066: Does an ant have the intelligence to go through a maze?
4067: Can you tell what kind of bones are the ones on the pictures below?
bone 1
bone 2
4068: I am trying to help my 19 year old in a Biology class. Could you help me and be specific in the differentiation of pollen, male pine cones, female pine cones, and seeds?
4069: How do acid rain works?
4070: If two boys were to come inside a woman, would the sperm make two babies or one with all parent's genes?
4071: Could tectonic plate movement create another super-continent?
4072: Why does gunpowder explode when lit?
4073: Does a basketball go higher or a volleyball?When you throw a basketball or a volleyball ball which one takes more distance?
4074: How dooes a caterpillar make a cocoon?
4075: Who first discovered the proton?
4076: Which gases are there on Mars?
4077: Hello.I am researching the role of the spleen in the immune system, particularly in response to peripheral cytopenia. Do you know what happens to the spleen if it experiences a sudden increase in abnormal erythrocytes? Does this cause any spleen pathology? And finally, what does loss of spleen function mean for the immune system? Thanks.
4078: Can water beat fire?
4079: Where does wind come from?
4080: How do Zebras get their strips?
4081: How can I know how many moles are in 4.0 grams of Hydrogen gas(H2)? And then how do I convert that into molecules and atoms of H?
4082: If paper airplanes are small will they fly faster?
4083: Would a shark be able to survive in the ocean without a dorsal fin?
4084: What is the difference between mimicry and camouflage?
4085: Why is a scientist important for the world?
4086: How slow does the earth spin?
4087: I have searched on multiple websites for the answers to these questions, but I can't find them. What do scientists say the density of the earth is? How do scientists actually measure the earth's density?
4088: Why do baking soda and vinegar react to each other?
4089: How does a hurricane form?
4090: Why does cut fruit turn brown when exposed to air ?
4091: Will you be rethinking the idea that elephants can cry due to their emotions? I hate the thought that so many think animals just can't be evolved enough to have emotions as do humans. I sometimes think that some are more evolved. They don't kill for the joy or hate of it as do humans.
4092: I want to know what electrode would I use a mile in the ocean for creating an arc weld? This answer will create my carrier with I graduate.
4093: Does petting a dog could affect a person's blood pressure?
4094: How much harder an aluminum bat would hit a ball compared to a wooden bat?
4095: What is the organelle that is found in the nerve cell and does not replicate?
4096: How many types of living things are are in the oceans, rivers, and tide pools?
4097: Why do we use inner mute to mute a seismic trace, and why do we mute using incidence angle?
4098: Why does the Earth have grass?
4099: Is the core of the Earth solid?
4100: How does nuclear fusion fuels our sun?
4101: How does a mitochondria in a cell get energy from food, water, protein, etc?
4102: What are your lungs made of?
4103: How thick is an eggshell?
4104: Do all atoms have the same number of protons?
4105: Why do we need cells to live?
4106: Does gravity prevent Earth from flying away from the Sun OR flying into the Sun? Please explain answer. Thank you.
4107: Do animals breath out carbon dioxide?
4108: How do you know a cell is alive or not?
4109: Why is there usually at least one hurricane a year?
4110: Why is it that water is less dense in solid form than in liquid form?
4111: If the bedrock of the oceanic plates is basalt and the bedrock of the continental plates is granite...how is the other bedrock formed. Ex. Connecticut bedrock map has lots of different rock types not only granite. Thank you, my students are bound to ask this. I know I'm not from your state but I love this concept.
4112: How does the earth movement around the sun affect the stars patterns we seen in the sky?
4113: What is a nutrient or anything that comes from outside of the cell membrane, which does it go to the nucleus (even if it ends up like a waste)?
4114: I am from Texas and I'm doing a project over the pros of desalination for school. I was wondering if you could give me any insight to the advantages of desalination and is desalination going to be used a lot more in the USA. What are the cost and resources? In your opinion, will desalination be are main source of fresh water in 20-30 years. Any information is greatly appreciate.
4115: I am from Texas and I'm doing a project over the pros of desalination for school. I was wondering if you could give me any insight to the advantages of desalination and is desalination going to be used a lot more in the USA. What are the cost and resources? In your opinion, will desalination be are main source of fresh water in 20-30 years. Any information is greatly appreciate.
4116: Does the solar systems form in the center?
4117: Is it true that the earth's core is made of metals iron and nickel, and that the earth's crust is made of mostly the elements of silicon and oxygen? Why?
4118: Do plants survive in other liquids than water?
4119: Is there a metal which on conducting a small amount of electricity becomes a magnet?
4120: How come you don't see everything blue if your eyes are blue?
4121: Why would any type of whale would have a food shortage? Would it be because their food also migrate to different locations as well?
4122: What makes skies blue?
4123: What makes wind?
4124: Do different types of water affect plant growth?
4125: If one cone with a diameter of 10 cm and one of 20cm both fall from 2 meters, why will the 20cm one fall slower (focusing on air resistance and surface area)?
4126: How did the earth layers form?
4127: In which ways salt goes into the oceans?
4128: Will watery media like coffee, milk or soda allow a plant to grow and thrive as well as plain water would?
4129: How much BPA is released when plastic degrades. Can you please help me out?
4130: How fast the stream train travels?
4131: Are humans responsible for global warming? How much co2 does a volcano emit?
4132: How much salt water is in the ocean, and how much fresh water is there?
4133: Are mermaids real?
4134: How and why do hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water?
4135: What is the thickness of different eggs?
4136: Do people have better visual or auditory memory?
4137: Why do plants grow more in the summer than winter?
4138: How bad can acetone nail polish remover affect your body, and what will it do?
4139: How "Avogadro constant" was invented and how scientists calculated it for the first time?
4140: How is it possible to breathe in zero gravity?
4141: Which is the hottest desert in the world?
4142: Scientifically, what happens to a person when she/he dies, where does she/he go?
4143: How do particles in a fluid exert pressure on a container?
4144: What causes a spark? Has it something to do with the event when a positive and a negative charge meet?
4145: What pops faster, cold water or hot water?
4146: How does soil temperature affect root growth?
4147:

Dear UCSB Researchers, I am an 8th grade student hoping to research methods of resisting bordetella pertussis disease. I was thinking that if there was a vaccine that would increase the growth of cilia on our ciliated epithelial cells in our respiratory system, then we would be more protected from whooping cough. Would you think this could be a good hypothesis? "If our epithelial cells in our respiratory system produce continuous amounts of cilia, then our bodies will be more protected from bordetella pertussis." I see two possible questions to study:

1. Is there a chemical that can grow more cilia on lung cells?

Or

2. What can I use as a safe substitute that is just like bordetella pertussis?

I think that pertussis is too dangerous to use as a bacterium, so what would you recommend as a substitute? Also, how could I grow these cells at my home without a lab? Is there a way I can grow more cilia on cells? How could I actually measure how many cilia are present (would I take a picture and count)? Thank you! From an 8th grade scientist.


4148: Is the amount of rainfall in an area correlated to the amount of litter in local creeks and streams? How? Is there a small or large correlation?
4149: We did an experiment in class with colored water and celery. The celery was cut all the same length but they were different parts of the stem and some sucked the color faster than others. Why?
4150: My science fair project is Does the temperature of the ocean water affect how much Bisphenol A is found in the ocean water? I was wondering how do you measure Bisphenol A in the ocean water? Do I have to use a chemical or a machine?
4151: How do I measure Happiness indirectly and reliably, using a survey?
4152: How often do astronauts die out in space? And if they do what causes them to die? And how long can you live in space and your body is still fully functional?
4153: Why is oxygenated water important to plants, and if it is necessary then, what function does it perform in the plant?
4154: Hi,
I was reading an article on NASA website, talking about the earth speed slowing down; hence days are getting shorter
here is the article

My understanding /conclusion is that eventually and according to laws of Physics, Earth at some point will stop spinning for a moment in time, and then start spinning clockwise instead of counter-clockwise. Is this possible? Thank you.


4155: What protects lysosomes from their digestible enzymes?
4156: How did dolphins evolve from dogs that lived by the ocean?
4157: Why is that when cells from a multicellular organism falls off it dies? When I look at unicellular and multicellular cells they look some what alike.
4158: Hi,
At school we are trying to figure out why do bubbles happen when the water boil? If you could email us back and tell us what happens, that would be awesome. Thanks!

4159: At Ancient times, man used to rub stones together and produce fire through spark. How was spark produced? Was it Triboluminescence? Or Was it just due to positive and negative charge meeting?
4160: What is the difference between a spark and Triboluminescence?
4161: Will a human body explode in space if sent without helmet in space? According to me, internal pressure will be very high and there will be nothing to balance it so it must explode. If no, then why?
4162: How do animals help plants?
4163: What minerals are in the myrtle beach sand?
4164: Why do we use nuclear energy?
4165: What is the softest metal?
4166: According to the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle, I can not know the position and momentum (energy) of an electron at the same time. This appears to be the result of the wave-particle duality of the electron. My question is: if I measure the electron\'s position, collapsing its wave function, even though I will not know the momentum (energy) of the electron, will it still behave the exact same as a system? Or will the collapse of the wave function potentially increase, or decrease, the total amount of energy available within the system for the duration of the measurement?
4167: Does the cycles of the moon affect water evaporation?
4168: Does a relationship exist between a person's eye color and his/her ability to identify colors in dim light?
4169: Does holding a mirror in front of a fish change what it does?
4170: Why do we use nuclear energy? What are some constructive examples of nuclear energy? What are destructive properties of nuclear energy?
4171: How far away is Earth from Saturn?
4172: What do Meerkats need to survive?
4173: How do people with 4 cones in their eyes see color differently than most people who have three cones? Why do they see so many more colors? How do cones work?
4174: Why does Jupiter have a red spot?
4175:

I read an article attempting to explain why viruses attack cells. The argument mentioned by the author hinges around the idea that a virus is genetically programmed to attack cells. We already know that. What is missing is how this viral genetic code was written in the first place. This is not a philosophical question!

The point is as follows: evolution is an ongoing biological process and different life forms are different form one another. Having said that, it is not clear how the genetic make-up of a virus can be designed in order to successfully attack cells. Consider the differences between a bacteriophage and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Clearly, they have different structural properties that allow them to successfully invade the corresponding targets. Why? How did it happen? What are the fundamental mechanisms underlying viruses, i.e., design and build a virus that will be able to infect the following cell? Scientific answers are required to tackle these hard questions.


4176: My Question is: How much oxygen will land based microorganisms convert in a Mars like atmosphere? I need help getting the tools for this experiment. Is there somebody who could help me?
4177: Why does Mitochondria provide energy for the cell?
4178: I am doing a science fair project over the amounts of BPA found in soda. I was wonder if it is possible to test BPA in soda and how do I measure this? Do I need to use a machine to calculate this and where would I get access to one?
4179: Why is the sand on India's beaches yellow, orange, and pink? Is it because the sand was in the sun for too long? Or was it just like that? Thanks!!!
4180: If you got cut out in space, what color would your blood bleed out as?
4181: How do animals help the environment?
4182: How the owl camouflage to survive?
4183: How does centrifugal force work?
4184: How does magnetism work?
4185: How can we locate earthquakes?
4186:

I 'm aware when plants are not in the light they respire just as we do. I also know the products of photosynthesis are sugar and oxygen. My questions are:
How do plants get energy when they are in the light if photosynthesis produces no ATP? Do plants always have to respire with the sugar produced from photosynthesis? Or is there some energy made from photosynthesis and if so in what form?


4187: Do twins have the same DNA?
4188: What are enzymes and how are they important to living things?
4189: What happens after people die?
4190: If a submarine was traveling underwater when a tsunami hit, would that submarine be effected in any way? If so, what can happen?
4191: How long would it take to reach the solar system from earth?
4192: Why are there moon phases?
4193: What evidence supported Wegener's theory of continental drift?
4194: Batrachotoxins, or frog toxins that are found in the genus phyllobates of poison dart frogs, have been identified in the diet of the frogs rather than being self-synthesized. I was wondering since the discovery that beetles from the family merylidae were known to contain the batrachotoxin ingredients, how did the beetles obtain the necessary parts for batrachotoxin synthesis, since these beetles cannot make the toxin themselves? Has a plant source been identified that makes the alkaloids for beetles to consume, and if so, how do plants make batrachotoxin in the first place? Thank you.
4195: How do leopards get their spots?
4196: Can you help me with Science projects ideas?
4197: I know that plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. But do all plants need oxygen? What if all the plants where gone what will happen to the presence of the humans? Will we all die slowly? What will happen to the animals?
4198: What is Buoyancy?
4199: I have a question on my big campus (San Diego campus)that says "there is something in the leaves that uses this energy to break apart the hydrogen and oxygen atoms. "This energy" relating to light energy. Can someone help me to know what is the "something"?
4200: Why do green pigments reflect green light?
4201: How is it possible that the continents will come back together even the tectonic plates are together? I have heard of divergent boundaries in the ocean and on land, and subduction, and even how mountains are formed, so how does it work?
4202: How old is Earth?
4203: What is embryonic development?
4204: What is tin foil made out of?
4205: Why does green not absorb red, but red absorbs green?
4206: Aurora Borealis are only formed in Northern/Southern latitudes, why is that? And what will happen if we, places near the equator, which is a bit lower, see those?
4207: What happens to trees and plants when they lose their leaves?
4208: How can I get electricity started with just a battery, two wires, and a light bulb?
4209: Are stars hot or cold?
4210: What are the long and short term effects of a volcano blast?
4211: Why is inner core in Earth solid though it has a higher temperature than the liquid outer core?
4212: What is the difference between chlorophyll A and B?
4213: How do geologist estimate the thickness and temperature of the layers of the earth?
4214: Why are colors the color that they are?
4215: I was told that slaves found their way North by looking for moss on the North side of trees. If this is true, and how does it work with the moss and the North of the trees?
4216: In a sealed terrarium, how does the CO2 and O2 recycling process take place?
4217: Does Pluto have an atmosphere?
4218: Why is the inner core of the Earth so hot?
4219: Does the color of your eyes change how you see colors in dim lighting? And how does it work?
4220: Does adding food coloring affect a plant's growth?
4221: Why do protons have a positive charge, neutrons have a neutral charge, and electrons have a negative charge?
4222: How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration are similar?
4223: If we were to discover a living dinosaur could we use it as a template to clone more, and to fill in the gaps in the DNA?
4224: Do any of the UCSB scientists believe in creation instead of evolution?
4225: How would an ecosystem comprising of grass land be effected if all carnivores were removed?
4226: How does different surfaces affect the preservation of finger prints?
4227: Is there time travel in space?
4228: I want to become a scientist but I keep getting an F in Physics. However I am good in Biology, Chemistry and other Science subjects, I do not know what to do. Can you help me?
4229: I am doing my science fair project and I am getting very different results. I am doing an experiment on how different color lights affect plant growth. According to lots of research, the plants under the red and blue lights should be growing the tallest, but my results are turning out that the plant under the green light is growing the tallest (I have done it twice). Can I please get some help in this?
4230: If the plates were to collide into a super continent, would the mountains that are already at the plate boundaries grow?
4231: What would you need to survive on Venus?
4232: How long are pandas supposed to live?
4233: How people can drink ocean water, but animals like fish can not; and how can fish breath ocean water and drinking it is not healthy for those animals which live in bad ocean waters? PLEASE WRITE BACK, thank you, love.
4234: Can you tell time without a clock or watch?
4235: The ice on the North and South Pole appears to be melting, and this appears to be from burning fossil fuels. nComparing continuing to burn fossil fuels with suddenly switching to solar roofs and bicycling and walking and not flying in airplanes, what would be the difference in future world temperatures, and how would this affect world food supplies?
4236:

I have some questions for my Science project:

1. What are the basics in mice vision? Color? Range?
2. What is the average life cycle of a domesticated mouse?
3. How many mice are born in one litter?
4. What are the basic care instructions for mice new born?
5. What do mice eat in the wild vs. what we feed them as pets?
Thank you so much for your time!


4237: We were looking at the composition of elements in the universe and saw that it is 75% Hydrogen, 23% Helium, 1% Oxygen, and 1% everything else. Why is there so much Oxygen in the universe compared to the other elements?
4238: How far is the very first satellite launched into space?
4239: What solids go through sublimation?
4240: I am interested in Physics, Math, and Chemistry. I would like to become a Scientist, but I am equally interested in machines and computers. So, is there a course and a job in which both, pure Science and applied Science are included?
4241: Where do plants grow bigger, in soil or in water?
4242: If the moon draws the ocean towards it and causes high tides, why is there a low tide when I can see the moon overhead?
4243: What factors affect great white migration patterns? Does it have to do with following their food or is it the weather?
4244: How does climate change affect mountains over time?
4245: Do Unicorns and Pegasus exist?
4246: Imagine two astronauts on a rotating space station. The station is rotating about its axis at some rate R clockwise as seen from the perspective of an outside observer (or an observer at the axis). On the station there are two astronauts. One is standing in place and rotating clockwise at the same rate R as the station from the perspective of the outside observer. He experiences some centrifugal force F away from the axis of rotation. The second astronaut, doing some exercise, is running counter-clockwise, at the same rate the station is rotating in the clockwise direction (lets call his rate -R). As seen from the perspective of the outside observer, it seems like the astronaut is jogging in place. Question: Does the second astronaut, rotating at the same rate as the space station but in the opposite direction, still experience the centrifugal force caused by the rotation of the space station?
4247: How many galaxies are there in the Universe?
4248: How do microwaves work?
4249: How is magnetization measured? Is the Earth slowly losing its magnetization due to its composition, the heat of the sun, or both?
4250: How did the moon form and what is our evidence of it?
4251: Does aluminum foil help ice melt faster with direct sunlight?
4252: How much space does the nuclear waste from a power plant take up?
4253: Why is the atmosphere of Venus more friendly to plants than humans?
4254: Can the following be dinosaur skin?
picture 1
picture 2
picture 3
4255: What would happen if there were no trees in the world?
4256: How do stain removers work? (1)
4257: How does a sneak put venom in your body?
4258: I'm a senior & I have decided for awhile that I would like to be a zoologist especially because wildlife animals have always seem to interest me. My mother believes I will make it nowhere & that it will be dead end. Please give me some guidance in some things that I could do to insure that this wouldn't happen.
4259: Are gorillas our (Humans) Ancestors?
4260: After we add water to disposable diapers and the polymer absorbs water, what can we do with the gel to extend the discovery/experiment? Can the gel be used as a reactant to produce another product?
4261: Sir, I want to become a scientist in the field of Physics. So, in order to do that, what should I do? Which kind of college should I join? What kind of exams should I take? Please help me.
4262: How were sound waves used to figure out the Geology of the Earth?
4263: How does speed and motion affect the rocket balloon experiment?
4264: Was IRIDIUM ever found as a residue in ALABASTER or AGATE or CALCIUM from VOLTERRA, ITALY?
4265: Why should the ice melt faster in gas, but actually it melts faster in liquid?
4266: What does it take to be a scientist?
4267:

In the beginning of this experiment, I hypothesized that Classical music would lower the heart rate and blood pressure by releasing greater amounts of Serotonin into the bloodstream. I also hypothesized that Rap, or any high-temped music, raises norepinephrine levels.

My studies have shown that this is true, but not in every case. 50% of my subjects’ blood pressure rose while listening to rap, but the other half did not, instead staying neutral e or even lowering. 75% of the subjects’ blood pressure decreased with Classical music, but the effects were not as drastic. 50% of the subjects enjoyed rap, which is probably the cause of the lowered blood pressure. 50% enjoyed classical music, or knew the song, which is why their blood pressure lowered. The heart rates of all the subjects made no pattern during this experiment, except after the classical music was played. In conclusion to my experiment, I realized that whichever genre of music you enjoy lowers the blood pressure, not due to the rhythm.

Can you relate to my conclusion? Do you think it is accurate? Thank you so much!


4268: How are sound waves used to figure out the geology of the earth?
4269: Hi there,
I have been interested in being a scientist for a while now. I was wondering if you could help me with this. I mean to become a scientist, I now this sounds weird, Evan knows I have just read some things about "how to become a scientist" but if you can add me on skype and you could help me.
Thanks anyway.

4270: Why is purple the best light bulb color to grow plants?
4271: What is the difference between a "Biome" and an ecosystem and why are there different numbers of Biomes?
4272: How it is possible that for every substance the Avogadro number is constant? I mean, how is it possible that 1 mole of Hydrogen molecule and 1 mole of Oxygen molecule have the same number? Please explain to me.
4273: If someone were to continuously float in one spot, would the earth move under them or would they move with the earth?
4274: How can I become a scientist?
4275: Does acrylic fabric have good thermal diffusivity?
4276: What is the approximated distance that the earth is approaching the sun each day, week, month, year or other method of measurement used scientifically?
4277: What exactly is heat?
4278: Why is global warming so confusing?
4279: Hi again, we are studying light energy and my question is why light does not shine through aluminum?
4280: How well can scientists predict earthquakes? What are some of the different ways to make these predictions?
4281: In the future, could people go in a machine into a volcano and go all of the way down to the mantle?
4282:

Hi sorry to bother you, I am contacting you after reading this article on your site:

click here

I was hoping that you would able to answer a few quick questions I have about a project I am thinking about doing for the BT young scientist.

1) Do different spectra of light effect the growth of plants differently? (Ignoring green)

2) Do specific combinations of light i.e. red, yellow and blue of an equal intensity to solar light effect plants' growth?

3)Does the effectiveness of the light on photosynthesis vary throughout the day? If so do different spectra affect this?

The above questions are to aid in setting a baseline for experiments, as I haven't been able to find any definitive proof online.

Thank you for your time,
4283: Who named the layers of the earth?
4284: How old is the oldest water on earth?
4285: Why is air pressure in outer space less than on earth?
4286: How long does it take for snails to have babies?
4287: Does the amount of water change the color of the grass?
4288: How can I compare between tensile strength of cotton, silk and nylon fibers?
4289: How does Transpiration work?
4290: If someone's body gets a DNA mutation, what could be symptoms that happen to them or the cell?
4291: Why does the appendix cause illnesses?
4292: What's the difference between bacteria and virus?
4293: What does each dark, long line on the spring scale represent? And what do the lighter smaller lines on a spring scale represent?
4294: How does gold get its color?
4295: What exactly happens during meiosis?
4296: What is the difference between a black hole and a worm hole?
4297: What keeps the earth in orbit?
4298: Why are there no snakes in Hawaii?
4299: What kind of plants take up a lot of water?
4300: I understand how gravity is the curvature of spacetime, but what quality of spacetime allows it to move back to exactly how it was before a body of some mass influenced it? What balance keeps spacetime constantly "smooth"?
4301: How does hand sanitizer kill germs?
4302: I performed an experiment using colors to transfer heat form a light bulb to water. Red heated the water the most and purple the least in the experiment, even though purple should have the highest frequency/energy. Why may that be?
4303: In the future, how do you think we will "protect" ourselves from global warming?
4304: Can babies in two different sacs be born at different times?
4305: What happens (the physics behind) when a balloon filled with hydrogen gas floats?
4306: How many solar systems are in the milky way galaxy?
4307: Why do scientists believe that the earth developed in layers?
4308: What color is blood without oxygen in our body?
4309: Which layer of the Earth is the most dense?
4310: How much salt do we need in water to make an egg float?
4311: Why do rubber bands stretch?
4312: What is the scientific name for kneecap and fingers?
4313: Which are the smallest green plants? What is their size? Are they easily grown?
4314: Is Pluto a gas or solid planet?
4315: I want to construct a building with walls that have the ability to magnify its surroundings by at least 5x its size (20 diopter). Estimated wall sizes: 10ft. (h) x 42ft. (w) How big would the curvature need to be? 2. Which lens/material would work? 3. Could water be of any help? Like having to curved walls serve as a container for water. Thank You for you time. Sincerely,
4316: How will the next Pangaea look like?
4317: Why does hot water make steam but cold water does not?
4318: A few of my classmates and I are preparing a demonstration lab for our college chemistry class. We want to do the “carbon snake” where nitro aniline and sulfuric acid is heated to 392 degrees Fahrenheit but we can’t find how to properly dispose of the tower that is formed. We know that the gases formed can go out the fume hood but don’t know about the remains. Our teacher won’t let use preform the experiment unless we get answers. Thanks
4319:

Much of science fascinates me and I find that the more I learn, the better I understand the world around us. One of my main interests was herpetology and having observed different lizards in the wild as well as consulting various knowledgeable people in the field it has in fact brought me to ask a few questions about humans and why we do what we do. I am currently studying psychology. With slight variations within a species having created a sub-species it begged the question about humans and namely racial variations. On researching it on the internet it brought me to your website and namely this one:

click here

Does this imply that there are indeed sub-species of Homo sapiens? If so; what are they? Are there any scholarly articles about this subject?

If you could point me in the right direction, I would appreciate it.

Kind regards,
4320: I recently read the Planiverse. Would a 2D dimensional universe be possible? And would there be any way for us to see/visit it?
4321: I understand that Euglena's have chlorophyll and chloroplasts, but how EXACTLY are they able to photosynthesize and be an animal at the same time? And, if they evolved would they most likely lose the plant part, animal part, or keep both and become the first intelligent animal/plant creature?
4322: What is cement made of?
4323: What is the difference between the lasers used in supermarket scanners and those used in laser pens?
4324: Why do we need nuclear energy?
4325: Compared to several decades ago, do you think the Internet has changed people's lives?
4326: According to Stephen Hawking, the laws of Physics allow the Big Bang to happen, because the random motion of subatomic particles generated energy to create an explosion. How exactly did these subatomic particles appear. If the Big Bang was caused by the random motion of such small particles, then what created such subatomic particles in the first place, and what came before them. Also, how exactly did the Big Bang generate forces like gravity to come about in the universe?
4327: Is there any real life on Mars?
4328: What are planets made of?
4329: If we know of sun based systems throughout space, is it possible to have a system based on massive planets or other bodies (excluding black holes,) or would the mass be too great that it collapses in on itself?
4330: If the rest of the universe had earth's gravity, would we be floating? And if so, how high would we float?
4331: Can insects spread plant seeds?
4332: Is a seed living or non-living?
4333: How does the Earth heat up?
4334: Is there more than one universe?
4335: How do different temperature of water affect the size and color of fabric?
4336: If water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen, two gasses, then how is it a liquid?
4337: How did cats become their size?(How and where do they come from)?
4338: Is the world ever going to end?
4339: Why do people think that we evolved from monkeys?
4340: DPA was recently removed from sandwich bags. Why? Did they do something to the food inside?
4341: How does a compass work?
4342: Hope you are fine, I am confused about the nature of life, the main point is that if the first organism on earth is Bacteria, then where the organism (Bacteria) came from? How did it come to exist on earth?
Please help me. Thanks,

4343: Why do cold objects emit vapor as hot objects do?
4344: How do fault-block mountains form?
4345: Why is there nuclear force? What is the physics behind it? I read somewhere this is due to the repulsion between protons.
4346: I want to be a Marine Vet Tech, is it the same schooling as becoming a vet tech or are there colleges and programs that focus on marine animals? I've looked at colleges with vet tech programs, but marine vet tech is hard to find when researching online. Should I take regular vet tech classes, then find a course that focuses on marine animals? I have seen that most vet tech programs have a (1) class that deals in marine/exotic/large animals, is that enough the be a marine vet tech? What should I look at to study for what I want to do?
4347: I'm really confused... when I was born I had black eyes. After a few months they started to turn in chocolate brown. As time passed by they turned in clear blue color. And now that I am 14 they're changing again but this time into green. I just want to know what is happening to me. I'll appreciate so much if you guys would give me an answer. Thank you.
4348: Why does the far side of the moon never face Earth?
4349: Can water float on water?
4350: How do crystals get their shape?
4351: Hi, I am a freshman in high-school and I was wondering if magnets can cause any long term affects like cancer or some other type of disease. I would like to hear back. Thank you for your time.
4352: Why is sound so important?
4353: I want to do my carrier in astronomy, please give me guidance for it.
4354: What is the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere?
4355: Does venom save lives?
4356: Where have humans explored in space, and what are the details to what they have found? Thank you very much!
4357: Does blue color absorb heat?
4358: What makes the soda cool faster?
4359: What are Canadian Lynx migration habits?
4360: I want to be a scientist, but Maths is hard for me. Is there any science not using complex Maths like Algebra and Geometry?
4361: How does squid shoot the black ink out of it?
4362: Why is salamander's skin poisonous?
4363: When do sea anemone reproduce? How often do sea anemone reproduce?
4364: How do baby whales get born?
4365: Hi! My AP Environmental Science class is in the midst of learning about renewable & nonrenewable resources. We are also talking about oil drilling in Santa Barbara County.We are wondering what the main difference is between fracking and cyclic steaming. What are the pros and cons involved with each and what types of drilling is best for our environment.We look forward to hearing from you. We are hoping to get some different perspectives on this--like from geologists, biologists, chemists & environmentalists. Thanks! Laura :)
4366: Where does the water in our oceans come from?
4367: How much water does a paper towel like Bounty brand absorb?
4368: Outside, my mother and I were watching the blood moon of April 15, 2014. The moon is (looks) like it is behind a tree. When it came from behind the clouds, it looked like it lifted. How is this? Is it true? How often is it? Why?
4369: How do dogs find their way back when they get lost hundreds of miles from home?
4370: What did T Rex eat?
4371: How are there tentacles so sticky, like the squid's?
4372: Do birds urinate?
4373: What is the difference between a swamp, marsh, bog, and fen?
4374: What causes change in geological trenches?
4375:

Do chromosomes make up DNA or contain DNA? If it does contain DNA, how does 46 chromosomes make up the 220 different somatic cells with different functions?
46 =/= 220, because doesn't each different somatic cell have different DNA(double helix)?
How does this work?


4376: Can you engineer viruses that attack harmful bacteria in the same way that HIV attacks T Cells?
4377: Do Scientist have a good life and rich?
4378: If you let your air out in space will there be a pocket of air in space?
4379: Is mount Everest experiencing uplift and erosion or just erosion?
4380: If a comet passes too close to Earth, what might happen?
4381: What is the role of heat in a chemical reaction?
4382: Why should a chemical equation be balanced?
4383: In the late 1960 early 1970's in the United States I was taught that there were 6 continents, combining Asia and Europe to make Euroasia. My students think that could not have been in the US curriculum. My question, did the US ever teach the 6 continent model were we included Europe and Asia as one?
4384: Why do fishes die when they're removed from water? I realize they require oxygen like other aerobes, but (obviously) there's oxygen in the air. So what is it about the water itself that keeps them alive?
4385: Does a candle's temperature affect its burn rate?
4386: Why does the area of the Bermuda triangle have more storms? Is this related to magnetic anomalies?
4387: Dear UCSB, In my science class we we're discussing a topic of hurricanes and I asked a question about Hurricane Sandy and my teacher didn't know the answer. So here my question: How much water does an average hurricane pick up? Thanks
4388: Why some planets have rings and others do not?
4389: What happens to air density in the atmosphere when air is cool? Please explain to me.
4390: Do contracting objects show red shift?
4391: Why do salamanders need their skin for protection?
4392: Are there animals which do photosynthesis?
4393: My friend refuses to believe that the earth rotates around the sun because all he believes in is religion , he refuses to believe any logic. What is the easiest way to prove to him that the earth rotates around the sun and not the other way around?
4394:

After reading your article:"Why is it that water freezes on the surface of a lake but not below it?" here I found this very interesting and gave me one more question which should be interesting to others too, I hope.

Question: If warmer water was to be sent from lower down, where it is warmer, to the surface in the form of agitated turbulence, so the water is moving, would this stop the ice forming, so long as the volume of water was great enough to keep ahead of the cold air?

I'm looking at ways to keep breathing holes open for mammals trapped beneath ice during mid winter freezes after seeing the movie "Big Miracle." I'm sure there must be a better way of keeping the ice from freezing up. Even an outboard motor should work better. So far I have thought of lowering a grid of pipes down low and pumping air through the pipes which are full of small holes. The thought was that the air bubbles would bring warmer water to the surface and therefore keep the ice from freezing over. I still haven't been able to find out if the water is warmer at the bottom or half way up yet. I also thought about vertical pipes suspended in the water, going down deep and ending about 10 feet below the surface to insulate the water on its way up but whales and Orcas are likely to break the pipes and hurt themselves. Maybe soft pipes would work? I'm not in the areas you normally answer questions for, I'm in New Zealand, but if someone has time to give me some advice I would really appreciate it, so will the whales who get trapped and die.

Thanks
4395: How do earthquakes have anything to do with why tsunamis happen?
4396: Hi there,

Recently in class I have done a Redox titration to determine the concentration of ascorbic acid within some orange juice. The pH of the solution at the beginning and the end were basically the same and I was wondering why? From what I have learned of titrations curves, the pH should have changed, at least a bit... I used the Potassium Iodate method if that is of any help. Thank you for your help!


4397: We estimate the temperature of a star from its color. But what if the star is moving away from us at a constant rate? Then, its light would be red shifted. So, how will we know its temperature?
4398: How many years do you have to go to college?
4399: How do seals mate?
4400: I want to be a scientist especially in the field of Chemistry . Any suggestions? and I like General Chemistry the most .
4401: People have different types of blood (e.g A, B, AB or O). Is it possible for animals to have those same types too?
4402: Is there anyway to improve your Maths result and being great in Science subject?
4403: Does the length of a bat affect how far a baseball will travel?
4404: How do Sea Anemones protect themselves?
4405: What color paper will transfer the most thermal energy?
4406: What is juvenile hormone?Is there a difference between pupa and cocoon? If yes, what is the difference?
4407: Why and how do crystals form?
4408: How does the sun heat the Earth?
4409: How does the aftermath of wars affect the environment?
4410: Why do people with dark skin have darker eyes?
4411: When two ice cubes are kept in contact, they will attract each other, why?
4412: What is the coldest desert in the world?
4413: Why does air becomes spherical when it is injected into water?
4414: Do you know how long it takes to grow sugar crystals in different types of water?
4415: Why don't fish move slowly in cold temperatures like reptiles do? Both are cold blooded.
4416: Do sea turtles have teeth?
4417: Does Pluto have any moons?
4418: How does conduction flow through a cell?
4419: When light goes through a prism, why does it exit like a rainbow?
4420: What types of volcanoes are found most often on plate boundaries?
4421: What is blood pressure?
4422: Hello, It is my understanding that compounds cannot be separated by physical means. Yet when NaCl is put in water, it dissolves. As I understand it, dissolving separates the compound into ions. Is this not a physical separation of the compound? I'm confused. Please help me as usual. Thank you.
4423: How does the Sun heat the Earth?
4424: What happens inside a can of soda when it is shaken up?
4425: What can kill a Lion?
4426: Why is the equator hot?
4427: In what way are oxygen and carbon similar? Is it their weight or the number of atoms, or density?
4428: What are some causes that are making the ozone layer disappear?
Thank you

4429: Is there a crop that tobacco companies can take over and make just as much money?
4430: Why do plants not take oxygen during the day though they need it for respiration?
4431: Why are branches formed from trees? Why don't trees just grow straight up? Why produce leaves off the branches, and leaves that only grow off branches? Is the tree trunk a giant branch from the seed? Are roots just more branches?
4432: What is inside a magnet?
4433: Does ice melt faster in saltwater or in freshwater?
4434: Do volcanoes pattern coincide with other geologic events?
4435: Can you please explain holographic and anthropic principles with easy examples?
4436: What kind of snails can be eaten by humans?
4437: How does the Sun have a gravitational force? Doesn't gravity depend on an atmosphere?
4438: It says neurons do not divide. Can we expect brain cancer due to division of neurons. Or are the brain cancer solely due to division of other cells in the brain?
4439: Hi Scienceline, My friend and I need a bit of information on Salinity in the Murray Darling Basin. How does salinity get into the Murray Darling Basin? Has the salinity rates gone higher or lower? How does the Murray River flow into the ocean? Is the poor irrigation getting worse?
4440: Hello, my name is Will and I am an AP Chemistry student at Milton High School in Massachusetts. For our final project, my partner and I are really interested in the explosive polymerization of 4-nitroaniline reaction that you had on your website click here. We have access to all the chemicals, yet we want to be as safe as possible. Since we are not exactly sure what the reaction produces, would a high school fume hood be sufficient protection? Also, how should we safely dispose of the product?


Thank you very much for your time,
4441: Who discovered x rays?
4442: Though very little water is required for photosynthesis, then why do we give so much of water to plants ?
4443: How do clouds contain water? And how do clouds absorb water?
4444: What would happen if we did not have a digestive system?
4445: Why does the sun help us to live?
4446: What will be the state of water if we freeze further negative temperature below the ice state limit? Could it exist as liquid again or stay being solid ice?
4447: I know this question had often been asked but I don't get to understand it. What do mean when we say that space is expanding? I think that space is not a physical entity that can expand. Space is just (apparently) "nothingness". Please solve my confusion.
4448: If a tree can live for thousands of years, and humans only live for about 80 to maybe 100 years, surely the trees are doing something we have done wrong. Is it possible to combine a plant with a human and cut off the growth problem which may solve immortality? Have scientists tried to combine animal cells with plant cells?
4449: By providing artificial light during nights when the sun does not shine, will it be possible to get crops faster?
4450: What is the life of a rare earth magnet under normal conditions (heat, atmospheric temperature assumed to be constant at say 25 degrees)? What will be the life of the same magnet when kept in repelling state with another identical magnet at a distance of less then 1mm, will they lose their strength fast enough, say within a month (assuming the size of the magnet is about 50mm X 25mm X 2.5mm)?
4451: When drilling stopped in 1994, the hole was over 7 miles deep (12,262 meters),(572°F), that's pretty HOT! My question is that if that's the deepest humankind has gone, 7 miles deep & Earth has continental crust of 35-40km which is 21-24 miles thick (33,796 meters). How do we know Earth's insides, like how were told in the books & by the professors that there is a mantle & a core beneath Earth's crust when we haven't gone that deep? It is easy to go deep into space because it's empty, but going deep into Earth, theirs a lot of pressure.
4452: I want to know about apex predators. Why are they so important for nature? When no one hunt them, how is their population controlled by nature?
4453: Can we kill viruses?
4454: How does Iodine kill bacteria?
4455: Can you tell me why the atmosphere is important?
4456: I like inventing mechanical things, what kind of Scientist can I be?
4457: How can energy be generated by nuclear fusion or the opposite of fusion?
4458: Do insects move in a different dimension other than humans do? I have heard that insects(like housefly) live in a more faster world. Is it true?
4459: Why does the mass of a particle changes when its speed changes?
4460: Are viruses living, once living, or never living?
4461: Are snails scavengers?
4462: When was first dinosaur fossil discovered?
4463: Does food coloring affect plants? If it does, how?
4464: Does the material the container is made of affect its ability to retain heat?
4465: Why is diamond harder than coal if they are both made up of carbon?
4466: What force makes earth stay on its orbit?
4467: All life needs some chloride so it would make sense that plants use chloride. The chloride in sweat evaporates with the water. Do plants obtain this chloride from water that has chloride in it due to chloride secretions such as in sweat, or is there a separate chloride cycle?
4468: What is the percentage of the earth's salt water?
4469: What are some efficient ways to prevent apples rotting?
4470: I put 8 oz. of water in a cup and added enough ice to make it 12 oz. When the ice melted it was still 12 oz. So if the polar ices melted, would it not cause flooding because it is all the same volume?
4471: Why is Mars a red planet?
4472: Are plant cells rectangular or circular? I get confused on them. They aren't hard to understand, but they ARE definitely confusing. Thank You all who answer my question. Love sent out to all.
4473: Is there any particle faster than light? if so, what is it? Is neutrino faster than light?
4474: Why is an atom electrically neutral?
4475: Why humans do not have tail?
4476: How were humans created?
4477: Are humans and animals the same?
4478: Hi, I have been doing a project about what would happen if you switch one species brain to a different, example (human to frog), and what part of the body makes you grow?
4479: Why do we go through puberty?
4480: How earthquakes' waves provide information about the interior of the earth?
4481: Why is it colder at a higher altitude when technically it is closer to the sun?
4482: We all know that plants do respiration at night and give CO2 at night, but in the morning when they have just started photosynthesis and giving oxygen we go on a morning walk and we say that we are taking oxygen in the morning!Is not the concentration of CO2 going to be higher in the morning!!?
4483: How fast can a rocket go?
4484: Why do we have hair?
4485: Which human cell is the most important?
4486: Please help me and explain briefly on the burning of a candle, what is the chemical reaction involved?
4487: Does a ferret see color?
4488: Do silk worms eat all types of mulberry tree leaves?
4489: Why the sun does not fall on the earth?
4490: What does salt do to the human body?
4491: Herbivorous animals are the same but their excreta are different, why?
4492: Why a lizard's tail grows back?
4493: What is the size of the Sun?
4494: What is the total charge on any atom?
4495: Where does carbon dioxide come from?
4496: Is it possible that a fossil could make its way from South America to Australia, and only be found in those countries?
4497: Is light matter?
4498: Does eye color affect a person's ability to identify color in low light?
4499: What is Life Science?
4500: Why is weather important in people's lives?
4501: How are stars aligned?
4502: What classes do you have to take to be able to take Oceanography in College?
4503: Can you explain to me why is a ball on a string like a planet in its orbit?
4504: Why is it necessary for an electric current to produce a magnetic field?
4505: Is it safe to eat snow or drink it melt?
4506: How additives like antifreeze stop car radiators from freezing?
4507: What is a chloroplast in a cell?
4508: Dear Scientists,
We all know that skin types were best suited for people in their own natural habitat and countries, what would be the Fitzpatrick skin type best for Toulouse, France and Aix en Provence, France. Is it skin type II or Skin type III or which Fitzpatrick type? Thank you
Yours,

4509: I am aware of how the process of parthenogenesis occurs, however I wanted to ask whether it is theoretically possible to stimulate/program the reproductive cells of other organisms to perform this process, and how it would be done.
4510: Do different colors of sponges absorb different amounts of water?
4511: Is Earth's core as hot as the surface of the sun?
4512: Which is the simplest way of explaining Science to me?
4513: I've seen different drawings of human cells. They use different colors to show the different parts of the cell. My question is, what is the actual color of the inside of a cell?
4514: What would I do to be a marine scientist?
4515: What would happen if a comet hits Earth?
4516: Why water level does not change when salt is added?
4517: What is the highest frequency that most humans can hear?
4518: How does the type of fabric affect the ability to insulate?
4519: I'm doing a science project for San Marcos High School. My question is "How does exercise affect memory? Thank you.
4520: I was wondering if there are billions of stars in the galaxy and we are inside of it, why do we see dark nights? Wouldn't the space always be bright? Thanks
4521: Do all living things reproduce?
4522: Are tears a waste product?
4523: What is the Shape of Our Universe, and where is it situated? I would also like to know what is there outside the Universe?
4524: Why are skin cells undergoing mitosis continuously?
4525: Can you explain to me what an independent variable is?
4526: How tall was Mt. Everest before wind erosion and water erosion happened?
4527: What is the main pigment in plants?
4528: Why does tides occur on seas and oceans but not on ponds and lakes?
4529: Does the ocean have land on all sides?
4530: Why plants cannot move from place to place?
4531: We put colored water in a cup and it changed the color of the celery sticks in the water. When we watered a plant in soil for 2 weeks with the same colored water the white flower did not change color. Why did It not change like the celery did?
4532: Do earthquakes cause floods?
4533: How does heat come in the atmosphere?
4534: How thin is a eggshell?
4535: How did salt get into the ocean?
4536: What is the Ebola virus and should I be afraid?
4537: How is metamorphosis different from the development of baby mammals?
4538: What makes a planet different from a star?
4539: How far away are stars?
4540: How can there be gravitational pull in space but no gravity?
4541: There is an article on your site about the gravitational pull of the planets upon each other. My question is what happens when the earth passes through the gravitational field between the sun and another big planet such as Jupiter or Saturn. So there would be some gravity between the earth and Jupiter, but there would also be gravity between the sun and Jupiter and the earth would be passing through this field. Can this be measured? What happens? Casey the Curious.
4542: What will happen if people want to visit Earth's crust, will they die because it is so hot or is it just really dangerous? What will also happen if you die right in the middle of the crust?
4543: What evidence shows that there has been a continental drift?
4544: How do rocks form?
4545: When can we find gill slits on tadpoles?
4546: Does a plant cell work with other cells to be able to function?
4547: What are the uses of crystals?
4548: If light is matter, wouldn't that mean that dark rooms contain less matter than light rooms?
4549: What is the greatest challenge that ocean fish face in salt water?
4550: What season do caterpillars grow the fastest?
4551: I have a dream to become a scientist, I want to change the world and create antibiotics. I feel like I was made to do something on this earth. My questions:
Next year I am taking biology or should, I take Earth?
If we can make our DNA strand from keep dying, can we humans keep living at the age it stops replacing?

4552:

We find a lot of fossils today and I have heard it is because there were different events that caused animals and dinosaurs to die. Why didn't the fallen bodies of the dead animals just rot? Why did they turn into fossils if they just fell down dead? If all of those dead animals that are fossilized were buried rapidly with water, etc., (which is needed for the fossilization process) what caused that to happen with all of the thousands upon thousands of fossilized creatures? Was it thousands of small disasters with water, etc? I'm just confused on that subject because we find so many different fossils in so many layers.

Why were bones of an iguanadon, mastadon, hadrosaurus, monkey, bison, racoon, Indian jawbone and teeth, all found together, and in the same layer in the Ashly Beds in South Carolina if they all were said to have lived at different time?


4553: Molecules of gas strike with each other. Can they produce spark flame due to collision?
4554: Why do we need salt in the ocean?
4555: What is the easiest way to distinguish a type of dinosaur?
4556: In a water molecule, why do the lone pairs take up positions above oxygen? Couldn't they take up positions on both sides of oxygen?
4557: How is lumber related to the process of photosynthesis?
4558: Does our solar system have a name? All we say is "sun system".
4559: What can we do (in terms of temperature sugar,liquids) to help yeast produce more carbon dioxide?
4560: What liquid could produce more Carbon dioxide with yeast?
4561: What is the best type of sugar to use to make yeast and water produce carbon dioxide? And how much? What is the best temperature for the water to be? How much do I shake the flask for?
4562: What is the main causer for the cyclones occurring over US?
4563: Why does the water condense after evaporating?
4564: Hi, I am doing a science report and I need some help. I keep looking at website but none of them are on liquid conductivity. I came across this website and I am wondering if you had any information about liquid conductivity. If you do, thank you. Thanks,
4565: I have a spider that I think is brown recluse, can you help me identify it?
4566: Say all of the plants on Earth were to die off tomorrow, what could be some possible causes and could humans survive it?
4567: How does the sun warm the earth ?
4568: What is the border between the outer core and inner core and how many kilometers is it beneath the crust?
4569: Why will Tungsten glow brighter than Nichrome though? I don't understand.
4570: What is a symbol for lithium?
4571: What kind of paper absorbs more heat? What color paper absorbs the most heat? Does paper absorb heat under a light bulb?
4572: Why the earth favors things with lowest energy? Could you please explain to me? Thank you.
4573: Are the lungs and blowhole connected?
4574: If hearing loss is "cured" and the cochlea is restored, will tinnitus go away? Will tinnitus be eliminated permanently? How would the brain know to stop making the ring noise?
4575: How does heat affect the volume of gas in a balloon?
4576: If everything in the universe is made of atoms, why does everything look and fell so different?
4577: what happens during lightning?
4578: Where does lightning come from?
4579: How do scientists determine the age of rock layers and fossils?
4580: My son Max is investigating which materials are the best conductors. He built a circuit with a 6V battery and a light bulb, hoping to distinguish which materials are the best conductors by the brightness of the light bulb. The experiment worked, but the results were not satisfactory to Max. The ligh bulb was either on or off, and it was difficult to tell if one material was better than the other. He asked if there was a way to measure the conductivity of materials with another instrument. I purchased a multimeter from Radio Shack hoping to measure the conductivity/resistance of the materials. However, I am not sure I am properly operating the instrument. We removed the test material from the circuit and set the multimeter to the OHMS setting. The results for the metals (copper, aluminum foil, a nickel, and a penny) bounce all over the place and often end at zero, and the non-conductors do not show any change on the screen so the end result is also zero.I would really like to help Max find more specific results, but I am not sure what else to do. Is there a particular bulb that would show more variety in the intensity? He has shown such a curiosity about this. I sincerely hope there is a way to help him! Thank you for your time. Max's mom.
4581: In what form is most of Earth's fresh water found?
4582: I have children in Grades P-2. One of my young students asked me if the earth is round because of gravity, how come the other planets are round that have no gravity - I tried to explain the mass and gases idea to them and they looked at me as if I was from another planet. How do I explain the reasons planets are round in simple terms they will understand. Please keep in mind these are 4-6 years old children.
4583: Why can't an exact electron location be determined?
4584: How do viruses attack cells?
4585: Why do we get itches on our body?
4586: What are mice used for experiments?
4587: How was our Earth made?
4588: How the earth spins on its axis and keeps a steady orbit around the sun?
4589: Can magnetic fields pass through glass?
4590: I color is just certain light reflecting off a certain object(example: if something is orange, it reflects "orange" light), then is there really any color? Would the question be not "What Color is it?" but "What Type of light is being reflected?"
4591: Is potassium poisonous/hazardous?
4592: How do dogs hear better than humans?
4593: How does moss grow?
4594: How many people are on earth?
4595: What planets have Oxygen in their atmospheres other than Earth?
4596: Why does baking occur?
4597: Is it possible to take electricity from lightning?
4598: What is watershed?
4599: How does light travel? Why is it not stationary?
4600: How long does it take for a rocket to get into space?
4601: How much insulation does a glass cup have? Is it better than a plastic cup? Why or why not?
4602: Were whales land animals?
4603: How does a TV remote control work?
4604: Do bats hibernate?
4605: How many kinds of cells are there?
4606: Why does the ocean seem to rise at night time?
4607: What are the things that cause cancer? Why does cancer have to exist? Will there ever be a way to get rid of cancer for ever?
4608: Why hot air rise, and cold air does stay at the bottom?
4609: What happens on a molecular level inside a balloon as it inflates?
4610: How do boats float on water when they are so heavy?
4611: What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
4612: Hello, Science Line,
Although Nitrogen can combine with chemicals to produce unpleasant byproducts as a result of fuel combustion (nitrogen oxides in smog, etc.), I was wondering if atmospheric nitrogen can actually be harnessed (somewhat like atmospheric oxygen) to produce power in any way? Although nitrogen has a strong tendency for inertness, since it makes up the bulk of air, it is a shame that it cannot be harnessed somehow -- are there any oxidizers/fuels which can be made to react energetically/explosively with nitrogen gas, especially under heat and/or pressure? Thank you very much.

4613: How does water and air act like a heat reservoir?
4614: I know that chloroplasts require proteins coded for by the nucleus to reproduce. However, if chloroplasts were placed in a solution that had those proteins could they reproduce outside of a cell?
4615: Is there any blue blood in our bodies at any time? Or is it all red with different shades?
4616: Why do crystals form in water? What do you do in your lab with others? Me and my dad are interested in what you do.
4617: Is our sun really a star?
4618: I am curious on how a toothpaste whitens teeth. I would like to make a science project on which brand of toothpaste is effective on whitening teeth? But what should I use and do create my project? And what is in the toothpaste that makes the teeth whiter?
4619: How does a pendulum clock work?
4620: Are there really Aliens from outer space?
4621: Would a black hole be able to eat an object many times bigger than its own mass? If not, what would the reaction be?
4622: What would the reaction be if a black hole crossed paths with another black hole of the same size?
4623: What happens when a plant does not get enough water?
4624: What materials do they use to get salt?
4625: Do birds help plants grow?
4626: Can you explain how lightning occurs in a simple way so that I can understand it?
4627: Why does the moon turn red at times? And why is the sky blue? Can the sky turn into another color, and if so what color?
4628: What type of material keeps liquids hot for longer time?
4629: Why does the inner core is solid state though the temperature is very high?
4630: Hi, I am Ahsley,an I wanted to ask you that are real scientists this question. Why is it that people say do not wear black in summer? Please reply back, it is for my science experiment and I am putting all my effort to at least get second place, thank you.
4631: What powers a battery? What is inside it?
4632: What things do people make out off nuclear energy?
4633: What are the predictions of earth's climate in the future?
4634: Can I have the purpose of the science project? "how salty does the sea have to be for an egg to float"?
4635: Hello, People evolved and selected by the genes which adapted to the environment that are favor to them. So, for example, people who live at the higher latitude area have lighter skin color, and vise verse, people live near the equator have darker skins for the ultra-violate protection reason. If a white couple (their grandpa and grandma and the past generations are all white) move to somewhere near equator, and then the generations past on (and all of their offspring mate with pure white people), will their skin color change because of any environment reason? Thank you so much for taking time to answer this!
4636: What would happen to the moon if the earth is gone? Will the moon find another planet to circle around? If yes, which would be that planet? Would the moon go on in the same circle without a planet? Will the moon be gone before us or will be death with us? What will happen?
4637: When and where are lasers used?
4638: Why do we have Tissues in our body? Why do tissues that work together form organs?
4639: How were the bones preserved from the La Brea tar pits?
4640: Hello. I am 9 years old. I did a test to see which would freeze first, ocean, tap or pool water. I did it twice and both times the ocean water froze first. It isn't suppose to. Can you help me answer why this happened? I used 8 oz of each water and put them in plastic water bottles. I checked on them every 30 min. I noticed the the ocean water got thick and slushy. It formed a top layer of ice then it seemed to freeze from inside out. The pool and tap water froze from the top down first then the sides and bottom started to freeze. My science fair is coming up and I can't explain why this happened. Thank you!
4641: Do plant cells and animal cells look the same and why?
4642: Can colored light affect the way plants grow?
4643: Why does Chlorophyll A and B absorb different colors better?
4644: What type of cells do the examination of the cell's cycle? (Qué tipos de células examinan el ciclo de célula?)
4645: How different is the sky in the morning and the sky at night? Why we can not see the stars in the morning or in the day?
4646: How does gravity work? How does gravity keep things on the ground? And how does it keep planets in orbit?

Answers written on January 27th, 2015


4647: How does the moon control the tides?
4648: What effect does a prism have on white light?
4649: How do plants interact with their environment? Please give me an answer.
4650: Why are whales mammals and not fish?
4651: How does the peacock flounder change color?
4652: We did an experiment where we put one iron nail in bottled water and another in aquarium salt water made using bottled water. We left each for 2 weeks then filtered each using filter paper and took weights. We expected more rust in the salt water and that the weight would be greater. However the weight was greater in the bottled water than the salt water. Any ideas about why? My guess is that perhaps the nail was treated in some way not to react as much to saltwater.
4653: I've heard that Fluoride is bad for people and animals; fluoride can kill us. So why is there Fluoride in toothpastes like "Colgate" and "Sensodine"? Why is Chlorine not? Why have Scientists approved Toothpaste with Fluoride in it? Is fluoride good for a person's teeth?
4654: What is more comparable to stomach acid, lemon juice or vinegar?
4655: My group and I are doing a science project about which angle receives the most solar power and we would like some information about what you guys know and if you have anything please contact me and any detail would be fine thank you.
4656: What angle from a solar panel receives the most power from the sun? My groups hypotheses is a 60* angle but so far from now a 90* angle is receiving more power, WHY?`
4657: What is the cell wall made of?
4658: If a tree has no leaves, how will the tree get sunlight?
4659: What is the earth's lithosphere made of?
4660: Does Euglena not have a cell wall?
4661: How would the air move over the earth's surface if the earth did not spin on its axis?
4662: How Silicon came about on Earth?
4663: What happens if a hole is dug through the diameter of the earth and a stone is dropped on it?
4664: How can the geometrical composition of a spider cobweb be effective enough to trap insects?
4665: How does space never end?
4666: Helium, Argon and Neon are all noble gases. They all have identical k values, that is, the specific heat value at constant pressure divided by the specific heat value at constant temperature (Cp/Cv) is the same. Would these gases be expected to behave the same in scientific experiments?Thank you.
4667: What makes ice melt?
4668: Why does the Earth rotate on an axis?
4669: How dose weather affect our daily lives?
4670: I am in Big History at Grayslake North high school in Illinois. I am doing a project on how Silicon came about on Earth. I came upon your answer on to why that is. I want to use your answer in my project but I need to cite my work so I don't plagiarizer. When I used easybib they were not able to give me a publisher of a electronically published date. I was just wondering on if you can give me a name and a date so i will be able to use it in my project. If not that is fine, I can find a different article. Thank you for your time. Have a nice day!
4671: In what parts of plants are seeds formed? In leaves and roots? In cones and leaves? In stems and flowers? In flowers and cones?
4672: What is the difference in between a copper wire and a coil wire when considering magnetic effect of electricity?
4673: How are emeralds formed?
4674: How are plant and animal cells different?
4675: What classes should you take in high school for a major marine mammal veterinarian? Or Marine trainee?
4676: Can liquid nitrogen freeze fire?
4677: Why rigid bodies do not feel atmospheric pressure?
4678: Why the ring of Saturn is visible to us and the other outer planets like Uranus ring's is invisible to us?
4679: Why do an object move when a force is applied on it, while newton's third law says action is equal to reaction?
4680: What is found on the outside of a nucleus?
4681: Does the temperature of the water affect submarine activity?
4682: How do sponges breathe?
4683: How does pollination differ from fertilization?
4684: How are clams born?
4685: Can a plant stay alive without light?
4686: What would happen if the sun exploded?
4687: Are there stars bigger than the sun?
4688: How does extreme weather effect climate change?
4689: Why are all of the Earth's layers circular?
4690: Why does hot air rise?
4691: What are diamonds made of?
4692: Where did the tyrannosaurus live? What did they eat? How did they get their food?
4693: How can we measure the speed of light?
4694: What is the principle of piezoelectric transducers?
4695: Why all animal eggs are in oval shape only?
4696: What would happen if earth lost its magnetic field and could it be caused by humans?
4697: How long would it take to travel one light year at one tenth the speed of light? I have been getting ten years, though I heard light years are different than other ways of measuring distance. I just need a proffessional view on this.
4698: Why are gray wolves being hunted?
4699: Why are bees going extinct?
4700: How do astronomers predict eclipses?
4701: What causes global warming?
4702: Do all the planets take the same time to revolve around the sun?
4703: How much land would be covered if the ice caps of the South Pole melted? I did not include the North Pole because I know it would not effect anything!THANKS!
4704: Can you give some information about the kingdom of fungi?
4705: Without any example, could you tell me how do scientists measure gravity?
4706: Do plants with non green leaves have chlorophyll and photosynthesis?
4707: What is the temperature in the North and South Poles?
4708: Is there air on any other galaxy?
4709: How did Apollo 2 get off the moon? Doesn't rocket fuel require oxygen to work?
4710: Tides are formed by the gravitational pull of moon. How does the water get attracted by the moon even though the gravitational pull of earth is greater than that of the moon?
4711:

I am a year 7 student and I am doing a project on Gamma Radiation and I was wondering if you could please answer a few questions for me? My questions are:

When does gamma radiation occur and is gamma radiation dangerous?

What is the difference between alpha and beta particles?


4712: Can we see Saturn from Earth with naked eye?
4713: What is the reason fireflies emit light and how does it work?
4714: Do all planets rotate from left to right?
4715: How does the ice on the north and south poles trigger the movement of ocean currents?
4716: How was the sun formed?
4717: Hello, I'm doing a project over chemiluminescence and glow sticks and I have some questions about them, so I was wondering if anyone could answer them!
1. What are some alternative uses for chemiluminescence instead of just producing light?
2. In what cases can the chemicals in glow sticks be harmful?
3. What causes some glow sticks to be more bright or long lasting than others?
4. How does chemiluminescence occur in living organisms?
5. Why does chemiluminescence not produce much heat?
Thank you for your time!

4718: What is the percentage of saltwater in the Atlantic Ocean?
4719: Which animals don't have blood?
4720: What is the safest place to be if a supernova occurs?
4721: Hi, I was wondering what is the point of Science?
4722: I have a question for you. I read that brain cells do not replicate, but some brain stem cells are replicating. If mitochondria divide each time the brain cells divide, does this mean that only then we can have new cells? I have read that they also replicate at random at any time of the cell cycle. My question is also: if the brain mitochondria are different than the skin mitochondria because they must last much more time, does skin mitochondria last as long as brain cells?
Than you very much for your site.I will be happy to hear your answer.

4723: I have a question for you. I read that brain cells do not replicate, but some brain stem cells are replicating. If mitochondria divide each time the brain cells divide, does this mean that only then we can have new cells? I have read that they also replicate at random at any time of the cell cycle. My question is also: if the brain mitochondria are different than the skin mitochondria because they must last much more time, does skin mitochondria last as long as brain cells?
4724: How does Ferro fluid Work?
4725: Is Venus hotter than Mercury because it is full of carbon dioxide or because it does not have an atmosphere?
4726: Why can't humans go to Jupiter, and why isn't it safe to go there?
4727: What is the difference between gamma particle and gamma rays? Are thee the same thing or not ? This confuses me.
4728: Scientists claim to be true that GRAVITY IS THE WEAKEST OF ALL THE 4 FUNDAMENTAL FORCES OF NATURE! Now here's my question:
Being the weakest of all the 4 fundamental forces of nature, why is it that the gravity of black holes can bend even space, time and light? If it is true that gravity is the weakest force, then the black holes are violating the laws of classical mechanics! Is it correct to say that gravity is the weakest force?

4729: Why are people going through puberty at younger ages than they used to?
4730: Why the flowers have different colors?
4731: How many times has the earth experienced complete ice cap melt? Is there a pattern?
4732: Hello,I am a science teacher trying to create a new project for the Next Generation standards. I need help choosing some interesting compounds.I want my students to research these compounds. There is a long list of criteria for this project, such as how the compound has properties different from its elements, how the compound is used in nature and synthetic structures, etc. I want compounds that will provide for interesting research. I am looking for at least 12 compounds. I found this list and was hoping you could help me choose the most interesting or suggest others not on the list. Thanks for your help. Here is the list:
Aluminum chloride AlCl₃
Barium iodide BaI₂
Beryllium fluoride BeF₂
Carbon dioxide CO₂
Carbon monoxide CO
Carbon tetrabromide CBr₄
Carbon tetrachloride CCl₄
Cesium chloride CsCl
Cobalt(III) fluoride CoF₃
Diarsenic pentoxide As₂O₅
Dihydrogen monoxide (most call it water!)H₂O
Dinitrogen monoxide N₂O
Dinitrogen tetroxide N₂O₄
Dinitrogen trioxide N₂O₃
Diphosphorus pentoxide P₂O₅
Gallium nitride GaN
Hydrobromic acid HBr
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Hydroiodic acid HI
Iodine trichloride ICl₃
Iron(III) oxide Fe₂O₃
Lead(II) selenide PbSe
Lithium sulfide Li₂S
Nitrogen dioxide NO₂
Nitrogen monoxide NO
Nitrogen triiodide NI₃
Phosphorus pentabromide PBr₅
Phosphorus trichloride PCl₃
Potassium phosphide K₃P
Rubidium oxide Rb₂O
Silicon dioxide SiO₂
Sodium bromide NaBr
Strontium sulfide SrS
Sulfur dioxide SO₂
Sulfur hexafluoride SF₆
Sulfur trioxide SO₃
Tetraphosphorus trisulfide P₄S₃
Tin(IV) bromide SnBr₄
Vanadium(V) oxide V₂O₅
Xenon trioxide XeO₃

4733: What rate do red blood cells die at?
Thanks!

4734: Why a black hole is actually black? Why light when enters into it does not bright inside?
4735: What is difference between ion and radical?
4736: Why the universe has not end and why is it too big?
4737: 1) Why do sports players usually hurt their ligaments instead of tendons? 2) What's the difference between human cartilage and shark cartilage? If a human needed cartilage could a human use cartilage from a shark?
4738: How the heat of sun come in earth when there is no medium?
4739: Does the sun have an explosion every day?
4740: What is life?
4741: Where does most hurricanes occur in the United States?
4742: Hello! I am teaching 6th-11th grade sciences. I have a B.S. in science, but only took a year or so of microbiology in college. Every year we have students who want to do microbe projects for science fair. We have good success growing microbes in petri dishes. As yet, my best method for measuring microbe growth is to give students a 5mm x 5mm grid which they lay on top of the petri dish and have them estimate how much of these boxes are filled with the microbe that has grown. Then they add up the portions of the boxes or whole boxes filled by the microbes and arrive at an mm squared value. One science fair judge asked about the height of microbe growth. I guess students could arrive at an estimate of height by the same method. I have done online searches which have only yielded dilution methods. We do not have any specialized equipment for observing microbes in dilution, nor do I have stains for the various microbes to show up on a microscope slide. Any websites or suggestions you can give a generalist 6th-12th grade science teacher would be very much appreciated. Thank you!
4743: Why does not all rising air form clouds?
4744: What happens to the brain when you think? Why do we need a brain to do things?
4745: Will stronger acids remove rust faster than weaker acids?
4746: What things reflect light?
4747: In an electric circuit with an ammeter, a bulb and other necessary components, when current is passed, will the bulb glow as soon as it crosses the ammeter or will it glow only after the current completes flowing through the entire circuit?
4748: Which one is faster electricity or air?
4749: Hello. I am doing a research project on bioluminescent organisms and have a question. I was wondering if there is a connection between luciferase in bioluminescent organisms and chlorophyll in plants. If so please tell their relationship. Thank You.
4750: I know that different colors have different wavelengths, with the color blue having a shorter wavelength than other colors. My question is: When light is reflected off the surface of the ocean, does this shorten or lengthen the wavelength of the colors in the light spectrum? Thank you so much for your time!
4751: Why do crystals grow in water?
4752: How do microorganisms enter our body?
4753: How do eubacteria obtain food?
4754: How much percentage of oxygen does a fish need?
4755: Is there an organelle which has to be colored a specific color in an animal or plant cell? If yes, which is it?
4756: Leaves of plants like cabbage are purple in color, then how are they able to carry out photosynthesis?
4757: How many stars are there?
4758: Water is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom. Hydrogen peroxide is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 2 oxygen atoms. As water and hydrogen peroxide are made of the same types of atoms, can they be considered similar substances?
4759: How big is the sun? How big is the earth? How big is Jupiter? Can you compare them?
4760: Is it correct that if a substance does not hold one of its electrons tightly, then it will conduct electricity because flowing electrons create electrical current?
4761: Hello I am in 7th grade and was in science class while thinking, Man to Mars communication. My question would be, while Man is on Mars will they be able to communicate back to family and friends? I know they will be able to back to the Space Station but I was curious about the family and friends part. If so, will this be freely chosen times to talk or schedule time? Thanks,
4762: Hello, I am in 7th grade and was in Science class while thinking, Man to Mars communication. My question would be, while Man is on Mars will they be able to communicate back to family and friends? I know they will be able to back to the Space Station but I was curious about the family and friends part. If so, will this be freely chosen times to talk or schedule time? Thanks,
4763: Does thought require language?
4764: Why, if two wrongs don't make a right, do two negatives make a positive in mathematics?
4765: If two balloons contain the same volume of air from our lungs, and one balloon is heated and the other is cooled, will one rise and the other drop? Why?
4766: What is the Human Body System?
4767: How does a moon rock look like?
4768: How is the plant cell different from the animal cell?
4769: I am doing a science experiment on magnets and magnetism. I was wondering: What affects magnetism? I was also wondering: What is attracted to magnets? My final question is: What makes objects attract to magnets?
4770: In alpha decay, an atom spits out two protons and two neutrons. However, if it does not lose two electrons as well, then it is no longer an atom, it is an ion. How does this work? In beta decay, an atom spits out an electron and an anti- neutrino from one of the neutrons in the nucleus, while retaining the proton from it, but if this is true, and the atom does not somehow gain two electrons, then there are two protons more than electrons and it is no longer an atom. How does this work? Also, when I was reading the answers to the other questions about the types of decay and how they work, I noticed that there was some mention of an electron cloud. What is it, and how is it scientifically valid to assume that it is really there?
4771: How can our body carry out digestive functions on a daily basis?
4772: Why is the earth round and not flat? How are volcanoes formed?
4773: What are sugar crystals made of?
4774: Why does rubbing alcohol evaporate quicker than water?
4775: Why does soil heats up faster than sand?
4776: I am going to enter my first year of college next year and am deciding between UC Davis and UC Santa Barbara. I loved UC Santa Barbara, but I will be entering the animal sciences to later become a veterinarian or zoologist and UC Davis has a great program for that. Can I please have details about UC Santa Barbara's zoology and pre-veterinarian programs? Please include how much hand-on experience students get with real animals, where UCSB students receive animal science internships, and statistics about where students from UCSB continue their animal science schooling after graduation. Thank you so much!
4777: Do Earth layers ever die?
4778: How does magma go up and explode into the air out of a volcano?
4779: Does the percentage of oxygen in air decrease when you go below sea-level?
4780: I am researching the field of marine biology for a research project. With my teacher's approval, I have a few questions for you you to answer. 1. What type of background is required and what personal qualities are required in marine biology? 2. What are the hours, typical day like, and what responsibilities are included? 3. What will the future look like for this job and what would the world be like without this job? Thank you for your time.
4781: I'm doing a project for school. I was wondering if you could answer a few questions I have about stars. Why are there stars out at night? Do we use them as like night lights? Where do they go during the day? If we didn't have stars, would it change our daily life?
4782: What does reflect mean?
4783: How do Venus fly trap digest insects and does it matter what type of insect?
4784: How can balanced equations be used to calculate the volume of gases formed in chemical reactions?
4785: What would happen if there were no deserts?
4786: Plants need chlorophyll to make food. Where does chlorophyll come from?
4787: When did humans first start roaming the earth about how many years ago ?
4788: Is there possibly going to be a cure for Ebola, if so how long is the expected time for the cure to be released?
4789: What is an acid?
4790: What is one weather condition that can limit the growth of a population?
4791: What would happen if the sun and moon collided?
4792: How do ATP and ADP work in a cell?
4793: What is sand made of?
4794: What happens when you put too much of the baking soda in food/bakery?
4795: How much vinegar does it take to react with baking soda?
4796: When did rocks break down from the mountains? I know rocks on the ground were from the mountain, but I want to know when did that happen?
4797: Is electricity and clouds a form of matter and why?
4798: Are stars useful why/why not?
4799: How can you change a nightmare or dream? I am very curious! I also want to control it. Please let me know!
4800: I'm having a conversation with my friends at lunch and the topic of blood pigmentation and whether it is blue when it has no oxygen or not. I showed them your website that in fact states that it is always red but may give off a blue hue. However, some of my friends do not believe that there is any way for you to scientifically prove that. So my question to you is, how do you know that blood is always red?
4801: How deep is the ocean, and how long can the average human stay under water? Which animal can hold their breath under water for the longest time?
4802: If you are trying to find the bottom of the sea the water is black, Why is that? How far is the bottom of the sea? Well bye and thanks for letting me use this program.
4803: Is it possible that there could be pyramids hidden under the sand or water?
4804: How fast do meteors travel? How far is Mars from Earth, and how fast can we get there?
4805: Are scientists working on traveling to the sun? Is it possible to visit other planets with different kinds of space suits?
4806: What are the physical and chemical reactions of gold?
4807: We are in 1st grade. We are doing an experiment. We are growing rye grass and alfalfa in the dark without any sunlight. Our classroom has no idea how it is growing. It is growing faster than the grass in the window. The grass getting sunlight is a darker green, and the one in the dark is a very light green, but it is taller. How come it is growing without sunlight? We are going to keep watering it and keep it in the dark to see what happens. Will it keep growing? Please write back or come visit us in room 8. We have lots of other stuff growing too, like a sweet potato. Thank you! P.S. Daphne helped type.
4808: Hello, I attend 7th grade at Eisenhower Middle School in Albuquerque, New Mexico. I am doing a project in which I have to use bio mimicry (mimicking nature to solve human problems) to solve a food system problem. My group and I would like to solve the problem we have that so much water is in the world, yet very little of it is fresh. We know that there have already been desalination plants invented, but they aren't very efficient. We were thinking about making a desalination plant that is based off the salt glands that can be found in many sea birds. This may be a more efficient way of taking the salt out of water. We have been doing much research over the course of the past week, but many of the articles and videos that we are trying to read are too difficult for us to understand. I was wondering if you could put in simple language the processes used by the birds to desalinate their water. Thank You!
4809: If stingrays like warm water which we had in Ventura a month ago, where do they go now that the water is like 55F, cold!? I know they liked the water because I got stung by one.
4810: How did off shore oil-drilling get started in Santa Barbara? How is off shore oil-drilling helping the people living in Santa Barbara? Does the oil-drilling off shore go to the people living in Santa Barbara for gasoline or do they send oil over to the factories for human industries? How can my partner, Oscar, and I help with the scientists or people on the aspect of oil-drilling?
4811: What is vitamin B12 and why is it so important?
4812: How many rows of teeth does a spiny dogfish shark have? What depths do they dwell in?
4813: How are tornadoes being affected by climate change?
4814: What do snakes eat?
4815: Is it true that the brain has the mind, but the mind has no brain?
4816: I often hear this phrase, when discussing the California drought, "We are just letting the water go down into the ocean!" How does the water that goes "into the ocean" replenish our environments own water supply? What do we risk by damning the water?
4817: Through which materials does magnetism pass?
4818: What will happen with the hot water in the sun when it evaporates?
4819: How is oxygen released in the air?
4820: How do flowers get their colors?
4821: Does Archaebacteria have DNA?
4822: How and where minerals form?
4823: What happens when two oceanic plates converge?
4824: What is the closest planet to Saturn and how far away is it?
4825: Why isn't Pluto a planet anymore for a fact I am asking?
4826: Why can't we feel the Earth move?
4827: What are Chemicals made out of and how are they made?
4828: Why don't asteroids get pulled into Earth's gravitational pole?
4829: How long does it take for Mercury to make one full orbit?
4830: How long has gravity been on earth?
4831: Why don't asteroids get pulled into Earth's gravity?
4832: What made Earth's atmosphere? Can it make more atmospheres?
4833: Does space have a floor or is it just like an endless pit? If it does have a floor then, what is it?
4834: How many asteroids are in the Solar System?
4835: Where would humans live if Earth didn't exist; and who named earth "Earth"?
4836: Does temperature change the PH of orange juice over time?
4837: Theoretically asking, what would happen if the sun were just removed? Not explode, just completely vanish. Would each planet continue a tangential orbit and become like meteors or would they change their orbits to Jupiter, knowing it has great mass. My physics class is presently talking about this sort of subject and it interest me quite a bit.
4838: Why is there a storm in Jupiter?
4839: How many volcanoes are in Mercury?
4840: If the core of the Earth is super hot and the mantle is liquid magma, why is the crust so much cooler?
4841: Why does a dead rat get mold after a few weeks?
4842: It seems that the universe was created by a big perfect explosion, it is also expanding in harmony to the point that it has created galaxies where billions of stars were formed. It also seems that stars created their own planets becoming solar systems. It seems that our solar system has been shaped with the right conditions in order for earth to become a green house and support life in many ways. Our plants, animals and us as a species are structured with DNA coding. Our universe is full of constants such as gravity, and speed. My question based on my observation is the following: Is the universe a computer program due to the fact that there are not coincidences other than cause and effect?
4843: How do plants use water?
4844: Including its rings which planet is bigger Jupiter or Saturn?
4845: Why does Earth have a moon and not Venus or Mars? And why Saturn has rings and not the inner planets?
4846: Why we cannot go to different galaxies?
4847: Do antiseptics contain triclosan or triclocarbon? And do they cause resistant-bacteria? Do alcohol-based sanitizers contain these compounds? What are the mechanisms of action for both antiseptics and alcohol based sanitizers as well as antibacterial agents?
4848: What are fun things you do as a scientist?
4849: What is the most abundant greenhouse gas? What are the things that produce that specific chemical? What are the things that produce the most carbon dioxide?
4850: Why is it hotter in the equator than the poles? 😜😍 thanks hope you answer
4851: I am doing a project on animal migration and my question is what animals migrate in the pond and where?
4852: What would the world be like without the Earth's layers?
4853: I am trying to separate aqueous copper and cobalt ions. I have been told that in a certain oxidation state one of them will be able to precipitate in a certain acid. I am wondering if you have any possible approaches.
4854: What is the hottest star? Is there a hottest star in the universe or when a new one is born will it become the hottest star?
4855: Why are there only 8 planets in the solar system?
4856: I am doing a project for school on evaluating websites. One of the most important things for us to know is if a website is up to date. So how do I know if a website if up to date? Also is this website still active? I need to use this website for another project so please answer.
4857: An element's properties are defined by the number of protons that it has, which also has the same number of electrons. Therefore, since if an atom loses/gains neutrons it becomes an isotope, which doesn't change its properties. Therefore, my questions are: Does the proton have particles within it, sort of like DNA, that define the properties of an element? Do these particles, if they exist, have a relationship with the electron?
4858: What tests can distinguish an acid from a base ?
4859: Why do plants give off so much carbon dioxide?
4860: Why does neon glow?
4861: What would happen if the earth did not have the sun....or the moon?
4862: What is the difference between "solution" and "suspension"?
4863: If you traveled through the center of the earth, you might feel like you are falling downwards, but when you reach the surface on the other side, would you still feel like falling?
4864: Why salt will make water freeze slower than the normal water?
4865: How did fossils provide evidence for continental drift?
4866: How do plants obtain oxygen for respiration during the night?
4867: Why isn't Pluto a planet? I think that it was a star but people think that it was a planet and that you guys saw a real planet, is it true or no? I am not in school summer break.
4868: Why does green light slow down more than orange light does when passing through an object?
4869: Why do geckos shed every month? My leopard gecko's name is Ann Marie and she also eats her skin after shedding.
4870: Do clouds move?
4871: Which organism has most chromosomes?
4872: How do computer screens work?
4873: I am a 9th grader in Souderton school District in PA. I stumbled upon your website while searching for BPA testing. I am interested in testing BPA content in receipts from several stores around my area for my 9th grade science project. I am also interested in finding out whether BPA leaches more after using hand sanitizers. I am having a hard time figuring out how to test for BPA . Is there a way I can test for BPA without using blood/urine samples ? Is it possible to test for BPA content directly on the thermal papers? Your help is deeply appreciated in this matter.
4874: Why aren't plants black? In theory, a black plant would absorb light from all wavelengths. However green plants (i.e. plants that reflect rather than absorb green) seem to have enjoyed an evolutionary advantage. According to Darwin they must have been the most fit, but what made them the most fit?
4875: Who and how discovered electricity?
4876: If you place a water balloon in a low pressure environment, will that push all of the air out of the balloon? If not, would there possibly be another way to remove the air from the filled water balloon?
4877: What do angler fish eat?
4878: How the orbit of earth around the sun is elliptical and not circular? Thank you very much.
4879: What happens to the cancer when the person dies, as in lung cancer. Does the cancer stay in the body and dies along with the person, or does it leave the dead body, and then invade a new living body? Thanks,
4880: To prove that light is essential for photosynthesis we use black paper, how could we get correct results? When black paper absorbs more heat, does this fact hinder our result?
4881: How is Pluto a star is it because it is to far away?
4882: After being outside when it is sunny, why do you see green spots when you come inside?
4883: Is there a way to get rid of the black tongue disease?
4884: Still to this day we have not discovered even half of the ocean and its inhabitants. What is the chance that there really is a megalodon or some huge prehistoric creature in hiding in the waters?
4885: Does the earth create more dirt? Why do all past civilizations have to be "dug up"?
4886: How does light move?
4887: What does a clam eat?
4888: Since all living organisms produce some kind of waste, wouldn't cancer cells produce a detectable amount of waste? Wouldn't that be an easy way to test for cancer?
4889: When you look at the sun, is their a moment when you cant see at all?
4890: I have heard that the icecaps and such are not melting and instead they have doubled in size since the last two years. Is this true? I heard that it was sponsored and they basically lied to the public and if there is any chance for us to go into another ice age, it is higher now. But not in a very very very long time. Can you explain?
4891: What covers and protects the brain?
4892: Could the regeneration process in some animals be quickened by selective breeding or cross breeding with two animals that both poses this function? Could one animal that poses the regeneration function breeding with an animal that does not have it; if so would the offspring have the function of regeneration of limbs or other body parts?
4893: If I heat 10ml of water in a soda can on a Bunsen burner until steaming and then I invert the can into ice water, is there any chemical reaction taking place in order to implode?
4894: Does anything else other than the moon control the tides? Does a certain life force live that controls the tides but makes it seem like the moon? Can another life force control the tides?
4895: I am in Grade 9 in Tasmania. I was just wondering if you could tell me how to distinguish water from Acid without tasting it as we are doing chemical reactions in my science class. On Thursday, we have a double science class and one of our requirements is for us to test to see which of the beakers contains water and to prove we need to test it without tasting, and touching it. If you could help me that would be great.
4896: Where does electricity start?
4897: When I raced a derby car, I was told that adding a fender for the front side of the rolling wheels would deflect the oncoming air (from the car's point of view) allowing the car to go faster. However, when I recently saw a formula for drag, I noticed a "speed of the media" component. Thinking through the speed of the wheel from the body point of view, the forward surface of the wheel above the axle is rotating into the oncoming air at faster than the forward linear motion of the car body, and the forward surface of the wheel below the axle is traveling forward at a slower rate than the body of the car (the tread touches the track). This leads me to ask: Are fenders only aerodynamically effective for shielding the forward surface of the upper half of the rolling wheel, and counterproductive for shielding the front surface of the lower half of the rolling wheel?
4898: Is chlorine important? Why?
4899: What is the size of a star?? And why a star is looking so little & blinking?
4900: Why does the sun have sunspots even doe the sun is the sun?
4901: Does a whale really lay eggs or give birth?
4902: What creates Earth's magnetic field?
4903: In books it says if the earths temperature rises 3 1/2 degrees the pole ice caps would melt but how is that possible if the temperature changes more than 3 degrees all the time?
4904: What evidence is there for continental movement?
4905: Why is mass not always measured by weight?
4906: Why is any nonzero number raised to the power of zero equal to one?
4907: How does soil affect the pH of water?
4908: What triggers the cry of a baby when she/he is born, just after leaving the mother’s womb?
4909: I've been researching, and Venus seems AWFUL. Is there anything good About Venus?
4910: Why do plant cells need to live?
4911: If you wanted to enjoy longer periods of daylight in the summertime would you head closer to the equator or farther from it? Why?
4912: Hi, I'm helping my young neighbor to determine what his "small fist" item is. It looks like a dark rock with a crusting on it - very hard, can't be broken open with a sledge hammer. Machine shop grinding of one edge took an extremely long time, again, very hard. very dense and heavy, very heavy, perhaps heavier than lead. Please give us some advice. What can this material be?
4913: As a scene shown in interstellar movie, there are two different time dilation in two different planet having different gravity. Is that true? And if it is true, is its due to gravity or location and speed or orbiting of that planet? Thanks.
4914: Does an atom live forever?
4915: How can you determine the correct ratio of baking soda and vinegar?
4916: I have an element research project for Chemistry, and my chosen element is Oxygen. Which are the most important characteristics of Oxygen, according to your experience?
4917: I am doing a science fair project "Which sex develops the most bacteria on sweat molecules? Male or Female". I need to know whether or not it is possible to take a culture of sweat and then grow it on gelatin. I will appreciate some help for which are the proper parameters to use(time line, kit or no kit?, etc.) in order to do this test in the correct way. Thank you.
4918: How do scientists use earthquakes to determine what the earth's interior is made of?
4919: How does hydrogen and oxygen turn to water?
4920: What causes weather changes? Is the world a real sphere, and if so how did it get that shape?
4921: How many species have whiskers? What is the function of whiskers? How are whiskers and antennae alike?
4922: Trying to find out what happens when you put corks in fresh water and salt water?
4923: What would happen if you went into space and shot a bullet toward Earth?
4924: As a physics teacher I've always been puzzled by the movement of weather systems from west to east. Seems to me the rotation of the Earth and the low frictional drag on the atmosphere would result in a east to west movement?
4925: What is the hottest temperature ever recorded in a desert?
4926: Why do chlorophyll makes plants look green if light is not green?
4927: Were do babies come from?
4928: Is a person's fingerprint pattern related to their toe print pattern?
4929: Did dinosaur and people ever exist on earth at the same time? And if not does that mean the Bible is wrong since it says man earth and beast were made basically at the same time (7 days)? I basically believe in the evolution theory, but then where did humans come from?
4930: Are there any organisms besides humans that produce 2 eggs from the same oocyte?
4931: All over the internet you can find warnings about botulism and occasionally listeria and even legionaries disease in relation to at-home vacuum packed foods. The instructions of food-saver vacuum sealers explain that anaerobic bacteria grows at certain temperatures and in certain environments. In order to keep the food safe, Can I let my hot food cool on the counter and then vac-pack it safely? What to do?
4932: Why does baking soda react to vinegar?
4933: What is current electricity?
4934: Can rocks cause a magnet feeling like you might observe when putting two magnets together?
4935: How does liquid density affect buoyancy?
4936: How would the salinity of salt in the oceans be affected if the polar ice caps melted?
4937: Why there are oceans on Earth, but no other planets?
4938: If staminate flowers only have male reproductive organs, then how do they reproduce or make seeds?
4939: 1.How do scientists know how thick the inner core is? 2.How do scientists know what the inner core is made out of? 3. How do scientists know how hot it gets on the inside of Earth?
4940: When is that space dust and gases become a star?
4941: Was Jupiter ever a solid planet?
4942: Can a black hole die?
4943: How are black holes made?
4944: Since stomach has pH of 1, and the intestine has pH of 7, how do stomach and intestine deal with the pH difference?
4945: I have to do the science fair research and bibliography for the 4th grade. My question is: Does the flavor of ice cream affect how fast it melts? Thank you for your help.
4946: Does Jupiter have a solid core?
4947: What happens when the sun dies?
4948: How does a magnifying glass work?
4949: How do people determine how old fossils are?
4950: What makes apples brown?
4951: What are facts against Pangaea?
4952: How earth formed ?
4953: What is conduction?
4954: How is that Rutherford led to discover the nucleus?
4955: How many BASE PAIRS ( not bases, not separate nucleotides) are there in the human genome?
4956: In which layer of the Earth do we live on?
4957: How do animals get their energy?
4958: How is opal formed?
4959: What are "materials"?
4960: Why and how does the atmosphere help the earth?
4961: I'm doing a science fair project on which plastic container leaches more Bisphenol A into the food when heated and I was wondering if there was anyway for me to measure the amount of BPA in the food after it is heated. Thank you for any answers you may have.
4962: I am doing a school project for Science. It's a mineral report and my mineral is calcite. I've been looking on the Internet and I can't find how calcite was formed. My teacher said if I can't find something, I should ask UCSB. My report is due in Tuesday morning so if you can respond tomorrow I can have it done on time. Thanks.
4963: Chlorophyll makes leaves green, but what substance makes it yellow, red, and orange?
4964: Why is water called a heat reservoir?
4965: How is thermal energy used?
4966: If the supplies don't make it to Mars what would happen if the people get there and the supplies don't make it? What would the people do and why is it a one way trip?
4967: How deadly is Mars?
4968: Is it a good idea to send people to Mars?
4969: Why would people want to live on Mars?
4970: What kind of animals eats elephants? What kind of animals eats cheetahs,lions, tigers, leopards,and wild cats?
4971: Does the carbon cycle function the same during the night as it does during the day?
4972: I am researching the best material (and maybe a ranking of the different ones) used in clothing to repel stains. I also am trying to learn why they repel or resist stains best. I am having a difficult time finding this info.
4973: Why does ice cream melt?
4974: Why don't comets hit Earth?
4975: How could you tell if a cell which was going through cytokinesis, was a plant cell or a animal cell?
4976: Is there a scientific reason we do not have tails?
4977: What are the most interesting facts about tungsten? What color is tungsten? Is tungsten at the top ten of the heaviest element? What is the atomic weight of tungsten? What is tungsten's density? Is it harmful? If you can answer at least some of my questions, I will be thankful. If you cannot reach me, sorry, I am a 5th grader who doesn't like to cause a lot of trouble. If you answer only one question, thank you. My project is a really important grade to me, so I need the correct answer. Thank you and have a blessed day. :)
4978: If I use a balance pan what physical property of the object am I measuring?
4979: Why do scientists believe the earth's outer core to be molten, or liquid metal?
4980: What is radiation?
4981: Why the ocean is clear in the tropical latitudes and more turbid, cloudy, murky off the California coast?
4982: Evidently when water turns from a liquid to a gas its volume increases 1600 times. This is was causes steam engines to work. If a person has a container where all of the moisture is taken out of it, and then water is injected into the container, when it evaporates, does the water expand 1600 times? If the container were under pressure, would the water remain liquid?
4983: We are under the impression that certain type of food is digested by a base (alkaline). Protein needs an acid to digest. The question is, does ALL food get an acid bath or does the body only dump acid when it's needed?
4984: What is Obsidian?
4985: Why is water clear in a bottle and on Google I asked what is the color of water and it said blue. My question is why is water clear in a cup?
4986: How long does it take for a sea star to regenerate a leg? Can this be done in a laboratory?
4987: How old is Mount Everest?
4988: I recently learned that the velocity of blood moving in veins is faster than that in capillaries, but the blood pressure in veins is much lower than that of any other blood vessel. Since veins have a relatively high blood velocity (at least compared to capillaries), shouldn't they also have a higher blood pressure? Why don't velocity and pressure in fluids go hand in hand?
4989: What is the largest magnet in the world?
4990: Do cells come from other cells?
4991: How can the wind help the plants and animals to reproduce?
4992: How does the angle of light affect surface temperature?
4993: I'm trying to find chemical reactions that I can compare to that of vinegar and baking soda. I want to see if I can create a better reaction. Can you provide me with any suggestions to try?
4994: How can a plane take off at the equator and fly to the North Pole? When we know the equator is moving faster than the north pole. I know part of the reason is conservation of momentum, we keep the momentum of the earth when we take off in a plane, which is why a plane traveling say 300 miles per hour can fly and get some where, even though the earth is revolving at about 1000 miles per hour at the Equator. So, relative to the earth we are only traveling 300 miles per hour. That is also the reason why when I jump in the air the earth has not moved all of a sudden a 1000 miles in the direction it is spinning.
4995: Where is the sun located in the Solar System?
4996: How many different kind of cells are in the human body?
4997: If photo plankton dries out does it still produce oxygen?
4998: What makes water blue?
4999: Is a plant alive because we live on oxygen and that comes from a plant?
5000: Are hurricanes named from the letters in the alphabet?
5001: Of the four main elements that make up life on earth, are they present on other planets?
5002: Does drinking caffeine increase your reaction time dramatically or noticeably?
5003: How long have trees been on Earth?
5004: Could a shark swallow anything without biting it?
5005: My question is what similarities do you think there are in how water and air move around Earth?
5006: By what process does waste leave cells?
5007: We had a can of mandarin oranges that was swollen and leaked brown liquid on to the pantry wall. My mom is using a bleach solution to clean the pantry shelf/wall what else should we do to make sure we don't get sick? Is there any way we can know what kind of bacteria it was for sure?
5008: If a solid has a 180g on the moon? Would it have the same weight on Earth as on the moon?
5009: What would happen to the thermohaline circulation if the Earth rotated in the opposite direction? Which would be climate changes on our planet?
5010: What accounts for the difference in density between the oceanic and continental crust?
5011: Which material absorbs the most water?
5012: What are the benefits of orange juice?
5013: How does the force of gravity exerted by the Sun on Jupiter compare to the force of gravity exerted by Jupiter on the Sun?
5014: Which ocean moderates the temperatures of eastern Canada?
5015: Why are skin cells undergoing mitosis continuously?
5016: How are the lithosphere and the asthenosphere similar?
5017: Why do mitochondria have its own DNA in a simplified version?
5018: What majors should I take to become a forensic scientist? What classes should I become more focused on in high school to help in college?
5019: How can you cause fission to common molecular structures or is it only possible with plutonium?
5020: If you were to cut up a piece of fruit, which has cells in it, would you be cutting apart molecules then too? How about atoms? And if you cut apart the atoms that make up the organelles of a cell, why don't we hear as big of an explosion as we do when we are splitting atoms up in bombs?
5021: How does mimic octopus give birth?
5022: What causes heart attacks?
5023: How does fossils influence continental drift?
5024: What would happen to the ocean without heat from the sun?
5025: Hi! I have a student who is wondering approximately what percent of the air we breath out is carbon dioxide. He understands that we take in oxygen during cellular respiration and we give off mostly carbon dioxide along with some nitrogen and oxygen. But....he wants to understand what percent is carbon dioxide during an exhale. He wants to compare your answer to the answers he's getting for his own cellular respiration data he's taken for his science fair project.
5026: One of my students recently heard on NPR about how transpiration of trees in the Amazon Rain Forest directly affects the weather and climate in region. She is wondering how this occurs. Could you shed some light on this and how the climate will change as a result of deforestation in that area? Thank you!
5027: What are mineral properties?
5028: If one assumes that Tyrannids nested and produced eggs similar to Ornitholestids, how thick would a tyrannosaur egg have to be, if the female weighed 12 tons?
5029: How much salt is needed in the ocean to make brine shrimp grow?
5030: What is the thing inside reptiles that allow them to heal? What is it made out of?
5031: What happens every 28 days in the reproductive system?
5032: How does Science work?
5033: How do scientists figure out what type of dinosaur it is?
5034: How is antimatter made?
5035: Global warming is causing the melting of glaciers. Consequences of this is that sea level is increasing but it is said that rainfall is decreasing in spite of increasing due to high evaporation rate made by increasing in the temperature of sunlight reaching Earth that causes evaporation. Why is it so?
5036: What different kind of polar bears are there?
5037: I want to know about NASA. Can you tell me about it?
5038: Does one of the gas giants have any destroyed moons?
5039: If space is constantly expanding, what exists beyond its boundaries? What is space expanding into?
5040: While we were working on a current of the world's oceans lab, Nathaniel came up with a question that I do not know the answer. I'm thinking this may come from more of an anthropology background and I am a geologist by nature. His question is: Why do different races of people have different eye shapes? For example: Peoples of Asian decent compared to Egyptian peoples, Mexican peoples, etc. The class started laughing because they felt that it was a "racist" thought but he was serious. I do not know if there is a scientific reason such as survival of the fittest for eye shape in northern or southern latitudes. Any help for my general science class? Thanks!
5041: What are the important facts about plastics?
5042: Who discovered baking soda and vinegar chemical reaction?
5043: In which type of rock are fossils most likely found?
5044: How does precipitation affect humans?
5045: How does oxygen get in the air?
5046: Hello I am a junior in high school and the question of what I want to major in ,in college comes up on a basis. I find it really frustrating because I really want to work in the fields of Science yet I really want to work in the fields of History. I really enjoy Geology. I also really love weather and working with animals, I would really love to know more about Meteorology or Zoology. Please help me and suggest some majors I could possibly be in. I'm sorry if this is really confusing, I am just as confused.
5047: What is Heat Transfer ?
5048: How does ADP get its phosphate back to become ATP?
5049: What makes the moon uninhabitable?
5050: Do you need goggles for the baking soda and vinegar experiment?
5051: What is water made out of?
5052: How will the melting of the glaciers on Greenland and Antarctica affect global circulation?
5053: If I was kicking a soccer ball on another planet in our solar system, besides gravity what other factors would impact its flight path? For example, is the drag the same? (Assuming the ball pressure remains constant. ) Where would I find estimates of planetary differences in drag? Thank you for your consideration of my question. Regards.
5054: Why is it hard to shoot a flat basket ball?
5055: What happens when you freeze fruit?
5056: How many plants do we need to test how chlorine effects plant growth and how much do we put in each plant?
5057: Hello my name is Ashton and I am doing a science project on influenza and how it is produced. Do you think that it is important to make sure that I am testing people with the flu and things they are around? Also do you have any advice for this project?
5058: Can petrified fossils form when the minerals in water make a copy of the organism?
5059: Have been elements made / discovered since 2000? How many and which are they ? Why do they have substituting names in case they don't exist?
5060: Is the sky bluer when you look straight up at it or from far away?
5061: Are there new planets out there but people don't discover them? I just wonder whats out there.
5062: What are your daily responsibilities as a scientist and what educational requirements do you have in order to become a scientist?
5063: If the sun is a star, why doesn't it explode?
5064: Why do we think the way we do? What is it in our brains that allows us to not only process information, but allows us to imagine or have emotion? Theoretically, what would separate a naturally developed brain from one 3d printed from stem cells in terms of thought?
5065: Why is Pluto so small?
5066: Will a soccer ball bounce more times on natural soccer field style cut grass or artificial turf? In our experiment, natural grass had more bounces. That surprised us. Why would natural grass be bouncier? I can't find anything explaining why that happened scientifically. There is tons of info on why balls bounce and the physics behind it, but no info on why the bounce is different. We thought artificial grass would bounce more because of the rubber. I am thinking the natural grass surface is harder so that would make the ball bounce more, but not sure how to explain that scientifically.
5067: What is the Milky Way?
5068: Why do plants need carbon dioxide?
5069:

Does hydrogen peroxide have cellular damage to Citrobacter bacteria?

I am a Water Treatment Operator and have thought about using Hydrogen Peroxide as a form of disinfection hoping that the creation of hydroxyl radicals will be what eliminates the bacteria problem I have in a water well. However, I was reading that these types of facultative bacteria also have an enzyme called "catalase" that catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide to O2 and water.

Will the catalase eventually cease its reactions and allow for the Hydrogen Peroxide to begin its cellular damage to the bacteria?


5070: What is the difference between elastic potential energy and other forms of potential energy?
5071: Does the magnetic field affect gravity?
5072: What does it cause a magnet to move an object when the magnet moves?
5073: Why is wood not considered to be alive?
5074: Why do we call earth "Earth" when from a satellites view its mostly water?
5075: Why do we need Vitamin D?
5076: How do I show that the reaction of baking soda and vinegar is the sum of its parts? This explanation needs to be easy enough for 5th graders to understand, please.
5077: Does tea and/or coffee stain your teeth?
5078: If a cloud of hydrogen and helium were squeezed together until it heated to a temperature of about 10 million °C, what would happened?
5079: What temperature is the earth's crust?
5080: I heard that when particles are accelerated to light speed (300000 km/h), then collide, it opens a warp in spacetime, like a miniature black hole. Is this true? Also, could we use this information to tell what is in a black hole?
5081: If the statement "Heat Rises" is true...then, why is the north colder than the south?
5082: Why can Sea animals breathe under water and we can't?
5083: Do insecticides stunt plant growth?
5084: How does the scarcity and over abundance of WATER influence or affect PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
5085: If the moon has so little gravity how does it have such a force on our tides?
5086: What is the term that describes a focal point for formation of crystals? For example, the stick or string used to make rock candy, or the pine needles lying on top of my pond.
5087: Hello. I'm doing a research paper on what career we are interested in. At first I researched Animal Biology/Zoology. But I noticed that Animal Biology isn't exactly what I want. What I want to do is be the person to take care of the wild animals, nurse sick animals back to health, take care of baby animals, and treat the injured animals. I want to work with wild animals, be in the field or in the office taking care of them.But I'm not sure exactly what career to research. Animal Biologist? Zoologist? Wildlife Veterinarian? What do I have to do to get there? Like what degrees? What does this career pay? What education would I need and what classes should I take? If you could please answer these questions and give me a lot of information about a Wildlife Veterinarian that would be great. Thank you.
5088: My project is "The Effects of Cold Preservation on the Vitamin C Levels Present in Bell Peppers". I understand how vitamin C oxidizes and I found that freezing bell peppers degrades the vitamin C in them. I don't understand how freezing effects the oxidation process. Can you help me understand? Thank you
5089: Are tachyons real?
5090: Is WiFi matter?
5091: What is in a Bounce sheet that we put in the dryer to reduce the static electricity?
5092: Is electricity matter? I have found many different websites that say it is, but others say that it isn't. Would you please clear this up?
5093: Why do we get heat from lights?
5094: Why is people's poop brown?
5095: Do ocean wind/currents affect temperature?
5096: What chemicals do explode?
5097: Where did the moon come from?
5098: How can we know that something is matter or not?
5099: How can we know that something is matter or not?
5100: What is a mineral? What are minerals made up of?
5101: Why does craters disappear on gaseous planets?
5102: If a tree falls in a forest does it make sound?
5103: Why don't we collapse under the weight of the atmosphere?
5104: It is often said that we get our energy from food by breaking down the bonds in glucose molecules. How is energy 'stored' in these bonds? And what is the role of ATP in carrying energy? What, on the molecular level makes ATP so special to be called the 'energy currency'? Thank you!
5105: Why does liquid magnet (ferro-fluid) spike up when it feels a magnet?
5106: How can we help people from staying away from deadly chemicals?
5107: How does an electric current attract paper clips?
5108: What is a ferro-fluid?
5109: Why do waves change speed as they travel through earths layers?
5110: Why sugar crystals grow in cubic form?
5111: Why does the moon have the most craters?
5112: How long does it take the sun's light to reach Earth?
5113: How did Ernest Rutherford discover the proton? What was his experiment?
5114: How do scientists know all about the earth?
5115: How would you get air in space?
5116: If objects are closer to each other, how does it effect the force of attraction/repulsion?
5117: Why human's eyes are in front and not on sides like birds?
5118: Why chromosomes differ in length ? Why one arm is shorter and one in longer (except metacentric). What is the reason for this design ?
5119: Why can mealworms eat Styrofoam?
5120: Why dose baking soda and coke react at the time?
5121: Why are some bananas green?
5122: What are all the bad gases to breath and which ones can kill you?
5123: What would happen if the universe exploded?
5124: I'm a teacher and I've discussed this question with my department and we haven't come to a consensus. Is it possible for a sedimentary rock to become an igneous without becoming metamorphic first? Since melting is not instantaneous, would it technically become metamorphic before igneous, even if melting happens rapidly?
5125: How close or, far out is science in creating a plan to help advance the repairing of the ozone layer?
5126: A few years ago, I witnessed a demonstration where a Flask was continuously filled from an Oxygen Bottle (Welding System) at a low flow After it was filled with the Gas a steel spatula was lower down the neck of the flask. This spatula was half filled with what I believe where carbon or graphite granules. The spatula was tapped on the inside wall of the flask and small amounts of carbon would fall to the base of the flask When tapping the side of the glass and when falling to the base of the flask, they flashed and burnt. You could continue to do this until the spatula was empty. I have tried to replicate this but to no avail. Do you know the SECRET or am I missing something Maybe the carbon had an additive? Can you give an explanation so that I can replicate this test? I need it to show our artisans the hazards of working with Oxygen (Concentrated). Hope you can help. Regards
5127: What would happen if Earth were to lose both human and animal lives, would Earth become another planet or still be Earth?
5128: Why is it so hard for scientists to prove that Earth has layers?
5129: Why does science matter?
5130: I'm doing a project on supercells for science class and some information I get have phrases I don't understand. For example, what is a flank line? Some websites state it's really an important part of understanding what makes supercell storms unique.
5131: I have recently found a bit of information on the Horse head Nebula. I was wondering if you know of any credible sources I could use.
5132: How does DNA fingerprinting work? How do they do it? Thanks!
5133: What is DNA fingerprinting?
5134: How does DNA fingerprinting work?
5135: How do the brain store memory?
5136: What is a volcanic lighting and how does it happen?
5137: How does a fire rainbow sit in the sky all bunched up unlike a normal rainbow?
5138: How are solar flares related to the magnetic plea on Earth? How do they work?
5139: I am doing a project on hurricanes and I need to know how tall a hurricane can be and what the biggest hurricane was?
5140: Are there any evidence against continental drift?
5141: Do heavier objects fall in less time?
5142: Hello! I'm doing a project on DNA fingerprinting for the last project of the trimester. When you studied about DNA fingerprinting, what was your favorite part? Or do you have any other interesting information? :) Thanks :)
5143: To my understanding, General Relativity allows matter to bends space-time with it's density and collection of mass. If this is the reason as to why planets orbit around stars, why don't they lose energy and fall into the strongest density point? Is there a force that prevents orbiting objects from oscillating inward, or are they already doing it at a incredibly slow rate?
5144: Can plants grow without soil?
5145: Why can light pass through glass?
5146: Why is the atmosphere of Venus more friendly to plant than humans?
5147: Do ghosts exist?
5148: Why do some plants survive better with little water?
5149: What are the most things that the scientists use in order to do their work?
5150: If autotrophs can make their own food, why do they have any nutritional requirements?
5151: How dose a magnet work?
5152: I am trying to find a way to collect rainwater and preserve it's pH so that it can be titrated to find the Molar concentration and then the pH. (No cheating with a pH probe :)!) I have searched and not found a direct answer to be sure that the collect rainwater does not change pH levels. I have no specialized equipment... Any suggestions? Thanks for any help you can offer!
5153: What natural elements float with buoyancy?
5154: Memory B and T cells are meant to last for a lifetime, but what happens when they are no longer needed in the body? Do they undergo Apoptosis? (Reference to the Immune System)
5155: Why should we explore Saturn?
5156: How does the study of Geology help scientists understand the function of the earth's composition?
5157: Why does it happen an eclipse between the moon and the sun?
5158: How many limbs can a starfish have before dying?
5159: Why am I black? I want to know.
5160: Where and why do plants grow better, in the darkness or in the light?
5161: Why do astronomers use astronomical units to measure distances in our solar system?
5162: What is a scientist?
5163: How does the quantity of sugar affect the time for sugar crystals to form?
5164: What is gravitational pull on Earth?
5165: Why is there life on earth?
5166: Which is more dangerous, a deep earthquake or a shallow earthquake?
5167: Why do animals leave seeds behind?
5168: Did dinosaurs exist in Los Angeles?
5169: If I mix 1 part pure gold with 1,000 parts water will the water turn blood red?
5170: I recently read here that high performance military jets use kerosene for fuel due to it's higher energy density. If these planes can use kerosene, why do 'normal' jet engines use high octane jet fuel? Am I missing something? Thanks!
5171: How many wavelengths would you need to have in the photo receptors to make color vision like humans?
5172: Is the Bermuda Triangle a portal?
5173: How many senses do snails have?
5174: Please tell me specifically how the colors reflect, and absorb heat?
5175: I want to learn how snails lay eggs and what is the temperature they need, so my snail Neille can lay eggs too.
5176: If I was doing an experiment on crystallization, and I wanted to add an acid to cause the sucrose to break apart, the crystallization wouldn't occur, right? Because it causes there to be different molecules in the solution and they won't bond together, therefore, there would not be any crystallization. I am doing an experiment for class and want to know, if I added an acid, for example lemon juice, what would happen? Would it be a good experiment? Thank you for even taking the time to read my question. Have a great day!
5177: How do magnifiers make things look bigger or more clear?
5178: Which planet is lighter, Saturn or Neptune?
5179: Can plants live on a light bulb or do they need sunlight?
5180: Is every star a planet?
5181: My teacher put carbon dioxide in one balloon and air in another balloon. When he dropped the two balloons from the ceiling, the carbon dioxide balloon always landed first. I thought they should land at the same time. Why is that?
5182: Does oxygen burn?
5183: Why is it important that the end result of the process of meiosis is sex cells that contain half the amount of DNA that is in body cells?
5184: Did Rodinia or Pannotia ever exist?
5185: Dear science line, I am doing the P.Y.P exhibition and my group is working on nuclear power and control. We were wondering why do we have nuclear power and weapons? Sincerely, Aiden.
5186: I have few questions to ask about for my project which is a solar cooker. Firstly, I would like to know any materials that are suitable to absorb heat. The solar cooker that I'm about to make has to only heat or boil the water so I would love to know any material that is suitable to absorb heat. Next, I made a thermal paste (toothpaste and Vaseline) but it didn't seem to work. I am sure that the quantity used is correct so I would love to know any alternative paste that I can use instead. If possible please give any relevant information regarding this project. To build this project I'm not allowed to use metal, mirror and glass. Thank you very much and hope you could answer me as fast as possible.
5187: Earlier humans had a tail with appendix bone. But now the tail has disappeared. Why?
5188: Do we have to worry? Is the sun going to explode before we die?
5189: Has the Mars Rover find life on Mars?
5190: What is in saltwater to make it take a long time to freeze?
5191: Do you weigh one sixth of what you weigh on earth when you are on the moon?
5192: My son is doing a science experiment on which color of shirt dries the fastest - black, red, blue, white. Of course he hypothesized that the black shirt would dry the fastest. He also got many helpful info regarding his topic on your wonderful site.BUT, he really have to perform the procedure and test by measuring the amount of moisture on all shirts when left outside to dry. What would be the best way to measure the amount of moisture? He thought about getting a soil or wood/humidity meter but he is not sure if that would work, he plans on sticking it to the fabric, wrapping it around, but it might not give an accurate reading. He did further research and came across a portable moisture meter that is industrial grade and is used in the textile industry (this would really work because the device has a ring that can be gently rubbed on the cloth and has an indicator if its wet or dry) but the $$$$ is way out of reach---starts at $1200! So he saw your site and is asking for your help on other ways to measure the moisture content of a 100% cotton shirt. Thanks in advance for your help.
5193: Is Pluto made of gas or a solid?
5194: What causes grass when cut to have an odor? What is the ingredient that causes the odor. I am really not allergic to the grass but the odor. Also, does chlorophyll have an odor? Your answer will be of great help to me. Thank you.
5195: Can humans live on the sun why or why not?
5196: What is likely to happen to a water molecule entering the granum in the process photosynthesis?
5197: Are black holes an illusion?
5198: How do deep sea fishes survive in such water pressure?
5199: Can we invent a machine which could launched in that part of the sky where pollution is intense and by that machine we can use pollution as a source of energy to generate electricity?
5200: Has a dinosaur ever been found that was split between two continents? As in, part of the body found on one continent and the rest on another continent?
5201: How salty dose the ocean have to be for an egg to float?
5202: If we throw a ball vertically downwards on the ground, is the force of that ball absorbed by the ground?
5203: Does photosynthesis really has to involve water?
5204: What is the different between alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and their cycles?
5205: How did different race and languages become about, if we all come from Africa?
5206: Why do earth worms come out when it rains?
5207: What filled in the impact craters on the moon and mercury?
5208: How does salinity, water temperature, depth, waves, tides, and ocean currents affect starfish?
5209: Between which lines on a ray diagram will you measure an angle of reflection?
5210: Can we use nuclear energy in our homes?
5211: How much deep from earth surface has emerald been found in the world?
5212: I would like to know what causes the redness in my mom's eyes and a green flashing light?
5213: I would like to know what causes the redness and a green flashing light in my mom's eyes.
5214: I have set an experiment to investigate respiration in germinating seed. The experiment is set as follows: a capillary tube which has the indicator fluid is inserted into a test tube containing soda lime and a germinating seed. What will happen to the indicator fluid in the capillary tube after one hour?
5215: Is a cell wall alive?
5216: What are steam engines made of?
5217: If light is traveling at 186000 mph and is absolute. How can it reflect without being shattered into other elements or destroying the object it hit? Also how can it reflect and maintain its same speed and frequency?
5218: Do objects in darker color reflect or absorb the most light?
5219: If Earth were to lose its magnetic field, how fast would the atmosphere leak into space? Will it take days, months, years for the gasses to be blown away by the solar winds?
5220: What type of problems would result if everyone heated their home with coal?
5221: I am doing a research about a species that has gone extinct and I figured out that the species have grown a certain way because of "fossorial tendencies." I have tried everything to know what that is. If you can please inform me of what fossorial tendencies is, I would appreciate it very much.
5222: How did the sun form?
5223: What would life be without oxygen and what do we need oxygen for?
5224: Which color of filters block ultraviolet light?
5225: What causes flower reproduction?
5226: What liquids do electrolytes pass through?
5227: What is weather?
5228: What is the largest modern animal on the Earth?
5229: Why is the sun growing?
5230: Suppose that scientists found parts of the DNA from a dinosaur, what information would this discovery provide to the scientists? What information would it not give them?
5231: What is mitochondria?
5232: Can you give me an example of a lava dome volcano?
5233: Why dinosaurs become extinct?
5234: What effects does sunlight have on colors (particularly black or dark)?
5235: What is sperm?
5236: Do Triplets occur naturally?
5237: How can I get a seed from a plant or a tree?
5238: How does oxygen help fire to stay burning?
5239: What are ways for our eyes to see better with?
5240: What is a virtual particle and its relationship with quantum field theory?
5241: Does the color of the light bulb affect the temperature around it?
5242: What is an acid?
5243: How does thermal conductivity varies in different types of metals: copper, aluminum, steel wires?
5244: How long does it take to get to Titan from Earth in a rocket that's going 2,500 miles per hour?
5245: What is a Planck unit?
5246: Can you tell me facts about the alligator snapping turtles?
5247: If you had an object hovering in a school bus and the school bus moved. Would the object move with the air in the bus or hit the back window? Also, would the outcome be different if the windows were open or closed?
5248: Can you influence dreams?
5249: What animals besides humans prey on angler fish?
5250: Why does tapping a soda can minimize explosions? Does tapping the sides also help?
5251: Why the speed of light is the absolute speed limit in the universe?
5252: What effect does the moon on its axis have on marine life?
5253: I am teaching an upper-level environmental science course, the lecture is on photosynthesis, respiration, and global climate change. A student in the class, in looking at the chemical equations for both processes, is trying to reason things through about the impact that increased levels of CO2 might have on the levels of oxygen in the atmosphere. The student can make an argument that the oxygen levels will decrease, but can also provide a counter argument that it will increase. The student is thoroughly confused and really frustrated. How do you help your student with this?
5254: How do flowers know when to bloom?
5255: Does the sun change temperature throughout the day? If this happens, what is the rate of change per hour/day?
5256: Does carbonation affect how fast a liquid evaporates?
5257: Why do a lot of people die from cancer? My aunt yesterday die from cancer in my own arm.
5258: What is a submarine made of. And how could we make it better?
5259: When water is boiling, what is it precisely that is inside the bubbles being produced? What substance and what phase?
5260: What type of damage can tornadoes do?
5261: Suppose a tank of carbon gas in a hospital has a leak. Will the gas be found near the floor or near the ceiling? Why?
5262: What is most likely to happen if we did not have a stomach?
5263: What would happen if the cell cycle would not take place?
5264: How do species change over time?
5265: Questions for expert regarding Climate Change.
1.What are a couple of examples of how animals have changed because of climate change?
2. What is some evidence that proves that climate change is happening?
3. Can people die because of too much carbon in the atmosphere?
4. Where is climate change effecting in the world the most?
In your opinion, can climate change be stopped?
5. What year is climate change going to stop?
We are in an investigation project for school and are trying to get these questions answered by Tuesday, May 31. If you are able to answer them, we would REALLY appreciate it and were wondering if we could also add a picture of you as our expert that we asked questions from. If that is fine, can you also send a picture with your answers. We are using our teachers email because we do not have one. Thank you sooooo much.

5266: What is an anus?
5267: Were the dinosaurs the first animals alive on Earth? If not which was the first animal alive on Earth? What species?
5268: When baking soda reacts with vinegar they produce carbon dioxide. How can you identify that gas?
5269: What kind of animals live in the hadal zone, the deepest part of the ocean? I cannot find the answer.
5270: Why does sand react to lighting?
5271: Who was the first person(s) alive, what was her/his name, what year were they born and pass away?
5272: When will the next rocket go to space?
5273: How does gravity affect plants and NON-Living things?
5274: Will an iPhone charge with a watermelon?
5275: On a weather map , how can you tell what direction a front is moving?
5276: What is the function of the folds within the mitochondria?
5277: What is the difference between the sporophyte generation and the gametophyte generation of a plant?
5278: What is the vitamin required in order for our bodies to have a good eyesight?
5279: Where do unicorns and horses and flying unicorns can be found?
5280: Which has more genetic information, a body cell or a gamete?
5281:

1. How do tsunamis happen?
2. How long do tsunamis last?
3. What is the difference between a tsunami and a hurricane?
4. What are the similarities of a hurricane and a tsunami?
5. Where do tsunamis happen most in the world?
6. Which is most destructive, a tsunami or a hurricane?

5282: Do all snakes hibernate?
What Skeletal/Muscular systems contribute to their movement?
How do snake species inject venom and do they all inject venom the same way?
Thank you for taking the time out of your busy day to answer my questions. I would personally like to thank you for all your hard work that you do to preserve wildlife through out the world.

5283: Hello, I was reading the Q&A about how gold was formed. It seems there are "theories" of gold being formed in a supernova explosion. Is this theory or fact?
5284: How do pitcher plants collect the sun for food?
5285: After the Big Bang, they say the Universe expanded (inflation) and cooled. Isn't heat the energy that makes molecules move faster? How can a universe "cool" if it's not made up of atoms? Can energy "cool"? As the universe cooled, did energy convert into more Hydrogen gas or did all the Hydrogen in the Universe get created from the start? When the energy of the Big Bang "cooled", did it coalesce into matter?
5286: I seem to recall reading somewhere that crystal clear sea water was not actually a good indicator of a healthy environment from a wildlife perspective. My understanding is that crystal clear water is that way because it contains no sediment/nutrients (which make the water cloudy) and therefore, nothing for microbial life to consume. This in turn feeds up the food chain meaning that, while clear water appears ideal from a human perspective, the reverse is actually true and that it is bad from an ecological point of view?
Can you confirm this?
Thanks

5287: If you could somehow create a 'vacuum' around your home, would that stop the transfer of heat and cold in and out of the structure?
5288: Why are plants important?
5289: What plants need the most in order to survive?
5290: Why are all humans different? We are all animals. Is it because are we different species or race?
5291: Why was the Big Bang?
5292: What does it happen after the magma is formed?
5293: How many vertebrae does a blue whale have? Do all blue whales have the same number of vertebrae?
5294: How and why does conductive ink conduct? Is it possible that some day this conductive ink will replace copper, gold or silver on board circuits?
5295: About one-two years ago I stared at the sun until I saw a full circle. When I looked back down at earth, it was dark for about a minute. I closed my eyes during this time. When I opened my eyes, everything was normal - no pain, no darkness. Was that even normal?
5296: How and why does conductive ink conduct? Is it possible that someday this conductive ink will replace copper, gold or silver on board circuits?
5297: What is a vacuole?
5298: Why does light affect the rate of photosynthesis?
5299: Why will a person/animal (i.e. dog) continue to travel in a straight line while jumping (assuming initial trajectory to be a straight line) despite twisting motion? (i.e. attempt to twist left/right when viewed from above)? Intuitively I know it is not possible to alter the trajectory without input of an external force, I just don't know how to really explain it.
5300: Why are dogs used to detect drugs or illegal substances at airports?
5301: About how much oxygen will be needed as a fuel in order to get to Jupiter or Pluto ?
5302: Hi,I just thought of one reason why ships and aircraft sink in Bermuda triangle. I thought that probably because ships are made up of metals and magnets attract metals, is there the possibility that there are magnets inside the sea that are capable of attracting ships? In that case, I don't know how magnets came there.
5303: Can you explain me the reason for the strong earthquake in Italy a few days ago? Why this earthquake did destroy so much?
5304: How much time does it take for life to first appear on a fresh lava flow, if the lava flow is near the equator? Or if you see grass and or ferns starting to grow on a lava flow; what can you say about the age of the lava flow?
5305: I am doing a research project that has to do with finding how efficient certain substances are at lowering the freezing point of water (freezing point depression) compared to other substances. So far, my research has showed that I can use the formula "ΔTF = KF · b · I" for ideal solutions. If the solution isn't ideal, then the ΔTF is altered from the standard calculation. What solutes can I mix with water that would result in an ideal or near-ideal solution?
5306: I am doing a science fair project on "Which waterproof mascara is most water proof?" What is a polymers? What does it mean hydrophobic? What is the chemical that makes the mascara water proof? I am having some trouble. Can you help me?
5307: Why do cats have an extra toe on their front paws?
5308: I wonder why we have thunders?
5309: What came first the chicken or the egg?
5310: What is the eye of the storm?
5311: I wonder why overtime my hair stopped being curly and is now wavy.
5312: When will the 6.5 earthquake hit Santa Barbara?
5313: How was the earth created?
5314: How do tornadoes form?
5315: Why are cats so flexible?
5316: Does the size of the moon effect how big the ocean waves are?
5317: Why is the sea really clear in some places and not in others?
5318: Does the change in weather affect the magnitude in an earthquake?
5319: How do stars ignite?
5320: Is there any life outside our solar system? How will we know? When will we be able to know?
5321: How does mental health conditions like schizophrenia occur? How does it get into your brain?
5322: Why are people able to remember things with their brain but forget them when they get severely brain-damaged?
5323: What are the mechanisms behind human speech?
5324: What is the mechanism behind fear?
5325: How are dogs still 99% wolf, after all of the genetic engineering humans have done on them? Is the wolf in them always there, or is it triggered?
5326: Is the universe endless? And if it isn't how big is it and is it just a big wall or like a planet?
5327: How do droughts happen?
5328: Not including humans what is the most civilized species?
5329: Why is some ice dark blue while others are light blue or white?
5330: I wonder if the myth that cats always land on their feet is true. Why?
5331: Is cancer hereditary? If so, how can you prevent it?
5332: How does a television remote send a signal to the receiver, and how does the receiver pick up the signal?
5333: Why does it take so long for trees to grow?
5334: Why do clouds appear to have a fluffy kind of look?
5335: Why can't some animals not sweat?
5336: Does science have an estimate on the size of Outer Space, and if so how far?
5337: How long will it take for the brains of animals to be as evolved as the human brain?
5338: Why do people kill each other?
5339: Can you genetically engineer a dog to make it bigger?
5340: How are trees able to live so long without dying?
5341: How was the first animal tamed?
5342: If we cant see atoms how do we know about them or how can we even see them?
5343: I wonder why are brain cells different then normal cells?
5344: Why does a soccer curve when you kick it? How does it happen?
5345: Why do sea anemones squish up when you touch them?
5346: I wonder why the water is warmer in certain parts of the world.
5347: Can other kinds of animals evolve like us? And can humans evolve more?
5348: Why does the gravity lessen in space? Is it because we are going away from the earth? Then why don't we just float away on the earth? Is it because of the atmosphere protecting us? If so, What if the Atmosphere didn't exist?
5349: I wonder why people and animals talk different languages
5350: Does the moon really affect our mood?
5351: Why do animals that live in salt water only survive in salt water and not in fresh water?
5352: I wonder why there are more boys than girls in different parts of the world?
5353: How fast do your nerves react?
5354: I have always wondered that when the world spins why people do not feel it spinning.
5355: Why animals have such strong immune systems compared to us (humans)?
5356: What will happen to the Earth in about a million years?
5357: Why does the moon change shapes?
5358: How do animals understand humans. How do they know there names and know when to come when called?
5359: How does a ball curve through the air?
5360: Why does gravity make you fall?
5361: Why do dogs' eyes change? Why do fishes change color and glow some times?
5362: Why does nitrogen freeze everything that it touches?
5363: How did Ocean life form, and why did they evolve?
5364: How do pictures go from a camera to a piece of picture paper?
5365: Where did we (human beings) come from? Are we monkeys? Are we fish or will we never know? I think we are monkeys but not a similar one as in the zoo, I think we are a type of monkey that we don't know about.
5366: How does the moon affect the tide?
5367: How do dogs understand people?
5368: Why do dogs breathe smell better than human breathe?
5369: Why does Earth have a core? Why does it orbit?
5370: Why do tortoises live so long ?
5371: Why do plants need water to survive?
5372: Why is glass so brittle?
5373: How did dogs adapt to humans?
5374: Why is the ocean so salty?
5375: How do we know about atoms? How do we know they are there?
5376: How deadly is the flu virus?
5377: What happens when you mix sodium and bleach?
5378: How was everything on Earth created form two asteroids "hitting" each other?
5379: How do earthquakes form?
5380: Is our air from our breath hot or cold? If the air that comes out from our breath is hot then why we try to blow the hot food to make it cooler? But if it is cold, so why then when we feel cold we start to blow our hands to get warmer?
5381: Can you tell me how water is bonded together and the unique properties that result from those bonds?
5382: Why can't women produce sperm?
5383: How do I Program Robots?
5384: Does space ever end?
5385: If you brought a moon rock home to earth, and took it out of it's vacuum container, would it explode or implode?
5386: What does oxygen in plants mean?
5387: What would happen if the plant cell could not get rid of waste materials built up in photosynthesis?
5388: Will the prolonged drought in California affect the propagation of different waves during an earthquake? Would the significant drop in soil moisture make the strata more or less rigid thereby affecting the velocity of the different waves associated with the quake? This question was asked by a colleague of mine while researching the Earth Science standards for Next Generation Science Standard, so it's more advanced than a normal question from a high school student!
5389: What keeps earth from falling into the sun?
5390: What factors keep a planet in orbit around the sun?
5391: How are birds similar to dinosaurs?
5392: Why do things give us the creeps?
5393: How do voices work?
5394: Are there other planets in space, other than the ones we know?
5395: What parts of a plant need water?
5396: What organism is all multicellular?
5397: How do scientists measure precipitation?
5398: Can matter be created or destroyed when a chemical change occurs?
5399: How does the sun produce wind and surface ocean currents on earth?
5400: Why are semi metals (conductors) used in making photo electric cells ,transistors and microchips in computers?
5401: Besides Hyenas, vultures, and sharks, which other animals have the strongest stomach acids? Thanks.
5402: I was wondering if a caterpillar could make more than one cocoon? My daughter brought me a caterpillar the other day and it had something coming out from it. I thought something was stuck to it so went to pick it off, and a huge train of stuff came out of the caterpillar, which now I know the caterpillar was just about to make the cocoon with it. I feel terrible, like I ruined it's chances of being a butterfly. I was hoping it could make another one? I really feel awful. Thank you
5403: Can photosynthesis and respiration create a cycle of energy? Why?
5404: Can and how does eye color effect the way you see colors? I've noticed that sometimes my friends will see a color differently that me, like I see dark orange and they see red.
5405: How much force does it take to hit a tennis ball? And if that is not good enough, how much force does it take to break a defective tennis ball?
5406: What are the three reasons Pluto is no longer considered a planet?
5407: Does the moon rotates South to North or North to South?
5408: Does the sun help plants grow? IF it does, then how?
5409: How did plants first came to Earth? How were plants made? Can other plants grow on other planets and be eaten? That would be awesome.
5410: How does printer ink dry so fast? What is it's chemical makeup and what part of it causes it to dry so quickly?
5411: What is spinosaurus spine (sail) for?
5412: If the universe is in a constant quest to reach an equilibrium, and lets say it finally does reach this point, what will happen?
5413: Do fish have blood? Why do not we see blood when we eat fish? When we eat read meat we see the blood, why not in fish?
5414: Is the Coriolis force affected by climate change on Earth?
5415: Does the color of a shirt affect the amount of heat it absorbs?
5416: How is Science beneficial to the Nation?
5417: Is there really two suns being discovered around planet Earth? If so where are they siting? Please send pics or video links. Thank you!
5418: Where are the location and electron carriers and terminal electron acceptors within Photosystem II (P680)?
5419: Does temperature impact a balloon?
5420: Can you give me examples for chemical and physical properties and changes?
5421: Is there a way for someone to live with lung cancer?
5422: Who proved that the theory of Continental drift was correct? How did he/she explain how the plates move?
5423: Are the ocean tides and waves connected to the planets and stars?
5424: I wonder if vinegar and baking soda will blow up a balloon without exploding, and turning into a chemical reaction?
5425: What animal or animals use its/their color to attract attention?
5426: If the sun ever blow up, will people still be on Earth or will it be the end of the world?
5427: If you deliberately drilled a huge hole at the North Pole, and allowed all the earth's magma to spill out, as the earth tilted, could the weight shift, cause the earth to "flip" upside down, thus causing a reversal? Sounds plausible to me.
5428: Where does fantail goldfish live?
5429: Radiation from space hits Earth every day. The radiation particles are moving faster than light and colliding with Earth. How can you slow down these particles? And one last question can chemical energy from chlorophyll in plants be converted into electrical energy? Please answer my question it will be really helpful to get a good response.
5430: Which color light affects plant growth the most, red, yellow, blue, or green?
5431: If a plant is placed upside-down, which direction will the stem grow as a result of gravitropism?
5432: What homemade remedy do you believe will work best to cease apples from browning when cut? How do you suggest I test multiple substances to prove if there is a certain one that reduces apple browning more?
5433: What is the reaction when adding HCl to sodium bicarbonate? Then adding in sodium hydroxide creates a precipitation.
5434: How does temperature affect the growth of sugar crystals?
5435: How do brain diseases happen? Diseases like Bipolar Disorder and Major Depression. How do some people get it while others don't? Does it happen with a family line or just random?
5436: Where do the lithosphere and the asthenosphere do coposition?
5437: Can the moon turn full between rising and setting?
5438: In space gravitational force acts, then why we can not write with pencil /pen in space(outside the earths orbit)?
5439: Why doesn't dry ice melt?
5440: Can you explain to me how a thermometer works in terms of molecules and conduction?
5441: What is density?
5442: When a LED bulb is touching lemon juice will the bulb glow?
5443: What is the average radius of the sun, in meters?
5444: What is the hottest star within 20 light years of Earth?
5445: Where does sunlight fade paper first, in books or in magazines?
5446: Which are the names of scientists who study fossils?
5447: In which way do air conditioners contribute to harm our environment and to global warming?
5448: How do snails dig holes?
5449: How can you find glitches in programming without having to go through it manually and run the program a lot?
5450: Will helium gas, CO2, or nitrogen affect the size of a marshmallow, and how?
5451: What makes lava hot?
5452: Does many people die from tsunami?
5453: How long does it take for frozen yogurt to melt in room temperature?
5454: What chemicals or materials are in lip gloss?
5455: How fast can neurons transmit through your body for the nervous system to function? Thanks
5456: How does electricity affect magnets?
5457: How does chemosynthesis help organisms?
5458: How and why does nail polish and vegetable oil form slime?
5459: Why does our moon "control" tide waves? It just plain out baffles me.
5460: What would be the devastation of the most powerful nuclear bomb dropped on New York City, within 2 miles, within 6 miles, within 10 miles, within 30 miles?
5461: I have enjoyed reading and learning from your UCSB science line web site. I work with Jean-Michel Cousteau’s Ocean Futures Society (OFS) located in Santa Barbara. I teach tropical biology programs through OFS and the subject came up with a student a while back about the advantage of uric acid excretion in birds. Here is the question: since bird embryos must live with their waste in the egg, isn’t a big evolutionary advantage of excreting uric acid a reduction in self pollution of nitrogenous waste in the egg. Since water is limited and there is no way to get rid of ammonia or urea, uric acid is logically the best and only safe way to deal with such waste in the egg.

I’ve looked on line and in some text books and not been able to find an answer to this question. Your help would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks

5462: Is there comets or asteroids we don't know about that could be on a collision course with Earth? If so do we have a plan to divert them?
5463: Why is pollution bad? And what will happen if we continue life as we already do with the same pollution rates as we do today?
5464: Why does the solution of vinegar and baking soda turn cold?
5465: Why does baking soda stay at the bottom when we were doing the experiment by putting baking soda with vinegar?
5466: What causes reactions in baking soda?
5467: Based on a research in Norway, "... the Barents Sea and what they found could offer a viable scientific reason behind the Bermuda Triangle phenomenon. 'Multiple giant craters exist on the sea floor in an area in the west-central Barents Sea ... and are probably a cause of enormous blowouts of gas,' researchers told the Sunday Times. The craters in question were a half a mile wide and 150 feet deep, the Daily Mail reports. The researchers think methane leaking up through natural gas deposits caused the craters, meaning there wasn't just the gradual erosion but explosions of gas as well." Do you believe this could be a possible explanation behind the Bermuda Triangle phenomenon?
5468: Why is blue hotter than purple?
5469: I'm doing a speech on pesticides and how their a major factor in killing off bees. 1)Do the pros outweigh the cons of pesticides? 2)Is there anyway to make pesticides poisonous to a specific bug so it doesn't kill off other insects? 3)Are the bugs the pesticides being used for that disastrously bad on farms? Thank you.
5470: What are some ways that you can prevent conduction from happening? What are some materials that can help insulate things?
5471: When do people use nuclear energy?
5472: My mom had blood drawn from her arm at the doctor's, and it looked black. What does it mean black blood? Thank you for the answer.
5473: How can energy be stored?
5474: Can a spaceship land on Jupiter?
5475: Does a baseball go farther with a metal or wood bat?
5476: How does electricity flow from a Lemon to a Light Bulb?
5477: How many days (not years) would it take to get to Jupiter?
5478: If the Earth gained mass as it was going around the the sun - would the Earth have to speed up or slow down to stay in orbit?
5479: How do colors absorb light?
5480: Why is the sun the major source of energy for wind, air, and ocean currents?
5481: How many cells die per minute in an adult male?
5482: Just asking a quick question for my science fair project. I was wondering what the other ingredients in disinfectant sprays do. Ex.(dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, water, propane, isobutane, sodium nitrate, sodium benzoate, and soyethyl morpholinium ethosulfate. If you could just send a rundown of each of the ingredients, that would be amazing. Thank you. Sincerely,
5483: If marshmallows are exposed to air for a period of time, is it the air that draws out the water molecules in the marshmallow that makes them go stale? What is the chemical reaction to make a marshmallow stale?
5484: Where does the wind come from on Mars?
5485: Why didn't most geologists believe Alfred Wegener's theory?
5486: If objects of similar size and mass are thrown as hard as possible, such as a tennis ball and a baseball, which will travel a farther distance? How does mass affect the distance? Do lighter objects travel farther or heavier objects?
5487: Mitochondrial DNA does not contain genes for [self] replication. It's almost like the genes were edited out by the host cell. 1. How would this occur? 2. Do unused genes generally get dropped or rationalized if unused?
5488: Why do sunlight give off oxygen?
5489: Why do different colors of light have different energy levels?
5490: Does a hard boiled egg float at the same salt concentration as an uncooked one?
5491: Why will not the water be pulled out of the earth?
5492: Will the stars appear very bright in new moon day? Or full moon day?
5493: Is the colored light the result of an electron moving to or from the ground state?
5494: Where do plant cells live?
5495: What are the ocean currents that affect the United States?
5496: What is the ISS?
5497: What ingredients react to baking soda?
5498: What things in the 1960's finally helped to give Wegener's theory the proof it needed?
5499: How did oil form in Alaska and how did it shape Alaska?
5500: How do we get wind?
5501: Which freezes faster Tap water, distilled water or salt water? Would like some information on each to be able to show the difference in the three waters that would support which one would freeze first, second and third. Thank you!
5502: How is sapphire formed?
5503: What season do the lupine grow?
5504: Could life survive in/on an asteroid?
5505: Why does a kangaroo have a pouch?
5506: Hello my name is Dylan and I have to write a essay about spiders and I was wondering if you could be my interview.
Where do spiders live?
How many types of spiders are there?
What are the most common spiders in Tennessee?
Any other fun facts about spiders?

5507: I've heard that the moon pulls at the water on Earth, creating waves. How does it do that and why doesn't it effect smaller water sources such as puddles/streams?
5508: How do things explode?
5509: How should the rate of photosynthesis change if the amount of light reaching a leaf decrease?
5510: Do plants emit different levels of carbon dioxide at different stages of germination?
5511: How wide is Mars?
5512: Are all plant cells squares and all animal cells round in shape?
5513: Can air temperature affect the cooking efficiency of a solar oven?
5514: How salty does the sea have to be for an egg to float?
5515: Why do people have to take shots and medicine for diabetes?
5516: Are people born flexible?
5517: How does the mountain events changes or re-shape the earth's surface?
5518: I tested the electrical output of fruits and the kiwi put out the most, why?
5519: What is the evidence that support the theory of plate tectonics?
5520: This is Nick, a freshman at Tellico Plains High School, we are doing a science fair and I am doing a Baking Soda Bomb. Do you have any advice for me?
5521: Why are minerals important?
5522: When oxygen and hydrogen are gases, and they they combine, why do they create liquids, at room temperature?
5523: Who discovered the electron?
5524: Can animals survive if moved to a different ecosystem?
5525: Why can't something live without some type of genetic material?
5526: Why the tail of house lizard can grow again and that of cow cannot?
5527: What happens to the old chlorophyll when the leaves fall?
5528: Is there any planet in the universe that is bigger than the sun?
5529: I don't understand how nothing can stop instantly. I was told that if a bullet going 1000 mph was fired at a wall, even when it hit the wall, it would have to go through all the speeds from 1000-0. It couldn't instantly go from 1000->0. What really trips me out is how can the bullet be going 999 mph if, in fact, the bullet is not moving (since it hit the wall)?
5530: Why do plants need nutrients?
5531: I teach preschool and we have always done the baking soda vinegar explosion because kids love it and I am wondering if is there anything you can add to stop the reaction. I thought that this could be an exciting addition to the experiment. Thanks, Megan
5532: Why Carnot engines can never exist?
5533: What are the oceanic and continental crusts made out of and how did they "float" on the asthenosphere instead of sinking?
5534: How are plants made, and what are they made out of?
5535: If when you look, light goes from your eyes to an object back to you eyes. Then wouldn't it be possible to combine the electrons and neutrons so stuff would grow out from where you are looking. True you could\'t see it grow, that would be cool but it would be a faster way to make stuff made out of one material? What I'm trying to say is that you look at a spray or whatever, it would look white and when you look away or when it runs out or whatever there would be a wall of whatever element you made bigger depending on where you looked. I hope you try, research or just honor my request.
5536: Why is it not possible to see around corners?
5537: How to things that are so small and so limited in variety, such as quarks, protons, electrons, neutrons, and nucleotides, make up things that are so complicated and completely different, like elements and DNA?
5538: What keep the water hot?
5539: How do different sounds affect animal behavior?
5540: How were the galaxies and space created?
5541: If you could find a substance that repels oxygen and nitrogen to a certain degree, could you make that substance able to float? If you could stick it to stuff, could we have floating cars, amusement parks, and everything else you could imagine?
5542: Which scientist hypothesized the layers of Earth?
5543: If we traveled to the center of the earth, how often could we go?
5544: How is it beneficial to humans if scientists find out more about the layers of the earth?
5545: From your experience, what type of plants work best with organic fertilizer and as with inorganic?
5546: Do different colors of light change the color of a plants' petals or their growth?
5547: Did the Apollo spacecraft fly in a straight line before entering the moon's orbit? I was told the spacecraft kind of travels like a sailboat tacking through the water. Sometimes the Apollo would be on course then off course. Actually I was explained the Apollo traveled only "on course" 2% of the time.
5548: Can we describe viruses as being parasitic?
5549: Is it possible to make a black hole stretch and if so how?
5550: I am a 7th grade student at New Braunfels Middle School in New Braunfels, Texas. My partner and I are doing an English Language Arts project on the environment. We are required to contact an outside expert on a topic of our choosing. We have chosen Ozone Layer Depletion as our topic. We have come up with the following questions in need for your help:
1) Why is there a hole in the ozone layer over the coldest continent?
2) If we didn't have the ozone to protect us, how would our population suffer?
3) What are the best remedies to stop ozone layer depletion?


5551: My name is Charlotte and I am a biology student in 8th grade. We are doing an Independent Research Project, and my topic question is "What Enzyme causes gelatin to lose its setting properties and how, and what fruits contain this Enzyme in addition to pineapples?" I was wondering if you could provide me with more information on how you found out that the certain Enzyme that causes gelatin to stop working and how it does so. Thank you so much,
5552: Can fingerprints have more than one ridge?
5553: Does the pitcher plant give of oxygen?
5554: Why does the continental drift is not present anymore?
5555: Why are there stars that are bigger the the sun?
5556: How does bleaching powder works?
5557: If we would be able to cool Venus down and make it habitable, how would we benefit from it?
5558: Who discovered that black light absorbs heat better than lighter lights?
5559: Where does whales had/have their mammary gland?
5560: What happens to an object that absorbs a lot of light?
5561: Can a cell die without reproducing?
5562: How do hibernating animals like bears know when it is time to wake up?
5563: I have wanted to be a marine biologist for a long time and I want to work with marine animals but also I want to work with animals like elephants and pandas. Is there a way I could do both? Like major in marine biology and have a minor as zoology. Or would it be better to be a double major instead in something? I'm getting closer and closer to my senior year and I just need to figure this out so I can figure what else I need to do to get ready for it all.
5564: Why does the pool need chlorine and why does chlorine change the water color to blue?
5565: Are scientists still working on the difference between the red panda and the raccoon? In a book someone said you are still working on it.
5566: Why does blue food colored water is absorbed faster than any other colors in a white carnation flower?
5567: How running water under a sheet of ice can be colder than the freezing temperature? For instance, I have heard that fast moving water in a creek that is frozen over can be 20F. Is that correct? Thank you.
5568: Can a tsunami be big enough to hit the middle of a country at is biggest size?
5569: What would happen if all convection currents on Earth stopped?
5570: What is crust?
5571: What happens if you get bitten by a turtle?
5572: What are different ways a human being can get sick and how can you get rid of it?
5573: Why are magnetic fields produced by electric currents? What happens at the level of the electrons flowing that the magnetic fields appear? Can you explain to me?
5574: Do steelhead spawn in the streams on the channel Islands? Santa Cruz Island has perennial streams/creeks that have never been barricaded so the fish's reproductive behavior has never been affected (like what we see on the mainland). If they do spawn there why don't we ever hear about it? If they do not spawn there, why not?
5575: How much time does it take for an ice cube to melt completely?
5576: Does the sun explode?
5577: What is the skin cells purpose?
5578: How does the sun's gravity affect the other planet's orbit?
5579: How do leaves use carbon dioxide and give off oxygen? (Not plants, but leaves).
5580: I saw a picture yesterday on the newspaper online of lava flowing from rocks in Hawaii. How is this possible?
5581: Why does the earth have different layers?
5582: So, I decided to do a science project using vinegar and baking soda to inflate a balloon. I blew one balloon up with my oxygen and another with the baking soda and vinegar. I would like to know why when I pop the balloon with my oxygen the balloon makes a louder sound that the one with the vinegar and baking soda?
5583: Hello! I am doing a school project on trees. I saw your article on the question "How come plants produce oxygen even though they need oxygen for respiration?" I have a similar question. I am wondering if there is a way to make trees produce more oxygen. I know that they produce oxygen during their photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight but I wonder if there is any way to make them produce more by giving them large amounts of those things. Thank you for your consideration of my question.
5584: What is a molecule of uranium made of?
5585: The current that runs along the East Coast eventually reaches England. England is at the same latitude as far north as Canada and Northern Europe, yet it has a much more mild climate. Then why does England has a milder climate?
5586: How do I prove that energy from the sun is now energy in animals' food?
5587: Normally our body burns calories to keep us warm. When we feel cold, does our body burn more calories than usual? Do we need to burn more calories during winter just to keep our bodies at our normal temperature? If a person gets an infection and the body temperature rises, do we need to burn more calories in order to increase the temperature?
5588: What things can change into three states of matter other than water?
5589: What is a penguin?
5590: Which are factors that does not affect fossilization?
5591: In plants Can O2 be produced without CO2 consumption?
5592: How the extreme weather affects non-living things?
5593: I am curious if dolphins ever have itches?
5594: Why does a leopard need its spotted coat?
5595: What would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the amount of water and carbon dioxide decreased?
5596: Does light have any effect on how much a crystal grows?
5597: What are the differences between the structure and function of plant and animal cell organelles? In other words...What are all the organelles that plant cells have that animal cells do not and what are all the organelles that animal cells have that plant cells do not and what are the organelles that are in common and what are the functions of all these organelles in the cell? Thank you
5598: Why do boats and planes disappear?
5599: How do acids affect the rate of corrosion?
5600: Do electromagnetic fields affect the growth of the plants?
5601: What are the two boundaries where volcanoes form?
5602: What would happen if there was no sun in the universe, not even stars?
5603: When do cells duplicate their DNA?
5604: How far is the sun?
5605: Where does salt come from?
5606: What do you think the world would be like if the continents never separated?
5607: Why cant their be a cure for hemophilia?
5608: Tell me about tornadoes.
5609: Why do liquids freeze?
5610: Does the consistency of an object increase or decrease magnification, thus play a role in refraction?
5611: What are ways that animals respond to their environment?
5612: Is there radiation in lightning?
5613: How does the sun heat the earth?
5614: Are you sure that the sea dinosaur are not still alive deep in the ocean? I heard they found something deep down in the oceans that looked like a dino. Why do you think they are all dead? Can the sea creature live for a long time?
5615: We are doing a project involving Ferro fluid. We have a couple of questions for you. 1. What is the level of magnetism in Ferro fluid? 2. What properties will disrupt the magnet field?
5616: What material makes ice melt?
5617: What makes salt crystals form faster or slower?
5618: We would like to know: Are lactating animals considered producers?
5619: Why the symbols and the name of some of the elements are different?
5620: How much CO2 does a cow emit in its lifetime? Is there significant contribution through its waste?
5621: How does pH affect the formation of salt crystals in a solution?
5622: If you do not give a plant all it needs to grow, how long until it dies?
5623: Why do some bases like sodium bicarbonate react with vinegar to produce carbon dioxide while other bases like ammonia barely produced any?
5624: Is there any proof against the theory of evolution?
5625: On genetic engineering and CRISPRS: If a gene is modified in an individual cell how does that translate to all the other billions of genes in an organism? Given that the changes you make in one cell will replicate in new cells, how many cells need to be modified to repair whatever you want fixed, and how long does it take?
5626: I have been searching for an answer to this question for quite some time. Do different colors 'reflect' heat at different rates? I am not talking about light at all. In a dark room, will different colors reflect HEAT at different rates? I believe that I know the answer, but have not been able to find it anywhere.
5627: Why does big planets have rings and small ones don't?
5628: How can a baby be born with a humped back?
5629: Without plants on Earth, could Earth still have living species on it? Could bacteria, cells, bugs, insects,etc., survive without oxygen?
5630: What do animals cells need to survive?
5631: There are red blood cells filled with oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. There is a lot of oxygen in other red blood cells and very little in other body cells. There is more carbon dioxide in the body cells than in the blood cells. How does the carbon dioxide and oxygen move to where they need to go? Is it by osmosis, by diffusion or any other process?
5632: I am doing a presentation, and I can't find anything on how color affects size. If I have a white object it will appear smaller than a black one, right? I tried but am not finding a reason!
5633: How can grass and trees grow on Hawaii if all Hawaii is molten lava dried and hardened?
5634: I have a quick question about the reaction of magnesium and heat. What type of reaction exactly is produced? I thought at first it would be a combustion reaction, however carbon dioxide is not one of the products.
5635: My teacher has asked me and my class to take a case file to find the disease and what caused it. I have a case that the disease turned out to be Salmonella. I currently trying to find out the mortality rate for the disease untreated and treated. I was wondering if you had any advice on how to find out more about this. If you can help me that would be great! Thank you for your time.
5636: Etna volcano is active with eruptions right now. Is it the impact that Etna could have as disastrous as Mountain Vesuvius was almost 2000 years ago? I mean it in terms of the magnitude of the explosion, not the effects of it on the people or the cities around.
5637: Is there any possible way to access neuronal stem cells or produce them? Thank you so much for all your help!
5638: What are the atoms doing in rainbows?
5639: Hello,I was wondering if you could please explain to me the functions and structure of the blood brain barrier in a more in depth manner because I do not quite fully understand the topic.
5640: Is getting bone marrow from an infant with Tay Sachs possible?
5641: If we were to take stem cells from bone marrow and use gene therapy to edit it how can we use stem cells to replace the neurons and get it back in the brain?
5642: Before photosynthesis appeared on the planet, from what did the autotrophs made their food?
5643: What color of crayon would melt the fastest in an oven set on 170 degrees or lower? Thank you so much.
5644: How does poop help plants grow?
5645: Will a cork boat float?
5646:

I am doing a project on the effects of different artificial light colors on plant photosynthesis. I was going to test the theory by placing the plant in front of each color light, by buying different color light bulbs, either being blue, red or green, etc.

However I do not know if that is right as I have read in certain sites, which say that to test this theory, one needs to place the plant in front of light sources such as Ultra-violet light, Infra-red Light, or other light sources in the spectrum.

I was hoping you could answer my question as to which theory is correct, or if there are any mistakes in the theory,


Thanks

5647: Dear Scientists: I've been learning about how gravity works, and I wanted to know this: If little things are attracted to huge things, would tiny particles always be flying towards us? Please help. Thank you!
5648: Why is silver soft? And how would a model display this? Thanks.
5649: What kind of energy is a conveyor belt transferring into a different kind of energy?
5650: How are genetically modified stem cells to the brain possible? Where have they been tried?
5651: How does studying rocks up close help scientists learn of the layers of the Earth?
5652: Do owls have tails?
5653: Atoms can be broken down into Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons; and protons can be broken down into quarks; can quarks be broken down?
5654: Our AP Chem class has been given an equilibrium problem using the ICE method. We have worked out the answer, but compared to the supplied "correct answer" are coming up doubled...Can you help us understand where we have gone wrong? PROBLEM: Find the K for the reaction: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) <-> 2 CO2(g) if initially there are 5.0 moles of CO, 10.0 moles of O2, and 1.0 mole of CO2 in a 2.0 L container and at equilibrium CO2 has a concentration of 2.5 mol/L. When working the ICE, we determine that x = 1 which when plugged back into the Kc expression gives us (2.5)squared over [(.5)squared times 4]. This gives us a Kc value of 6.25 but our answer key tells us that the answer should be 3.125. We are wondering, isn't the K value independent of the number of liters, and thus our answer should not be divided by 2? Where are we going wrong? Thanks for your chemical knowledge and willingness to share!
5655: How are DNA, chromosomes, and genes related?
5656: How do chemicals explode?
5657: How does food coloring go through a stem of a flower?
5658: How can you measure air?
5659: How can a plant grow taller without water?
5660: What do you scientists consider unique about the pitcher plant, the sundews (Drosera) and the Venus fly trap?
5661: How does the magnetism on Earth affect every atom on Earth? Does this magnetism affects in the same way if I am at the North of the Equator or at the South of it?
5662: How do materials scientists work in order to get new materials?
5663: How does the magnetism on Earth affect every atom on Earth? Does this magnetism affects in the same way at the North of the Equator or at the South of it?
5664: If a comet is half the size of the earth and it comes too close to it, would it cause any disruption to the earth at all?
5665: When a cup is cold and creates condensation, where does the drops of water on the outside of the cup come from?
5666: What caused the "Cambrian Explosion"?
5667: I am working on a research project with two other partners for a competition. Although my question won't be answered by then, I am still curious as to what more advanced researches will find out , if taken my question into consideration. Our project consist of the color black, Vantablack in particular. We'd like to know why the color black is so absorbent? What makes it more absorbent than any other color? what would be good substitutes for Vantablack? Could Vantablack be used to create energy similar to a solar panel given it absorbs 99.965% of light? I hope this questions gives interests to some great scientists out there and could be answered. Thank You!
5668: Does a black object absorb ALL EM radiation or does it just absorb the wavelengths from the visible light spectrum? Does light that reaches the surface of the earth contain less of the harmful EM radiation that travels through space, and is ozone the only protective layer we have?
5669: How does "chemically and electrically neutral" differ?
5670: Why doesn't Earth's atmospheric pressure crush our bodies?
5671: Why does a soda fizz more when you shake it compared to when you don't shake it?
5672: Are the waves that produce an earthquake in a resonant state? If not, what would it be the effect of the earthquake if the waves were in a resonant state?
5673: Why doesn't the ocean freeze?
5674: If you drop a magnet, will it always fall on the same side?
5675: I asked my biology teacher this question a few days ago, and we were both stumped on the answer. He mentioned the euglena cell, a unicellular yet eukaryotic organism. I saw in the diagram that there was a Golgi apparatus in the cell, and knowing that the Golgi apparatus' function is to transport built proteins (from the rough ER) outside of the cell through exosytosis, I wondered why/how it would do that since the euglena is unicellular. Can anybody answer this question on a somewhat high school level? Every source I've looked at is packed with words I may never learn.
5676: What do leopards eat? I need to know this for a science project on food webs.
5677: Are the tectonic plates causing the SIERRA NEVADA mountain range to grow or shrink right now? I am curious!
5678: What are the potential/occurring impacts of global warming? Will the effects of climate change be enough to cause the extinction of humans? If not, what is the most probable way humans that will become extinct?
5679: How are molecules made?
5680: How do planets get their color?
5681: What is a pesticide?
5682: How is the rotation of Jupiter?
5683: What happens to the dust that is part of the molecules that form a star?
5684: What type of food do eukaryotes eat?
5685: Why are elements neutral before they react?
5686: What physical objects or methods can help me make non-sterile soil, sterile?
5687: Say someone gets very badly injured and is losing a lot of blood, why can't doctors just keep giving that person blood to keep her/him alive?
5688: Why there is a need of potential difference for the flow of charges or electricity?
5689: Hello I am looking for someone who could you help me I am trying to find out what is the lowest temperature silver will melt ice? And also if any other metal or plastic has a lower melting point than silver to melt ice; thank you.
5690: What colors are absorbed to get brown or black skin? Are there any benefits of it?
5691: Do you think that if we move to Mars and don't get swallowed up by the sun, then we could move to another galaxy by the time the sun completely explodes?
5692: What color are your capillaries and how deep in your skin are these capillaries?
5693: When did cavemen exist? What year did they exist? Is it possible for you to send me some info on the past. To be more specific, I want to know more about dinosaurs and cavemen.
5694: How do the areas of sunlight in the two hemisphere change over the year?
5695: How do you find the right formula in any problem?
5696: How does a virus differ from a worm? It cannot reproduce, but it can replicate? They seem similar except a virus appears to need a host or does it?
5697: Why do plants need soil?
5698: What will happen if I inject blue dye in my tongue? I am wondering because I am getting a tongue piercing.
5699: There was an earthquake a few days ago and it was reported to take effect at 13 kilometers west of Isla Vista. What caused this earthquake?
5700: Why do scientists use North Pole and South Pole as different examples and references?
5701: Which metal is not only dense and heavy like osmium, but is also most resilient? In other words, does osmium's density make it the metal with the strongest atom bonds, or will it crack if struck hard enough, like tungsten for instance?If weight, density, AND impact resilience are the criterion, what metal is strongest?
5702: How do I tell which rock layer is the oldest?
5703: Is California moving?
5704: How often do skeletal muscle cells go through mitosis?
5705: Could you shrink a whole tank in to a 3 cm key chain but have the tank loose 123,999.5 pounds?
5706: How the discovery of gun powder came about?
5707: How does visible light work? How is it that color goes from waves to visible color in our sight?
5708: Why does Venus fly trap matter to scientists?
5709: I'd like to know if tarantulas eat smaller spiders.
5710: I really want to ask you a question, I am a student and I am confused if to study medicine or electrical engineering.
5711: What happens if you do not have your urinary system?
5712: How many hurricanes hit the US between 2006 and 2016? Are there more hurricanes in this decade then in the past?
5713: At which point do Newton’s physics laws differ from Quantum Physics?
5714: What is in the moon?
5715: What is the function of the cerebellum?
5716: What evidence do you scientists give of the states of matter?
5717: There are 2 suns, both following a parallel path through the universe at the exact same distance apart, both of these stars are equal in mass to the size of Earth's sun. A planet with equal mass to Earth orbits both suns. How would I determine the eccentricity, speed, and habitable zone of the orbit? If the planet sits at a similar axial tilt to Earth, and spins at the same speed, would the two stars make a difference to the ecology/climate/length of days on the planet?
5718: Can atmospheric pressure crush a vacuum iron sphere and a glass bottle?
5719: We can not see molecules but how do we know that they are present?
5720: Is there any substance which can be found in three states of matter like water?
5721: According to the third Newton's law: every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Then, both action should get cancelled and the body should remain constant. My question is, why does a bullet move from a gun according to this law?
5722: Invisible ink seems to work only on paper. Can you use it on real objects by coloring them thus making them invisible. Is there another way to hide something in plain sight and reveal it only if you have a special light?
5723: What was the longest living dinosaur?
5724: Why does lemon juice produce electricity?
5725: Why are humpback whales classified as mammals?
5726: How did cats evolve to shed their fur?
5727: How do winds form?
5728: How do you think scientists are able to observe record study and predict changes in the earth?
5729: What evidence is there that proves the age of the universe?
5730: I have a question about dog stomach. My dog eat a felt pad. I read something that dogs stomachs are ten times more acidic than humans. Could it be possible my dogs stomach would would be strong enough dissolve a felt pad. Pad is about the size of a nickel. He is a 7 pound Yorkie. I'm not looking to use your information in a decision of my pet rather for my own personal knowledge. Thank you for reading and hope to hear from you.
5731: What is the difference between gases blue and yellow?
5732: How does phosphorylation take place in animals?
5733: How do scientists predict when a solar eclipse is coming?
5734: I live in Oregon, and plan to be in an area where the Eclipse will be in its 100% Totality. For the duration of the 100% Totality (about a minute), is it okay to look directly at the Eclipse? From your website here it appears that there could be a danger.
5735: Do plants that grow in water or partially in water, oxygenate the water with their roots?
5736: How are lizards related to dinosaurs?
5737: Does your brain change the shade of colors you see based on your mood?
5738: Why do many animals think about only basic survival and reproduction, while humans have developed much from that stage, to ponder about economy, politics, appearance, and much more?
5739: Since Ocean Acidification is becoming more of a severe problem, can us people take the CO2 from the H2O and make it more purified instead of leaving it as H2CO3?
5740: Why do mantas jump out of the water at night and belly flop back into the water?
5741: Why does humanity focus and research space more than the ocean?
5742: How do animals choose a pack leader?
5743: How do animals adapt their eyesight in the midnight zone?
5744: Why are some solar eclipses longer than others?
5745: How many layers of skin do people normally have?
5746: How does the universe have an impact on humans?
5747: Why do some states have total solar eclipses and others don't?
5748: Is it possible to magnetically levitate a human (or a frog or a tree or other things like that) without the assistance if any metal objects?
5749: How are organic seedless grapes possible? Which is to say how can you have seedless grapes without genetic modification?
5750: I wonder, do fish live in kelp besides for protection?
5751: How can animals sense human feelings. For example, how can service dogs detect when a human will have a seizure or is stressed?
5752: What animals haven't we discovered yet?
5753: Why does steal rust?
5754: What types of leukemia are there, and what is the probability of getting each one?
5755: How are stars, planets, moons, and nebula made?
5756: How does the cordyceps fungus control ants?
5757: The question I was wondering about is related to the other extinct species of humans. Are there people living today who are related to them? How and why did they die out and what enabled Homo Sapiens to outlive them? And what would the world be like if at least a few of these extinct human species were still living today and how would they compare to modern Homo Sapiens in intelligence and capability?
5758: Why are there black holes in space?
5759: What is a CPU made out of?
5760: Is fire a living?
5761: How does gravity work?
5762: Why does thunder make sound and lighting doesn't?
5763: How come the whale bones you can find on the beach do not look like other bones?
5764: My question is: How large can pyrosomes (unicorn of the sea) get? They are giant sea worms. I am curious because they are called unicorns of the sea. I like unicorns. But I would like to know how large they can get.
5765: What is the universe expanding into? And whatever it is expanding into, does it go on forever?
5766: Do you think that in the future we would possibly find a planet like Earth and live on it?
5767: How small do things can get?
5768: How does seaweed give us air?
5769: How are some fish able to breathe in both salt and fresh water why other fish can only live in one or the other? Do they change or are they always able to breathe in either place? Thank you.
5770: Why are humans trying to find life on Mars?
5771: How does the heart integrate oxygen into the blood?
5772: S or p waves travel around the world, slow and fast through different materials. Having the two small waves hit each other over a region with an active fault, could the area be at a higher risk for a local quake?
5773: Hi, my name is Praize and I am an 8th grade student at Glen Taylor School. I am conducting a research on mountains. I would like to know if you are able to provide me with information on Why Is There Little Air On Mountains? Please contact me as soon as possible. Thank you.
5774: Why did Ebola come out when it did and why did people's immune systems not work?
5775: Is our sun stationary in space?
5776: Why do spiders have eight legs?
5777: I wonder how the solar eclipse started.
5778: I was wondering, how do radios work?
5779: Why do we have not useful body parts in our body that can be removed with no effect?
5780: My question to you is, can there ever be a man made substitute for water that give us the same benefits of water? I thought of this question because I once heard that if water did not have exactly what it has right now, we would not be able to rely on it and we would not be able to live. I wanted to know if that was true and if we could use an alternative for every single molecule that water has. In my opinion, it would be awesome if people that did not have access to fresh water could have another option to gain the nutrients and hydration that water provides
5781: Will there ever be a way to create wormholes to different planets or places?
5782: How does the eclipse happen?
5783: Why is measuring and finding the volume or mass of something important to Science?
5784: What would happen if the earth's axis spun the opposite way?
5785: How are planets discovered?
5786: Why don't humans live a lot more than the average age to die?
5787: Why don't humans live a lot more than the average age to die?
5788: What is the difference between all fingerprints? And how are they different? I looked at my fingers and they are not different. How do we know if they are the same or different?
5789: What is the effect of weather on agriculture?
5790: Do rocks really tell a story? If yes, what do they tell?
5791: Who was the first scientist to discover the first rock and what was the first rock to be discovered?
5792: Do plants that are different color have a different efficiency of photosynthesis?
5793: What color does a black paper turn into as it heats?
5794: Will pouring water on fabric be safe? How will it affect the fabric? Will the fabric grow when I pour water on it?
5795: What do you know about the density of Earth as you go toward the center? Why is this reasonable?
5796: Why doesn't lightening occur any time it is windy?
5797: I am doing a science fair project about measuring carcinogens in meat. I was doing some research on how to be able to measure them, but I came across difficult ways to do it. How would I be able to measure carcinogens in meat in the simplest way possible?
5798: Is it possible to create a working star destroyer in real life?
5799: How did animals evolve into what they are now?
5800: How did humans get to earth or how were they created?
5801: Because Ocean Acidification is becoming a world problem, is there any way of separating CO2 from H2O?
5802: Why do mantas jump out of the water at night?
5803: Why are ores so rare?
5804: What type of mint is the strongest?
5805: What kind of soil would last better in a flood?
5806: How does color affect temperature in a building? What exactly happens in scientific terms?
5807: How do plants react to their surroundings?
5808: Will there ever be a time in the future where the sun will be harmful to humans, and if so, when will it be?
5809: Why/how do stars explode?
5810: How do dogs communicate to each other?
5811: How can I help combat global warming and change my lifestyle to reduce the negative impact I have on the Earth?
5812: How come geckos have the ability to regenerate limbs and tails but can still pass away from internal bleeding?
5813: Why does my hair stand on end when I take off my hat on a cold, dry day?
5814: Why do shark attacks happen?
5815: How many atoms take up a square inch of the world?
5816: Why are elephants so big?
5817: Can a plant inside grow faster than a plant outside?
5818: In regards to a material being flammable or combustible (i.e. if a higher than normal concentration of oxygen is present, something that is considered a combustible could now be considered flammable). What is the assumed normal oxygen concentration (expressed as a percentage) in the atmosphere?
5819: Is the earthquake which recently took place in Mexico City related to the previous one close to the Ithsmus of Tehuantepec?
5820: What happens when warm air rises and cold air sinks?
5821: If there are stationary fronts, when the two fronts stay in the spot, what makes the weather go into a stop, and how do the fronts move away?
5822: How come people who can not see far can see the stars without them being blurry?
5823: Why do shark attacks keep happening?
5824: What gases are more responsible for the greenhouse effect?
5825: Would different colors of light from a LED light give off different amounts of heat? (temperature wise)
5826: Do plants and animals need oxygen for cellular respiration?
5827: Are all non-living things abiotic? We are trying to figure out if abiotic factors are things that are only naturally occurring, or if they can be man-made? For example, if there is plastic (trash/pollution) in an ecosystem, is it considered an abiotic factor because it could have a impact on the living things?
5828: How small can things get?
5829: Why cannot we imagine a new color?
5830: Will humans be on earth in 3029? I am afraid we are consuming lots of plants and stuff so I hope you text me back.
5831: What is the difference between a animal population and the difference between the animal community?
5832: When will Jupiter's gravity pull us closer to outer space? Please answer back this question is important for the jeopardy of the world civilization. I am 12 years old.
5833: How does the shape of an object with similar mass affect its ability to float?
5834: I'd like to do a science experiment to see if different size plastic particles clog up fish gills. Any suggestions on how best to prove out what size particles become problematic for different levels of membrane porous?
5835: What are all the ingredients of fertilizers?
5836: Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 are forever drifting satellites that were sent into space in the 1970's. Even today, 43 years later, they still have the ability to transmit to Earth even though they travel around a million miles per day (so by now Voyager 1 would be around 15.7 billion miles away from Earth). How can they still transmit information to Earth today from such an incredulous amount of miles away? How did they create the technology to be able to have Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 still be able to transmit despite their far distance from Earth?
5837: Why the body shrinks, when people gets old?
5838: I am a grade six student at Sir William Osler elementary, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This school term I will be conducting a scientific experiment for my class science fair. The topic I have selected is regarding the productivity of solar panels under different so-called “filters” of light. Such filters are transparent plastic sheets colored red, yellow, and blue. In my current project, I will be testing the productivity of my solar cells under such circumstances. The experiment will be carried out in 10 to 15 trials in the next three weeks.

I am writing this letter of inquiry in hope that I may have the opportunity to ask you several questions pertaining to my project as I have found it is in your area of expertise.

Is it possible that different silicon compositions could make two-axes oriented arrays more efficient? Possibly any theoretical work yourself may have done?


5839: I am a grade six student at Sir William Osler elementary, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This school term I will be conducting a scientific experiment for my class science fair. The topic I have selected is regarding the productivity of solar panels under different so-called “filters” of light. Such filters are transparent plastic sheets colored red, yellow, and blue. In my current project, I will be testing the productivity of my solar cells under such circumstances. The experiment will be carried out in 10 to 15 trials in the next three weeks.

I am writing this letter of inquiry in hope that I may have the opportunity to ask you several questions pertaining to my project as I have found it is in your area of expertise.

Do you see any possible advances being made in the near future regarding different spectrums of light being most effective toward solar panel efficiency? Have you possibly made any advances in the topic yourself?


5840:

I am a grade six student at Sir William Osler elementary, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This school term I will be conducting a scientific experiment for my class science fair. The topic I have selected is regarding the productivity of solar panels under different so-called “filters” of light. Such filters are transparent plastic sheets colored red, yellow, and blue. In my current project, I will be testing the productivity of my solar cells under such circumstances. The experiment will be carried out in 10 to 15 trials in the next three weeks.

I am writing this letter of inquiry in hope that I may have the opportunity to ask you several questions pertaining to my project as I have found it is in your area of expertise.

It is public knowledge that numerous solar energy companies have been known to purchase power batteries from other energy companies such as hydro, wind, and even coal in periods where their arrays aren’t producing much. What is your stance on the topic? Do you see a solution to this crisis?


5841:

I am a grade six student at Sir William Osler elementary, in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. This school term I will be conducting a scientific experiment for my class science fair. The topic I have selected is regarding the productivity of solar panels under different so-called “filters” of light. Such filters are transparent plastic sheets colored red, yellow, and blue. In my current project, I will be testing the productivity of my solar cells under such circumstances. The experiment will be carried out in 10 to 15 trials in the next three weeks.

I am writing this letter of inquiry in hope that I may have the opportunity to ask you several questions pertaining to my project as I have found it is in your area of expertise.

What is your personal opinion on solar panel technology becoming a mainstream power option? Would you suggest a junction or hybrid between renewable energy industries or is that just a fantasy?


5842: What are all the types of pediatric cancer and how easy or hard are they to cure?
5843: Hi my name is Damien and I wanted to ask: how long until the Earth is gone? The moon is moving 2 centimeters a year and eventually it will probably hit a planet and then that planet would explode and I want to know how long it will take. Thank you for listening and I hope you can answer this question.
5844: Does salt dissolve quicker in room temperature than in cold water?
5845: Why do rocks have different colors?
5846: What is displacement?
5847: Is the only way to make an explosion with the ingredients Baking soda and Vinegar?
5848: Why are we only able to push so far on the plunger of a syringe when we put our finger over the nozzle?
5849: If you traveled straight through the center of the Earth and out the other side, what would you pass through along the way?
5850: Why are whales mammals?
5851: How does the surface of the ground affect a runner's speed?
5852: How can our lungs breath oxygen?
5853: Does sunlight provide a plant with energy?
5854: Hi, I am in love with your website and use it constantly for school science projects. We are studying asthenosphere and earth science, but I have a question. How is ooblec physically different from it?
5855: What role does DNA play in the regeneration of starfish? Which genes? And how?
5856: Why do you like doing this job?
5857: If the earth spin the opposite direction wouldn't that change gravity and the way things will go? If the spinning of the earth go to the east, and if we would change the way it could put the gravity out.
5858: how do you guys get new people?
5859: What job do you guys have and how did you guys know how the sun helps plants grow?
5860: What type of mixture do you think is created when the water and gelatin are mixed together?
5861: What makes light move, is it possible right now to find the source of what makes light move and stop it?
5862: How long does an owl live for?
5863: What kind of heat do white stars emit and how hot are they?
5864: What temperature does a glass filled with ice have to be at to make droplets appear on the glass?
5865: Which produces more condensation, hot water or cold water?
5866: Why you cant put pineapples in jell-o?
5867: What is an Independent variable?
5868: At what plate boundaries are cinder cone volcanoes formed?
5869: What desert is the hottest in California? and how are you supposed to say fungi with other words?
5870: Is there a specific name for organisms that eat fungi? Herbivores eat plants and fungi is not a producer. This was a student question that stumped me- and my background is wildlife science/environmental science. I thought it was a great question. The tropic level depends on what is being decomposed, but it seems we have a name for other feeding habits, but not this one. Thank you.
5871: How quickly can the nervous system relay messages?
5872: How tectonic plate movement could create another supercontinent like Pangaea?
5873: What is photo electron spectroscopy?
5874: Are there any such house plants which, if and when kept in my bedroom can release enough oxygen at night to make a difference in the quality of ambient air that I breath ? If there are, could you please tell me the names of such plants?
5875: What accounts for the rigidity of plant cell walls?
5876: Why is there zero degree (temperature) in space?
5877: Does the color inside a cup affect the change in temperature of its content?
5878: Why is the water warmer than the air at night?
5879: Does the moon have more gravity than Earth because it has no atmosphere?
5880: Why were most of Wegener's peers not receptive to his findings?
5881: What is the percentage of salt in the Salton Sea?
5882: What happens to objects that are exposed to the sun, and why?
5883: How do antibiotics work in order to be selective of the right bacteria to be killed in our bodies?
5884: What is the effect of a material's texture on its rate of heat absorption?
5885: How many coins does it take to make a battery?
5886: How much heat does a red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, black, and pink light give off? Thanks!
5887: What makes you yourself? How you are unique from others? Because of your body, mind or memory?
5888: What kind of materials will I need in order to design a Rover which could be used on Venus? This is a school project and I do not know the materials which can resist high temperatures in Venus.
5889: Why does Earth have five different layers?
5890: How do the ice cap and liquid water interact?
5891: How come the oxygen supply in the water does not run out?
5892: What are the stages or steps of a tsunami?
5893: I just read answers to some questions on your forum.
here
I am confused by your statement that ancient rocks were formed at a certain time by comparing lead to uranium ratios. How can this be if the uranium must have been formed in prior supernovae explosions that seeded the nebula from whence the solar system was formed? It seems we are ignoring the time between this previous supernova and the forming of said rock. Much thanks for any thoughts as this has been bugging me for quite some time.
5894: Hi,
We are currently studying atoms and the periodic table. A student asked a question today that I thought was quite perplexing. Since an atom is mostly empty space between its nucleus and electrons, what exactly is that "empty space?" From my amateur point of view it can't be a vacuum, can it? And, there can't be matter of any sort because we're on such a small scale (and atoms make up matter). Thanks for the help. Love the site. Confused by the empty, PJ Creek 8th grade science teacher.

5895: Why does electricity have power?
5896: Can a virus reproduce without the presence of another organism?
5897: What is in oil that makes nail polish into slime?
5898: I am doing a science fair project for my honors class and I am boiling water in the sun with a plastic bowl, aluminum foil, a small rock, and a small cup. I am planning that the salt water in the plastic bowl and letting it evaporate, which would allow precipitation to fall into the cup. Would the water inside the cup be fresh, allowing me to drink it? Or not?
5899: Which ice cream flavor will melt the fastest and why?
5900: What plate of Earth does not have volcanoes associated with it?
5901: My question is: do bees know they are gonna die when they sting someone? I wonder that because a lot of bees sting people. I think they do not know because if I was a bee I wouldn’t want to die over stinging someone but I do not know and that is my question. Thank you.
5902: Hello,
We are doing a science fair experiment that involves Music and Plants. We visited your website and found the information useful but had a few questions. We were wondering if you thought that a certain genre of music would affect a plant’s growth more than another genre. The hypothesis for our experiment is, “If jazz, rock, and classical music are played for four hours every day for the first two weeks of a pinto bean plant’s growth, then the jazz music will most positively affect the height of the growth of the plant.” We would like you thoughts on our hypothesis and any suggestions you may have. Thank you for taking the time to read this email and we hope to hear from you soon.

5903: Which balloon will pop first, a balloon with hot water or a balloon with cold water or a balloon with soda?
5904: What is the physical state of fire?
5905: I have nightmares about every 3-4 weeks and whenever I wake up and think about it later I realize the thing in the dream that’s the focus is not very scary, but it is in the dream. I noticed right before I wake up I get some kind of jolt (the jump-scare). Is that adrenaline? What is giving you the jolt that makes that part of the dream so scary?
5906: What is the opposite of condensation?
5907: Hi. Why can only Fe, Co and Ni be magnetic? This question is common and on the web exist many answers about this question. Most of these answers pay attention to unpaired electrons of d shell. I agree to pay attention to unpaired electrons, but I believe there are other aspects that are as important as unpaired electrons. In other words, I think that unpaired electrons alone can't be enough reason for this question. First of all it's necessary to remember that the magnet is a ferromagnetism material. Other aspects: Cr and Mn have unpaired electrons more than Fe. So why can 't Cr and Mn be magnetic like Fe. We know Cr is anti-fero-magnetic. In addition we know Mo isn't anti-fero-magnetic like Cr. It is paramagnetic while both of them have a number of unpaired electrons. So in addition to unpaired electrons there are others factors such that they are effective in creating magnetism. What factors are effective in creating magnetic properties? And how?
5908: When was lithium made geologically speaking?
5909: Why is it not possible to use google translate for the lain words of elements of the periodic table?
5910: Does mt Everest erode? If so, how much a year?
5911: Since Ocean acidification is becoming a bigger problem, is there any way to take CO2 molecules from H20?
5912: Some rocks are harder than others. What makes them this way?
5913: Why is it colder in the northern cities, such as: New York than in the southern cities, such as: Houston, TX during the winter months?
5914: What is static electricity?
5915: Is water wet?
5916: Could we send species of plants to Mars, that could survive on the Carbon Dioxide atmosphere?
5917: How many toes does a duck have?
5918: Are animals able to feel emotions, as humans do? (Like grief, happiness, excitement, etc.).
5919: What is the universe made of?
5920: How are chemicals made? Can you give me examples?
5921: What is drag in aircraft, rockets or spacecraft like compared to drag for these on earth? How is the air/wind different?
5922: Why do living things need water?
5923: If spiders's web is so strong then how is it broken so easily?
5924: Does an egg float?
5925: Are fingerprints inherited because people say that everyone's fingerprint's are unique, but I think it has something to do with genetics like if you get half of each of your parents DNA then I feel like fingerprints would have something to do with that.
5926: Why do only some people have dimples?
5927: What change occurred to the surface of the volcanoes in order for plants to able to plant root?
5928: How do you know about the water cycle?
5929: Do candles burn longer when they are in hot or cold air?
5930: Why does the earth have more gravity than the moon when the moon is or used to be a part of the earth?
5931: What happens to oxygen at -183 degrees Celsius?
5932: How was the atmosphere made around Earth, and how is it made?
5933:

You have a very nice web site. Thanks you for putting it together.

I have a question about basin and range faulting. I understand about valley (or half graven) formation. Due to stretching there is space for the hanging wall to rotate down.

But I do not understand how in an extensional regime do you get the foot wall to “rise” and form the “range” mountains in a basin and range province.

As the valley block rotates down, do they rotate up?

Can you help me understand rocks “rising” in an extensional area?

Thanks in advance for your answer.

5934: Hello,I stumbled on your website in search of information about snail reproduction. While I found your short answers very informative I'm looking to further my knowledge on the specifics.Where do the eggs come from? Its not clear to me how the snail can possibly lay an egg. Thanks,
5935: How does the eclipse affect someone's pregnancy?
5936: When Cephalopods are attacked or about to die, do they by instinct release an ink cloud?
5937: What did dinosaurs eat and drink when there was limited food and water?
5938: A student was wondering how much an increase of energy a 2 degree change would be. This question is in context of climate change and the goals of the Paris Climate agreement. Obviously if we go to zero degrees Celsius we don't have absolute zero energy. So if the Earth's average energy goes up by 2 degrees from pre-industrial levels how much of a percentage increase is that to Earth's energy budget?
5939: Can two water molecules be used to make two oxygen and two hydrogen molecules?
5940: How is the value of an emerald determined?
5941: How do the Earth's continental and oceanic crust compare in density?
5942: I have several questions. 1.-How do infrared photons (e.g. from a heat lamp) make molecules move? 2.- How do photons make water molecules leave the liquid state (i.e. why does water boil?)
5943: What happens to the plants' roots in the different environments?
5944: Why does a non-stretchable balloon (i.e.one with rigid walls so that its volume stays constant) rise when heated?
5945: During a fog bank in the ocean, what is the temperature of the water when the fog bank is happening ? What is the temperature of the air during a fog bank?
5946: Why does the seafloor not disappear since part of it continues to subduct along the ring of fire?
5947: How do different liquids effect a plant and its growth?
5948: Does atoms, neutrons, protons, nucleus have anything to do with the chemical reaction of vinegar and baking soda, and if so, why?
5949: Can you explain human evolution?
5950:

I am confused and I think my questions are to check my thinking. I did read your explanation maybe it's the terms you don't understand. Mine is not the terms, but maybe connecting it to a karyotype.

So, I see 2 kinds of karyotype pictures; this I know: \"X\" chromosomes are diploid and undergo mitosis, 23 pairs of \"X\" in autosome cell (non-sex cell); \"l\" chromosome is a chromosome found in sex (somatic) cells, like Egg/Sperm; there are only 23 chromosomes, haploid, not in pairs. Does this make sense, or am I missing something?

What I need explained is this:
If you look at a karyotype, KARYOTYPE #1: sometimes you see some with a pair of \"X\" and KARYOTYPE #2: sometimes you see a pair of \"l\". (Look on
karyotype to see the pair of \"l\").

My question #1 is: When I see the pair of \"X\" with 23 human chromosomes karyotype, am I looking at non-sex cells?

Question #2: Which karyotype will you use to determine a disorder?

To answer my own question, I think - since all the DNA is the same in every cell, the unknown genes wouldn't matter which cell you would look at, but if you are looking for Turner's Syndrome, then you would have to use a Somatic cell. Or does it really not matter if you have somatic cell autosome; which karyotype picture would I look at, the \"X\" pairs or the \"l\" sex cells?

THANK YOU! Sorry for the lengthy questions, trying to be specific and understand this confusing thing!


5951: What do octopus do during the night and morning?
5952: What is the science behind the reaction of baking soda and vinegar?
5953: Why do leopards have spots on their fur?
5954: What is the nature of wool from the materials point of view? Wool can be itchy for some people, and synthetic materials are not, why is this?
5955: The last big earthquake which took place in Mexico City was less harmful for the people living there because the sound alarm warned them a few seconds before the shaking took place. Do we have the same alarms here in California, so we are prepared for the next big earthquake?
5956: I have the feeling that my brain is not working properly. Why can this be?
5957:

You have a very nice web site. Thanks you for putting it together.

I have a question about basin and range faulting. I understand about valley (or half graben) formation. Due to stretching there is space foe the hanging wall to rotate down. But I do not understand how in an extensional regime do you get the foot wall to “rise” and form the “range” mountains in a basin and range province. As the valley block rotates down,do they rotate up?

Can you help me understand rocks “rising” in an extensional area?

Thanks in advance for your answer.

5958: How does the composition and phases of earth's inner layers generate a magnetic field?
5959: What do plants do with water ? What is going on inside the plants?
5960: Hi, I’m a high school student and I’m doing a science project. My question is: How Different pH levels of water affects the growth of plants?
5961: Why doesn’t marine life die from ammonia poisoning from dead organisms?
5962: Why is it important for planes and pilots to know about the atmosphere?
5963: How do plants grow from sunlight?
5964: What does it mean when we say an individual is hybrid? what does it mean when we say an individual is purebred? How does non-disjunction insure that there will be differences in traits between generations?
5965: Why is the sun important?
5966: What are the names of the planets?
5967: Why do we store visual memory better then auditory? Can you explain more about how the visual memory can possibly be stored twice? Can auditory be stored twice?
5968: Given samples of gold, pyrite and chalcopyrite how would you distinguish them and what properties could you use to identity them?Thank you for any help you can send my way. I appreciate the work you do.
5969: What are the steps for a whale during pregnancy in order to give birth?
5970: How does the Earth stay sturdy if the majority of its insides are liquid?
5971: What is the ozone layer made of?
5972: How does water's heat capacity contribute to wind patterns in California?
5973: Why does black attracts heat and white reflects heat?
5974: Why is that most of mathematicians are also good philosophers? Is Philosophy the mother of all sciences or is it mathematics?
5975: Is it true that emeralds are formed when two continental plates hit each other?
5976: I have a 10 years old, 4th grader that is interested in using the liquid in a straw as a project. What direction should he go to make a simple project that everyone might understand? Thanks for your time.
5977: Would their be anyway for fire to be in space and put it inside a gas planet like Jupiter? And would the components Jupiter is made of explode if fire did catch the planet? What would be the result? Please answer my question. Thank You.
5978: How is a mineral formed?
5979: How is the earth floating in space?
5980: Is wool a good conductor of heat? Why or why not?
5981: How can humans be impacted by extreme weather?
5982: Is it possible to make a rocket ship that can put trash in the sun to reduce trash in landfills, throwing trash into the sun without damaging the craft? Would a space cannon (not meant to be funny) with already compressed air launch the rocket into space, unload the trash and just wait for it to reach the sun?
5983: What is a ionic compound and why is it called so?
5984: Is there sound in space? If a person could survive in space without oxygen or a helmet, could we hear one another?
5985: Why does time seem to go by so slowly when your young and seem to go by so quickly the older you are? Is this in any relation to how time speeds up in space versus on Earth?
5986: Why do some planets have no moons like Mercury and Venus, and other planets have many moons like Jupiter?
5987: Hello, a student of mine brought up a great question. Why is grass under snow still green, but grass under a rock yellow? I was able to answer the part about the rock, but wasn't able to give a complete answer about the snow. Thanks!
5988: Suppose you have an Avogadro's number of nitrogen atoms. How many grams does this represent?
5989: Can global warming be a direct result of all the oil we have removed, since oil I’m sure acts like an insulation from the Earth's core temperature?
5990: If a person broke the light barrier, what would happen around them, and too them?
5991: How do you call the areas where the ocean stick out at the sides of the earth?
5992: What are different ways animals help spread seeds so that new plants can grow?
5993: Upon learning about chloroplasts producing glucose, then breaking it down in their own mitochondria: "I know plants don't have blood, but if you fed them a diet of sugary water, could you give them plant diabetes? What do they do if they have too much glucose?"
5994: How does the atmosphere help life on Earth?
5995: Which are the different systems involved in maintaining homeostasis?
5996: Could it be that the white hole will never be physical found in this universe,since this universe is already occupied after big bang? Is it possible that the business end of a black hole can only establish a big bang where there is void?
5997: Why do you think liquefied food stays in the intestines for such a long time?
5998: What would happen if we didn't have seeds?
5999: Is it physically possible to make a relay that could, magnetically or electrically, or any other form really, slingshot a spacecraft from one point and stop a spacecraft at the next? If so, could it still be energy efficient? Is there some way to absorb the energy the spacecraft had when it was shot, and therefore be able to use that energy again to sling another craft?
6000: How long does it take for 100 mL of water to evaporate under a lamp? What is the evaporation speed for water?
6001: What is Roygbiv?
6002: I have been curious for many years how all of the anti-matter in the universe disappeared. I just read another article that indicates this is an active area of research. I often read descriptions of the early universe that follow a common progression: universe begins as a dense 1” wide point, space is created, inflation occurs, elements occur as universe expands and cools. So my questions are: 1. Why is there no mention of anti-matter in these early steps? 2. Wouldn’t we expect it to exist as soon as elements condensed? 3. If it did exist, and if it was annihilated through a succession of reactions, wouldn’t that process deserve a footnote in the description of the process? 4. How long would it take to convert all of the matter/anti-matter into matter? 5. How many reactions would be required to perform the conversion? It seems we are missing an important step in the process the early universe followed. I understand that scientists don’t like to speculate, but this seems like a good time to. I have asked my friend Joel about this, but he said we don't know. Can’t we at least acknowledge the elephant in the room? Thanks.
6003: How can we protect endangered aquatic species that are isolated by dams?
6004: How do you decide which mountain lions are tagged and which ones are not? and what are the challenges when tagging a mountain lion and how often are they tagged? and lastly, how often do hikers encounter mountain lions in the Santa Monica Mountains?
6005: How do low pH levels end up killing bacteria?
6006: How do headphones work?
6007: What is a subduction zone?
6008: I am doing a science fair project and I am trying to see how will different types of soda affect how far a soda car will go. Can you help me find out what carbon dioxide does to soda? Your friend,
6009: How many babies can a panda give birth to?
6010: Would you be so kind as to help my son and I with his school project in making bubbles and using mouthwash in them? We decided to use mouthwash because him and his friends always try to catch them with their mouths so we thought why not try mouthwash. He turned that into his teacher who thought it was a good idea for the project and now we are stuck with it. We thought it would be easy since mouthwash (so we thought) was soapy. We found out different. Can you please tell us how to add mouthwash to the bubbles so they are thicker maybe and they still makes them into bubbles? We saw on the TV show “Little Big Shot” with Steve Harvey, a kid had bubbles that he did all kinds of tricks with and the things he was doing it looked like the bubbles were thicker or something. Is it possible to make bubbles thicker so they do not break as fast and to have mouthwash in them? Professor, any help you can give us will be appreciated.
6011: How can robots walk?
6012: What are brains made out of?
6013: How do trains move?
6014: How are cars made?
6015: How do black panthers hunt?
6016: What are asteroids? How did asteroids make earth?
6017: The biggest butterfly has a wingspan of 12 inches. But I don't know the name of it. What is its name and color?
6018: If I were to take a harvest-able form of luciferin (algae or plankton), would it be possible to encapsulate the chemical and use it as a light source by introducing oxygen at my will?
6019: If a planet in the universe breaks out of gravity and collides with another, will it affect Earth?
6020: What are the main types of galaxies?
6021: How are minerals made? Where can they be found?
6022: How are the rocks an minerals made?
6023: Is the inner core a hot liquid metal?
6024: We know that we speak with the help of vocal cords. Could animals also be able to speak like humans do, if they had the same vocal cords?
6025: What are the coolest things or most unbelievable things that our satellites catch during their orbiting around the earth?
6026: Can plants use CO2 released during respiration for photosynthesis?
6027: What are the ethical considerations about dinosaur cloning?
6028: What are some constructive and destructive forces of the Colorado plateau and grand canyon?
6029: What is the relationship between nuclear energy and electrical energy?
6030: What is dark matter, and how is it related to negative Kelvin?
6031: Which animal has thick fur to protect it from attacks by predators?
6032: How does water molecules float up if the reason why they float up is because of heated molecules?
6033: Why is the solar system flat?
6034: If a person had their own magnetic field, how would that affect them and everything around them in relation the the earth's magnetic field?
6035: Why is a person big and fat?
6036: How will the sun explode some day?
6037: What is the effect of salt on the temperature of water?
6038: How do the plants get the items needed to make food?
6039: How far can a rocket ship go into space?
6040: What are the dinosaurs relatives?
6041: Colors are explained to be what the object did not absorb (red backpack seen red because it absorbed green and blue and sent red reflecting ...red is in the air, blue and green in the item). Why can I change molecules around (add water i.e.) of the item that contains green and blue and still get the red dye color that supposedly did not exist in the backpack that are still in the air? Should not I get blue or green?
6042: Has there ever been a scientific fact that stayed a fact, not been proven wrong or explained differently for over 30 years?
6043: Does dark hair retain more heat, or becomes hotter than blond or fair hair when out in the sun?
6044: How does emission of carbon dioxide lead to global warming?
6045: Do rats fart more or less than cows?
6046: What causes a population to change? Is it natural selection, variation, and adaptation?
6047: How many teeth can a spinosaurus have?
6048: What prevents a water balloon from popping?
6049: Hi, I am a teacher for the Algebra Academy Summer Program. Our project this year is to build and launch hot air balloons. We try to apply some basic math and physics to our projects. I found the following information ZOnline: Given a helium filled balloon surrounded by the atmosphere (air), gravity will pull harder on the air than the helium filled balloon. This more dense air pushes the helium filled balloon up. I agree that gravity is pulling on both the helium and air, but I have a hard time understanding how gravity can pull harder on one thing compared to another thing. I appreciate how the on line person explained why the helium balloon goes up, but I need to know/ be able to explain to myself and ultimately my students what this means (gravity pulling harder on one thing compared to another thing). Thank you. Johnny, Algebra Academy.
6050: How does the climate (cold, hot, rain, etc.) affect the marine life?
6051: What is sound?
6052: What tools are used to find the layers of the earth if scientists can't go to the core?
6053: My name is David and I live in North Florida. I could use some help with information to help me with a project I have going. I am trying to construct a VERY efficient solar oven. The oven will mostly be comprised of three metal boxes of different sizes, one inside another, inside another. I intend to put them together in such a way so that the heat from the outermost box will be reflected toward the next box and the heat from that box will be reflected again toward the inmost box. I think this will concentrate the heat. The boxes will not directly touch each other. I plan to paint each box flat black on the outside and put reflective aluminum foil on the surface of the inside of each box. The question I have is this; since the inside of the boxes will be in the dark when the oven door is closed, will the heat still be reflected in such a way as to concentrate it toward the center, or does this type of reflective action have anything to do with heat created by light only? Does a reflective surface reflect heat even when there is no light involved? I would greatly appreciate any advice from someone who knows about thermodynamics. Thank you so much. Sincerely, David in Florida.
6054: How does a lemon produce electricity?
6055: My name is David and I live in North Florida. I could use some help with information to help me with a project I have going. I am trying to construct a VERY efficient solar oven. The oven will mostly be comprised of three metal boxes of different sizes, one inside another, inside another. I intend to put them together in such a way so that the heat from the outermost box will be reflected toward the next box and the heat from that box will be reflected again toward the inmost box. I think this will concentrate the heat. The boxes will not directly touch each other. I plan to paint each box flat black on the outside and put reflective aluminum foil on the surface of the inside of each box. The question I have is this; since the inside of the boxes will be in the dark when the oven door is closed, will the heat still be reflected in such a way as to concentrate it toward the center, or does this type of reflective action have anything to do with heat created by light only? Does a reflective surface reflect heat even when there is no light involved? I would greatly appreciate any advice from someone who knows about thermodynamics. Thank you so much. Sincerely, David in Florida.
6056: I'm good at fiction, not at science. My question is for an English project. My question is: 1 (one) Earth hour is equal to how many hours on Jupiter?
6057: What in an easier way does it mean photosynthesis? And how does water help?
6058: What areas on Earth are at the least risk of a volcanic eruption?
6059: What can cause a plant to have green leaves and white leaves at the same time? Looks like no chlorophyll in some leaves. They are growing from the same plant crown. The plant is hoary cress, Cardaria Draba.
6060: Why is science so hard?
6061: How can I isolate chloroplasts from spinach leaves and make a solution viable for it to be used in a spectrometer, keeping in mind the chloroplasts still need to be able to photosynthesize? What would be a good phosphate buffer to use with this chloroplast solution, DPIP, and distilled water?
6062: If we all came from a single cell, that is we have evolved from one single cell which went through rapid cell division. How is it possible for a single cell which has no brain to think on it's own and become a monkey or a dinosaur or something else? Even if you say it evolved during it's cell division, How is it possible? Because it is the first cell, it can't have genetic variations and so on.
6063: Are spiders and their webs living? If yes, why?
6064: Can you see through water in a glass and why?
6065: I was wondering why iron is so abundant in the outer core?
6066: I was wondering how long would it take to reach Jupiter if you traveled at 100 km/h (freeway speed)?
6067: What would it happen if there were no moon?
6068: What would happen if you heated a metal way past its melting point?
6069: How do dogs hear higher pitches than us? And what colors can dogs see?
6070: Since the sun is white does that make it every color or no color?
6071: How many dwarf planets are in the galaxy?
6072: What causes the change in the prodigiosin production?
6073: Because everything in a farm depends on grass, what would happen if the grass were unhealthy in the farm?
6074: What will happen if the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood would get mixed?
6075: Where does hot air rise and cold air fall? Because I have looked, and looked but I can't find an answer.
6076: What is the scope to unify all the four fundamental force of nature through string theory?
6077: How do fossils provide evidence of continental drift?
6078: Why it is windy by the sea side?
6079: I went caving at Lost Creek Falls and saw something very interesting; a plant. We were , maybe (I think), a mile in the cave. When I turned off my headlamp, I didn’t see any light. My question is how can a plant grow in a cave without sunlight for photosynthesis. The plant had a light green leaf, but doesn’t that mean it gets sun? I heard about plants that live in 0.04 lighting, but this plant is very confusing.
6080: Which of the two crusts is heavier, the continental crust, or the oceanic crust?
6081: How does the transfer of electrons in the Kastle-Meyer Blood Detection Test exactly work?
6082: Do horses have wings?
6083: Do you guys help save the Monarch butterflies?
6084: In a circuit, if current is increased, heat will increase (heat is directly proportional to square of current) but if current increases ,resistance will decrease (resistance is inversely proportional to current) but if resistance decreases heat will decrease (heat is directly proportional to resistance)tell me whether heat is increased or decreased?
6085: I have a very simple question, why does an induced coil always produce AC current in a generator regardless of the orientation of the magnets? I always thought the change in the direction of current was caused by the shift in the magnetic field caused by the rotation of the magnets North and South poles, but that is not the case; my question is why does the current reverse when the field change?
6086: Is there a pocket of air under frozen lake water?
6087: Do crabs get itches? And how do they scratch?
6088: How can you tell if a fingerprint is from the right hand or left hand?
6089: In Jupiter, the hydrogen in the atmosphere is in the gas phase. As you go towards the center of Jupiter, the hydrogen undergoes a phase transition to the liquid phase. Why does this happen?
6090: Where do we get our supply of oxygen?
6091: Will continents come back together and form a single landmass called supercontinent?
6092: When will a balloon filled with water pop if you put it close to fire?
6093: How can I make north and south magnet liquid?
6094: How can you determine the age of sea glass?
6095: Why is the relative atomic mass of sodium 23amu?
6096: From the physical sciences perspective, how can you explain a shadow?
6097: How does the sun warm the earth?
6098: Why are human beings the only species that has a mind that can think and reason? Where did our ability to think come from?
6099: Are objects that are submerged in water wet, while they are still in the water, or do they become wet, when once they reach and break through the surface of the water?
6100: What is the probability of a human being able to survive the gravitational pull of the earth yet along with the exact amount of centrifugal force not to fly off the earth---what is the probability of getting that delicate balance of gravitational force and centrifugal force to support human life?
6101: What dimension is light?
6102: If humans can't see air, can fish see water?
6103: Why is science important?
6104: Which melts slowest: ice cream, ice milk, or sherbet?
6105: What would happen to nutrients in our body if they do not get used again ?
6106: What does a plant do with the CO2 that is produced as a product of cellular respiration?
6107: I thought the hottest desert on Earth was the Lut Desert in Iran. More than 159 degrees according to my research. Isn't this so?
6108: The temperature of liquid nitrogen is 86K. What is this temperature in deg. C?
6109:

Hello, I was wondering if you could help me find a scientist or professional that I can talk to in person. I’m 16 years old about to turn 17 and I live in southern CA. My main topic that I was interested in was the Stoned Ape theory. I have recently experienced something that has had significant effect on how I see things now as compared to before.

Thank you

6110: A few billion years after the Big Bang, the universe started accelerating. What could have universally affected matter in such a manner that all matter was sped up? Would it not have required an energetic force that could have affected all matter at once?
6111: Do whales and dolphins fish?
6112: I read the article on the New York Times about the work of Simon Gilroy. I love plants and I would like to know when he mentions that plants deliver Calcium to their leaves in case of danger, where do they take this Calcium, it is stored there or does it come from the soil right at that moment?
6113: If you receive a blood transfusion or an organ transplant does your body change due to the DNA in the blood and tissue? Will it ever be the same as before?
6114: Which are common ingredients best used for cleaning and why?
6115: If glucose was added to the jello, what effect would bromelain have on glucose?
6116: What is in nail polish remover that makes it remove nail polish? What is the chemical reaction between the two items?
6117: How is that the Caribbean islands, the Gulf of Mexico and the East Coast get all the hurricanes? How we do not get any here in the West Coast of California?
6118: If North is up, how does the Nile River flow down stream in the direction of North into the Mediterranean Sea?
6119: Why do the Inuits have dark skins given that they live close to the North Pole?
6120: What is the most amount of hurricanes ever to happen at one point in time?
6121: Why and how is broken glass and irregular object?
6122: What happens to a flower when it dies?
6123: We all know that atoms are spherical in shape. So, even if they are packed together there must be some space lying between them. So this space needs to be vacuum. And since vacuum contains dark energy, can we find all the things we need to know about vacuum by just looking between the atoms rather than going into the space?
6124: How does enzymes work in our daily life and why do we have to learn about it because I know that we don't have to use enzymes in our daily life so why in the world are we learning this?
6125: What animals reproduce both asexually and sexually?
6126: When will the sun disappear?
6127: How are animal cells and plant cells different? In which ways are they different?
6128: In which main ways is the asthenosphere different from the lower mantle on Earth?
6129: Fish gills collapse in air, so they do not have as much surface area exposed to absorb oxygen. However, air has a much higher concentration of oxygen. So, can fish gills continue to absorb oxygen through the parts of the gills that are exposed to air? This is an important question because many fishermen like to catch fish and then release them. However, fishermen have to remove the hook, which is often, not always, easier when the fish is out of the water, and then the fisherman may want to take a photo of the fish out of the water before returning it to the water. During the hook removal and before the fish is photographed, the fish could be dipped in the water to wet the fish and his gills. This might also aid in oxygen absorption and in reducing stress on the fish. So, as long as the gills are wet, can a fish absorb enough oxygen from the air to not suffer undue stress before release?
6130: What ingredients are in bread? and what ingredients are in hand sanitizer?
6131: How does the color of a fabric affect its drying time?
6132: This concept of heat and colors is really interesting. I have a mirror in my bedroom and it reflects a lot of heat so I covered it with a blue-green towel. Will this work in reducing heat or is the mirror still harmful even if it is covered with a towel?
6133: When a balloon is taken near a fire, it may burst. Why?
6134: How does a cable work?
6135: What do meteorites tell us about Earth's interior?
6136: What would be the effect or what would happen to your other systems if your digestive system failed?
6137: Why does the earth have an iron-rich core?
6138: Why do redwoods grow to be so tall?
6139: What is the ratio of photosynthetic plants to the amount of oxygen produced?
6140: What does ribonucleic acid do, and how does it affect your body?
6141: What is the effect the Channel Islands have on the beaches near Goleta and the Channel? How would beaches nearby look different if the Channel Islands weren’t there?
6142: Are dolphins' brains more capable of doing complex problems and solve ideas compared to other species on land and water? I know that dolphins have a bigger brain (1600 grams compared to 1300 grams from other species), but does that mean they are more complex and more intelligent overall compared to other species?
6143: What colors will light grow fastest in and why?
6144: How does color affect heating by absorption of light?
6145: What would be the chemical reaction which provides the food for most organisms on Earth?
6146: How does UV-C light kill bacteria?
6147: In which material, sand or clay, do seeds grow best?
6148: Does soda chill faster than milk from room temperature when ice is added?
6149: Which organism posses both plants and animals characteristics?
6150: Where does the tongue end?
6151: How are animals cloned? And can we clone them intentionally to make many of the same exact animals?
6152: I wonder why the sun produces light?
6153: I wonder: How were animals and men first exist. I know that at first they were cells, but how were they so much that turned them into animals, and then into humans? I wonder. How many cells would that take? I wonder.. how much time does it take to create a living being?
6154: I wonder for how long can fish be outside of the water?
6155: How do rainbows happen?
6156: Can we stand on Jupiter?
6157: What is the ozonosphere made of?
6158: Did dinosaurs really existed and were hit by an asteroid?
6159: Why is air at sea level denser than air at high altitudes?
6160: How does sugar give people pimples and zits?
6161: Who is the oldest person alive in the world?
6162: Why is everyone so different? How come some people allergic to stuff while others aren’t? Is it that some peoples DNA and molecules react to foods and/or any kind of product differently than other peoples' DNA?
6163: What symbiotic relationships does the Common Octopus or the Octopus Vulgaris have?
6164: How do fingers affect apples when we touch them?
6165: How does temperature affect the time the apple will take to be rotten?
6166: What are the most common symbols in children dreams?
6167: When will the earth end? Please answer to my question.
6168: Is diamond an element, a compound or a mixture?
6169: How can twins look so different?
6170: Is there a way to prove that crop circles are extraterrestrial?
6171: Is it possible for a shark not to have teeth?
6172: Are there any viruses and/or diseases that can cause someone to be “mind controlled”? Either completely controlled or send the person into a zombie state?
6173: Does eating avocado stimulate hair growth?
6174: What causes Black Mold? Can we develop some sort of disinfectant to prevent Black Mold?
6175: What is the difference between inputs and outputs?
6176: What kind of science project about plants I can do an experiment on it?
6177: What kind of colors do dogs see through their eyes?
6178: Can black holes slingshot space shuttles further?
6179: What is exotic matter, can we harvest it, and how can we use it to our advantage?
6180: Why can’t birds see glass?
6181: Where does the Oxygen found in CO2 go during photosynthesis if the oxygen we breath in comes from H2O?
6182: Why does Earth have layers?
6183: Why does Earth continue to orbit the Sun without stopping?
6184: Is a strand of human hair stronger than a strand of steel the same size?
6185: How is it possible that volcano dust can travel thousands of miles somewhere else?
6186: Hi! My Science Project is How Does the Moon Affect the Tides. I will monitor the tides from the Full Moon to The New Moon for a three week period which also includes a last quarter moon. My hypothesis is that the moon does affect the tides. I need to have a control parameter. Can you help my identify what that is in this experiment. I will be monitoring the tides at Campus Point on a daily basis. I want to show how the tides are much more varied on a spring tide than during a neap tide.
6187: If there were no gravity at all will still be planets and the sun and if yes the, how and will we still be alive and were would we be or go?
6188: Whats in a blue ringed octopus venom?
6189: What is altitude?
6190: What would happen if a planet was destroyed?
6191: What is our skin made out of?
6192: Why are red blood cells red?
6193: How do scientists know what the earths layers are if nobody has ever dug past the crust?
6194: Are dolphins more intelligent compared to other species and or humans? I'm asking this question because I know that dolphins have a bigger brain and use echolocation which is advanced compared to other species. I also want to know why humans and only humans are the only living animal that has been able to speak and live and thrive in this world.
6195: First of all I am very excited to be able to have someone probably understand this question. I know very strange things happen at Absolute Zero, and we haven’t gotten there... yet. If we got there and we put a human in a chamber that happened to be absolute zero, then wouldn’t their perception of time stop? I know that molecules don’t completely stop, but they still slow down enough to be considered still. I know that they would die very quick but I still want to know.
6196: How is sweetener manufactured?
6197: What are atoms made of?
6198: Lemon Juice electricity.
6199: Can any element be in the plasma state?
6200: What happens to the temperature and pressure the deeper one goes into the geosphere?
6201: Does music have any effect on animal's behavior?
6202: What do negative and positive numbers mean on a magnitude scale?
6203: Why Earth is not hitting the sun?
6204: How can the change of one Proton, or Electron in a single atom, change the physical properties of it? How to these charges stay together, without floating away from the nucleus?
6205: Why does the earth have different layers?
6206: Why does the earth have different layers?
6207: Hello, I’m a fifth grader at IV Elementary and I was wondering what decomposition is all about. Is decomposition important for the ecosystem, and how/why does it work? I’ve heard that nitrogen has something to do with it, and I’m wondering why that’s important. Thank you!
6208: Will we be able to survive the sun's explosion if we have the right equipment in the future?
6209: What happens when you let sugar dissolve in kool-aid?
6210: How did the balls of gas that created our stars stay in the same place? Do stars in the galaxy have a gravitational pull?
6211: In what ways do atoms or molecules move?
6212: What would happen if a nucleus only consisted of protons ? Would it produce charge? Or will it split the nucleus or stored things (in which the protons are stored)?
6213: What is the scientific reason to is water wet? And Is water wet?
6214: I don't understand: 1.) people claim that exposure to oxygen kills bacteria, fungi & viruses. Why is that if bacteria, fungi & viruses are living & all living organisms require oxygen?
6215:
6216: How long does it take to get from mercury to Earth?
6217: How can fossils be found on different continents?
6218: Where is the heat coming from for the convection?
6219: Was the earth a hot ball?
6220: We heard about the people who remember about their previous life. What is the concept behind it?
6221: How to make spider web at home by using chemicals?
6222: What does soil grow best in or what is in soil?
6223: How does caffeine affect plants, or plant growth?
6224: What happens when a hot molecule reaches a cold one?
6225: What is the difference between the theory of continental drift and the theory of plate tectonics?
6226: What are those chemicals from which spiders make their web?
6227: Is it TRUE that originally, before the invention of the 3-prong, (grounded outlets for homes) that the ground-pin was mounted at the TOP of the triangle, the TOP of the 3 "holes"?
6228: Do solar winds or electromagnetic fields of our sun have any impact on extra solar particles (radioactive or otherwise) that might be harmful to life on Earth similar to how the earth's atmosphere and magnetic field helps to protect us from extra planetary dangers?
6229: How do trees get glucose in the Winter when they lose their leaves which help them do photosynthesis?
6230: Why does temperature make energy?
6231: What speed do mountains grow at?
6232: What is the relationship between scientists and naturalists?
6233: Does different light tolerances affect the metabolic rate of a plant?
6234: What are the forces that drive continental drift?
6235: Plants produce carbon dioxide as a product of cellular respiration but they also release oxygen, how is this possible?
6236: Can wind change the surface of a volcano?
6237: How do this work because i don't know how to do it pleasae help me.
6238: With cannabis become legal in certain states, I wanted to know what amount of THC would a 150 pound adult have to ingest to die? Or because their are no endocannabinnoid receptors in the brain stem is there no amount that will stop your heart or lungs from breathing?
6239: What is life? Is it pointless?
6240: How much thermal energy does the copper absorb?
6241: How long can a pizza last?
6242: Is fire alive or not?
6243: Which subatomic particle is the boss of the atom?
6244: Why do apples rot?
6245: Are there any planets bigger than Jupiter that are in the universe?
6246: Why does crust move on Earth?
6247: What happens if we drink too much salt water?
6248: Does different kinds of leaves contain different amount of chlorophyll?
6249: Como crecen los nenúfares? Como se alimentan los nenúfares? Que sitios hay sobre los cactos para los niños?
How do Water Lily grow up? How do they feed themselves? I am a first grader and I need to know where can I learn about cactus?

6250: What is the difference between oceanic crust and continental crust?
6251: What makes supercells?
6252: Please tell me how the water on Mars is bad for us; and tell me about how THERE IS NO LIFE ON MARS.
6253: Please tell us about the water on Mars which is bad for humans and other living organisms. If humans have never been on Mars and if scientists say that there is LIFE on Mars then why has NOBODY been to Mars? If we NEVER go to Mars, how do we know if life IS on Mars?
6254: How can an egg break from 4 ft high?
6255: What would happen if a whale didn't have a blowhole?
6256: Are whales fish?
6257: What other systems would fail if it were not for your digestive system?
6258: Is the sulfur in SO4 in a charged state?
6259: How are the roles of meiosis, fertilization, and then mitosis different in the development of twins versus identical twins?
6260: What is a tennis ball made out of?
6261: When was the last time it snowed in Santa Barbara, and when will it happen again?
6262: Why does lemon juice prevent an apple from turning brown?
6263: I am trying to understand if plants and animals use the water that is released in the process of aerobic respiration? I am teaching a class and I want to better understand what happens to the “waste” water.
6264: Why are models helpful to use when we are studying topics like the composition layers of the earth?
6265: Does an ice cube melt faster at room temperature or in tap water?
6266: How does a Canada Dry and apple battery work? (You basically just have a plate and pour Canada Dry on it and then put an apple on the plate, (I know part of it is electrolytes). Can you explain?
6267: Which organ is the most important in the digestive system?
6268: How does the type of container affect ice cream melting time?
6269: When Earth was hit by a large object the size of Earth did it move faster or slower?
6270: During photosynthesis water molecules are stripped of hydrogen and oxygen forming molecular oxygen. My students want to know if a tiny atom like Hydrogen needs a special structure to move through thylakoid membrane, how does an oxygen molecule, a much larger structure, move through the thylakoid membrane?
6271: What do scientists do and why?
6272: Is there a way for a mammalian (specifically human) fetus in vitro to grow and develop into a/an (human) infant? If so, what would the process look like? How could this be ethically tested and achieved?
6273: Will an ice cube melt faster in purified water, salty water or sugar water?
6274: How much sugar must you eat to have a sugar shock?
6275: Does light and dark affect growing crystals?
6276: Is odor a chemical property?
6277: What kind of material do seeds grow best in?
6278: Is water wet?
6279: I am doing a project about the mystery of Atlantis and you have to choose whether you believe it existed or didn't exist. I did not believe it existed. My three reasons to support were, Plato made it up, the lack of evidence, and underwater explorations (meaning that advanced technologies have not found clues on Atlantis). What I was wondering was if you had any input on my reasons or evidence you can help find? Thank you!
6280: How much harder an aluminum bat would hit a ball compared to a wooden bat?
6281: What is the continental drift theory?
6282: How do bears know when to wake up?
6283: What are the various Genetic Engineering techniques currently used in science?
6284: Who is Albert Einstein?
6285: Trying to display refraction of light with a PRISM - we get perfect refraction with sunlight but are unable to find a light source other than sunlight that can display the entire spectrum of visible light. Can you please suggest a light source that comes close to sunlight for refraction purposes? This is needed for a science demonstration where sunlight is not available. Please assist.
6286: Is it possible that the big bang occurred as a result of virtual particles?
6287: Why only humans are able to construct these big infrastructures (like our brain) as per we know evolution has been occurred to every species, then why not the cats or dogs are able to develop this much as we have been? To be precise why not other than humans any species has a developed brain as we have?
6288: Does an electric current in a closed circuit flow in faster or slower while passing through 7 individual fluctuating magnetic fields?
6289: If you collect the steam from a pot of boiling water in a container then place the container in the fridge, what would you observe on opening the container two hours later? Why would this be so?
6290: Why does plastic wrap evaporate more water than foil?
6291: Why does reflection occur only in transparent things?
6292: What's the best degree to get for Marine Biology?
6293: Is snow edible?
6294: Why is it colder at the bottom of the pool than the top of the pool?
6295: Where is the squid's funnel located?
6296: Why do electrons and protons have to always be in equal numbers?
6297: Is baking soda and vinegar mixed together an endothermic or an exothermic reaction?
6298: Does the sun heat salt water and freshwater at the same rate?
6299: Why would borax gain weight from before adding the super glue and why would the baking soda lose weight after the super glue is added?
6300: Does the color of light affect plant growth? THANK YOU UCSB ScienceLine
6301: Why do people forget what they read?
6302: Why is it so cold these days in the northeast of the United States of America?
6303: What extinct animal are coatis related to?
6304: How wide is our Galaxy?
6305: How much wood could a woodchuck chuck?
6306: How does a geologist use density to tell the difference between gold and pyrite?
6307: Where do cells come from for the muscular system?
6308: What happens when a metal burns? Please explain in a simple manner so I can understand. Thank you! :]
6309: Why the 70 percent alcohol which kills microbes by dissolving lipid cell membranes and protein denaturation DOES NOT AFFECT HUMAN CELLS ?
6310: Theoretically speaking, if density is a factor in how the planets arranged themselves (from the initial pre-planetary nebula theory), why is Saturn not the furthest planet from the sun- as it is the least dense? Thank you! Ms. Myles
6311: How does the number of fins on a straw rocket effect its flight?
6312: How do you make a heavier object decelerate faster than a feather?
6313: In a 12 hour daylight, 12 hour nighttime light cycle, what percent of the daily total carbon fixation actually occurs at night, in the dark? Is the NADPH and ATP produced in the light reactions rapidly used after dark up so the Calvin cycle basically grinds to a halt?
6314: How does an antacid react with an acid?
6315: Why is it important for DNA to be duplicated before mitosis?
6316: To make a rubber band plane fly, is there a limit to the number of twists, for both the speed and the distance. I am using a 1/8 x 3 1/2 band.
6317: Can we live on Jupiter?
6318: What does a Centriole look like? Could you submit a picture, please?
6319: What are the "pros" of pesticides?
6320: What will happen if you give milk, Gatorade, apple juice, and cola to plants and then put them in sunlight?
6321: Hello my son has a science fair projects and he is very interested about crystal, we want to make crystal form borax my question is:\ How does temperature affect the growth rate of crystals.I'll appreciate it if you can explain us how its work. Thank you!
6322: How do reptiles regenerate their body parts? Which parts do they regenerate? How do they do that? How many times? When?
6323: Why is the temperature of the atmosphere 1700 degree Celsius?
6324: Can a needle be thrown all sides through a magnet?
6325: I still don't understand why there are no snakes in Hawaii. I though some snakes can swim. If some snakes can swim then can they swim to Hawaii and live around there?
6326: Our 2.5 acre pond dried up in the extreme heat this past summer, through evaporation and I have some questions. Our pond is not only filled by rainwater and runoff, but by a pond above our pond. When the creek between the ponds dries up, we have discovered that the rainfall is not enough to keep our pond full. If we add aerators to our pond with the intent of bringing colder water to the surface, will the water in our pond remain for a longer time?
6327: When lemon juice concentrate and vinegar are separately mixed with baking soda the reaction between lemon juice and baking soda is larger and lasts longer? Why is this?
6328: Does yeast combined with hydrogen peroxide create a bigger volcanic eruption than vinegar combined with baking soda? If so, why?
6329: What is the difference between kingdom plantae and kingdom eubacteria. Need it please.
6330: Hello! My name is Chloe and my class has been working on energy. I have been studying electricity and I know that lightning is static electricity, when electrons expand they cause the thing to melt, and that static electricity was found in 600 b.c. Oh also I'm in 4th grade.I need your help, I want to know more about electricity. I want to know, are there more types of electricity? Can you survive being struck by lightning? Is it possible for the whole world to run out of electricity? I need to know. If you could help me that be great. Thanks a lot for taking time to help. Sincerely Chloe.
6331: Dear Expert, My name is Anton I am a 4th grade student at Stratham Memorial School. I am researching about thermal, geothermal and biomass energy with a couple of friends. I've learned that a snowman has more thermal energy than a hot cup of chocolate, because the snowman is bigger. I have also learned that conductors are the best way to make heat. Metal is a good conductor. Rubber and plastic are insulators. They don’t let thermal energy pass through them easily. I learned a very interesting fact about geothermal energy, when tectonic plates separate some of the heat from the earth's core rises. I also have some questions to ask you.
1. If aluminum foil is a type of metal why doesn’t it get hot when you use it for cooking?
2. What are the three types of heat transfers?
3. How does convection current work in a pot of boiling water?
And last how do you make heat resistant clothes and what do you make them out of?
Thank you for taking your time to help me research. Please contact my teacher , or mail a response to my school (39 Gifford Farm Rd. Stratham, NH 03885). Thank you! Sincerely,

6332: Dear someone who knows about electricity , My name is Adriana and I am a 4th grade student at Stratham Memorial School, in Stratham NH. My class has been researching all forms of energy trying the answer the question, What is energy, and how does it affect us?
I am focusing on electricity. I have learned a lot in my research, like electricity is in our bodies, it makes our heart beat, muscles move and flows through our nerves. Electricity starts with atoms, atoms have three smaller parts in them. One of them is called electrons. Electrons can move very fast from one to another. Moving electrons create energy. Moving electrons can carry electricity to different places. This is called a electric current. Benjamin Franklin was not the first person to discover electricity. Someone named William Gilbert and Sir Thomas Browne were the first scientists to use the term electricity. So they should get the credit for discovering electricity, not Benjamin Franklin. I have a few questions I hope you can answer,
1.Why does electricity conduct through metal?
2.What is electromagnetism and how does it affect us in our lives?
3.How are electronics still using energy even if they are plugged in but turned off?.
I really appreciate you taking the time to help me. You can reply in a email to my teacher, in a letter to my school, (39 Gifford Farm Rd. Stratham, NH 03885). Thank you! Sincerely, Adriana

6333: So, I have no classes regarding physics, or nano tech, but these are the paths I want to go in life. I have a few theories on how to make nano-tech even smaller, by "Shrinking" the atoms in the objects themselves. So I was wondering, if we could get it to work, what would be the effect it had mathematically? What would be the effects of shrinking the electron cloud to make the atom smaller on matter?
6334: Does a fast moving river respond to environment? Would you say that a fast moving river grows and develops over time? Thanks!
6335: What kind of material do seeds grow best in?
6336: Why do you think DNA is duplicated before a cell divides? Why do you think that the sister chromatids are attached to one another?
6337: So when genetic crossing over occurs, DNA mixes creating a unique verification. But where does each half of that DNA come from, considering meiosis happens before fertilization? Meiosis makes either a sperm or egg cell and each sex cell is a little different each time so where does the DNA come from to make a sperm or egg cell? Because just a sperm cell or just an egg cell can't grow into a human, it must be fertilized. More specifically, when genetic crossing over happens where does the necessary DNA for crossing over come from? And does meiosis happen before or after fertilization?
6338: How do you know what blood type you have?
6339: How many joules are in fish?
6340: Would we be able to breathe on Venus?
6341: Do squids squirt ink?
6342: I was just wondering if certain plants give off more oxygen than others or have different byproducts including oxygen. Like daytime plants that produce significantly more oxygen then others ratio wise to size & whatnot?
6343: What do plants do with water ? What is going on inside the plants?
6344: Can one say the occurrence of white holes is related to a single point in a spinning black hole? The white holes can form only when the singularity in the black hole is a ring and not a point, right?
6345: Are there some events which can change the rate of isotope decay? For example: I recently heard that scientists now believe that some time in the distant past there occurred a massive solar storm, many times greater than any we have ever recorded, and that the earth was bombarded by massive amounts of solar radiation. Might this have altered the rate of decay of carbon 14 isotopes, for example?
6346: How do the particles of a liquid exert pressure on a container?
6347: Would pre-Cook Hawaiians have been able to extract any usable metals from the land? (This goes along with questions about whether most pre-Western cultures were hampered by their environment-not their culture or race.)
6348: How do door handles give out static electricity?
6349: What would the temperature be if the earth was inverted upside down?
6350: How does erosion affect volcanoes?
6351: How is it called an animal that is born in the water and then grows lungs?
6352: Since a dog has 78 chromosomes in their body cells and humans have 46, are dogs more complex than humans due to having more chromosomes?
6353: Why do I exist?
6354: How are scientists able to predict when and where the next eclipse will occur?
6355: How do cacti obtain water?
6356: Which frozen desert melts the slowest ice cream, frozen yogurt, or sorbet?
6357: Can negative gravity exist?
6358: Can you use the gravity of a planet, to accelerate past the speed of light?
6359: What kind of salt is being used in the floating egg experiment? (Table/Iodized/Sea salt?)
6360: Hi,I am teaching geology for my first time (new NGSS topic for 8th grade). I have been searching for interesting tidbits in this area (fossil and evolutionary finds, geological formations, etc). Can you point me to documents or share info that my students might find interesting? Thanks.
6361: What do you think, would happen if all the atoms didn't need to gain or losing electrons, and were happy just the way they are in their neutral form?
6362: What happens to the iron that is removed from the heme during hemoglobin recycling?
6363: Hi there, can angler fish eat other angler fish?
6364: Where do vegetable seeds come from? Where do vegetables come from?
6365: Where can you find gold?
6366: What do pollinators like birds and insects help plants to do?
6367: From answers here , How much of the chemical ingredients go into the lip gloss?
6368: I have a question whose answer will settle an argument that my friend and I are having regarding atmosphere and gravity. The question is: Would we bounce around, as astronauts do on the moon, if we had no atmosphere? (if we were able to survive without an atmosphere that is, so purely theoretical) I explained to my friend that gravity is not dependent on the atmosphere, in fact gravity is what keeps the atmosphere from ‘floating’ away into space. I also explained that we would still be held to the ground because of gravity even without an atmosphere. He, however, is of the opinion that if Earth had no atmosphere, we would be able to bounce around – he thinks that the atmosphere is what keeps gravity ‘in’ instead of vice versa.
6369: How do the electron reflect the light in a particular frequency and direction? How many of the electrons do reflect the light in one atom?
6370: Is there a reason why water seems to curl around itself when it is being poured? Like when pouring water from a gallon to a bottle and there is a sort of braiding pattern which can be extended if the gallon is raised and the distance between the two increases. Also, is there a way to predict it, or are there too many variables?
6371: When Antarctica melts, how much land will be left?
6372: How do you become a scientist? Can you teach me?
6373: How can lights turn on and off when you flip a light switch?
6374: Reaction quotient is defined using stoichiometry coefficients as exponents. Reaction rate equations use exponents (reaction orders) that are determined experimentally and are not necessarily the same as stoichiometry coefficients. At equilibrium, forward and reverse reaction rates are equal. Why is the reaction coefficient not defined like the reaction rate, i.e. using experimentally determined exponents instead of the stoichiometry coefficients?
6375: What is the brightest star in the universe, how is it called?
6376: How long does it take to harden an egg after the shell material is in place? I’m assuming the egg is still quite soft as it leaves the bird.
6377: Why are pandas black and white?
6378: Why does Uranus have rings? What would Earth be like if Venus was not there?
6379: What do hedgehogs drink? Why do they need their spines?
6380: What muscles do you use when you throw a football?
6381: Why is slime always stretchy and sticky? What is a polymer? I saw that word in my slime research and want to know more.
6382: Why were dinosaurs alive? Why did they die?
6383: How was Earth made?
6384: What muscles do you use when you are running fast?
6385: Who invented the numbers on the clock?
6386: How cobras are super-fast? Why do their heads have a hood?
6387: When was the first owl born and where did they come from?
6388: What muscles and part of the brain do basketball players use to dribble?
6389: Why does metal skate on ice? I want to know about ice skating fast.
6390: What part of the body do you use when you sing?
6391: Why does Saturn have rings, and does Neptune really have rings?
6392: How might you explain the same type of rock and rock formations being found on different continents?
6393: How do you get electricity from acid? I would like to know more about electricity from an acidic fruit.
6394: How does your brain form when you are in your mom's womb?
6395: Why is it so hard to make cupcakes without eggs and milk?
6396: During the process of photosynthesis, how does the plant take in the water from the soil?
6397: Has anyone thought about neutral electrons? Neutral photons? Photons are positive and negative in one. Why not neutral? If the sun has neutrons in the center with no charge it would appear empty and heavy.
6398: Why are all the planets in the shape of a sphere? Why are orbits also round?
6399: If humans managed to get to Mercury, what would happen to them?
6400: Can a large speaker magnet sitting on top of a generator damage it?
6401: How does the mantle affect the movement of the crust?
6402: Hello, I have a question about whether any attempt has been made to boil sea water using parabolic mirrors and then use that steam to condense it to get water or use that steam to generate power (via turning a turbine)? Thank you for your help.
6403: Why does salt water melt faster then fresh water?
6404: In what era did humans appeared?
6405: What animal has the weakest stomach acid?
6406: I am doing a SAE project and want to see what would happen if I watered radishes with colored water as they grew. I can't find much on it and need to write a proposal before I start. What process will the plants be taking when it interacts with the colored water( the colored water will range from powdered drink mix, to food-dyed water?)
6407: Let's say I have water which is A and B is a shirt. If neither A or B is wet then how does B get wet?
6408: Which plants produce the most Oxygen in the quickest way?
6409: Why did Jane Goodall wanted to learn about chimpanzees?
6410: If we haven't visited Jupiter then how do we know that it is called Jupiter? If there was an asteroid or comet that did hit Jupiter, how will we know if we weren't there? If Jupiter has 67 moons but one of their moons is considered a dead planet which is Callisto, can Callisto wake up and become a real planet?
6411: When people are done with their napkins where do they go and what happens to them?
6412: Why do we put fish inside the containers with the liquid substances?
6413: Do microwaves produce light energy?
6414: Can the gas formed inside our bodies be absorbed or does it has to be released always?
6415: Is the weight of buildings in Venice the reason the city gets floods every year? Is the city really sinking?
6416: How mountains are formed?
6417: How many protons are there in the nucleus of a potassium atom?
6418: What are the long term dangers of mixing white blood cells during sex, given the fact that white blood cells can attack?
6419: Why was the idea of Pangaea not accepted in the first place?
6420: Do hogs have veins?
6421: I think you are wrong about the densest metal/substance here. A while ago I read about a substance that had been developed and it weighed over 13 pounds per cubic inch. What is that substance?
6422: Can gems that miners find on the surface of the earth be found deep into the ocean? If yes, are they the same?
6423: Does plant life stimulate island growth? Over a long period if the island only had coconut trees would it slowly expand the soil of the island that would make it increase in size? Say over 100 Years, 300 Years and 1000 Years.
6424: I was read that we have magnets N45 to 50,000x more powerful than the earth. My question is if we have magnetic fields so powerful then why is there magnetic fields so small in comparison to the earth's field which is huge but not so strong? How strong is the magnetic force that holds atoms together 00.03645 Gauss? Also I would like to try to build a permanent magnet motor to power a generator, is it possible?
6425: Why was hurricane Katrina so destructive to New Orleans?
6426: What is the percentage of oxygen in cut plants when they begin to respire?
6427: Why can we see through glass if it is made out of sand?
6428: Does our drinking water contain dead skin cells? I've been pondering this question for quite sometime.
6429: Can a solar panel on a barge in the Ocean create sufficient energy to convert filtered Sea water to the gas states of Oxygen and Hydrogen? If so, could the gases be transported via pipes to the desert and then converted back to water? California needs water and has an unlimited supply of Sea Water and sunlight. Is this feasible?
6430: Hi there! I am interested in teaching second graders about why a fully inflated ball bounces better than a less inflated ball. I saw you already have this question on your website and I'm wondering if you can explain this in second grade terms. Thank you so much!
6431: My neighbor is purchasing a deck canopy tent. His choice of colors are white or blue. I suggested that white will attract less heat from the sun than blue. Is this correct
6432: Can you explain the Higgs boson also known as the ‘god particle’ in simple words? Is it true that it was the “fuse” of the Big Bang?
6433: If a rocket takes off from the moon with the same amount of fuel as from Earth, will it get to a much higher speed in space?
6434: This supposed period of time when "Gondwana" or when all the continents were connected, explain to me how all these gigantic pieces of land moved if they are all stilled connected and surrounded by the earth\'s crust under the ocean? Where did all that mess of land go? And wouldn't the crust push against itself while the land masses went in opposite directions?
6435: I understand that the movement of sodium ions drives the transcellular transport of water. Why water follows sodium?
6436: I am trying to figure out why the sheet magnets I am using to hold my cutting dies in place lose their magnetic properties. Found this on the Internet, figured you probably wouldn’t answer but thought it couldn’t hurt to ask. They are being run through an electric die cutting machine now. It uses rollers and pressure to move and cut the material. Could this be what is degrading the magnets?
6437: Yesterday at Boyd Hill Nature Preserve I saw a large egret eating a fish in a shallow stream for a while and then crouch down in the water so her/his body was up to the wings in water. A fluid of white and slightly oily scum emerged and flowed with the gentle water currents away from the bird. I did not attempt to photograph. What was happening there?
6438: Could you please refer to me a chart of gases in the stratosphere? The question comes from this observation: if the troposphere is comprised of 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, .09% Argon, along with other trace gases, what are the relative percentages for gases in the stratosphere considering that Ozone is most prominent in the stratosphere? Would seem that percentage of Nitrogen, Oxygen, etc., would be decreased by presence of more Ozone? Have searched wide for the answer. Hope you can help. Thank you.
6439: What substances are termed by cholesterol?
6440: What is the probability for Mount St. Helens to explode again?
6441: Hey guys, I would like to know what kind of research you do there at the Materials Laboratory? Thanks
6442: Do carnivorous plants have both animal and plant cells or just one or the other?
6443: I was told the chirping sounds birds make in the mornings trigger leaves to release the oxygen. Is this true?
6444: What is the opposite of condensation?
6445: How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in oxygen?
6446: If I mix sugar into some water, which is the solvent and which is the solute?
6447: What is the study of matter?
6448: Why 2 raise to power 0 is 1?
6449: When water has been purified with ozone, are the resulting gases toxic? Is it safe to breath them?
6450: What role does gene expression play in determining traits of an offspring?
6451: How old is the earth?
6452: Why do we feel as if we weight the same on Venus as we do on Earth? Do we weight the same in both places?
6453: If part of the gastrointestinal tract fails, what will happen to the nutrients in our foods?
6454: I had a discussion at a dinner party last evening and stated that hot water freezes faster than cold. My friends thought that was absolutely incorrect. Will it?
Also, I stated that molecules grow when heated, but have since changed my mind to say that the movement of molecules is affected by heat which means a hot molecule will move faster and affect its surroundings which takes up more space...indicating the heated molecule got larger. Theoretically, is the latter of the two statements above correct? Thanking you in advance.

6455: What is photosynthesis? And how is it done. What comes out of it and how is that made?
6456: How does nitrogen work?
6457: Is there anyone on campus who would be willing to give me genetically modified seeds for a science project I am doing in my AP Biology class? I am trying to compare genetically modified plants to organic plants to see if the growth of the plant is affected by genetic modification. Please let me know as soon as possible. Thank you.
6458: Hello! I am trying to wrap my head around about the difference between Gibbs free energy and enthalpy so that I can teach it correctly. This is the mental hurdle that I can't get over: If Gibbs Free energy is supposed to account for only free energy available for work, shouldn't the value for the delta G of something be greater (more positive) than that of enthalpy, thus indicating that it is less likely to happen? I understand that this isn't the case, so I just need help with learning how to think in the correct way. Thanks! Mr. G (a science teacher).
6459: Are the stuff on the website true or are they just stuff to make people just think it is true?
6460: What is the density of an egg?
6461: So if a tsunami and tidal waves are two different things (Tidal Waves are created by the gravitation forces of the sun or the moon, a tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the displacement of large bodies of water.) Then, why do you say that the difference between a hurricane and tsunami is that a tsunami is a huge tidal wave in the ocean?
6462: How does the type of container affect the ice creams melting time?
6463: Are coyotes diurnal or nocturnal? Why do I sometimes see coyotes during day time around the place where I live?
6464: Why does the Earth have different layers?
6465: How do you know that space doesn't have a floor at the bottom?
6466: We are all students. I am a mom and an employee. I cracked an egg and a yolk plus an extra little egg was inside it . Why? . It was creepy cool. No it was not another yolk. I have seen eggs with double yolks before. I’m just wondering.
6467: What happens to a marshmallow when you put it in a vacuum sealer container?
6468: How many tons CO2 are in one tree?
6469: How do we know we all see colors the same? I could see green as what you see as blue, but, since it is always that way. Would we ever Know?
6470: Why is there no air in space?
6471: How to stop soda from exploding?
6472: Do people only use 10% of their brain?
6473: What happens when you water plants with sugar?
6474: What liquid makes ice melt the fastest?
6475: What makes Tardigrades indestructible?
6476: How does the structure of a cell suggest its function? What are some examples of that?
6477: How does the amount of air pressure in a basketball affect a person's shot?
6478: What is gold's molecular structure and how long does it take earth to make it?
6479: Do fish sleep?
6480: My science fair question is what brand of bottled water grows algae the fastest? I wanted to know which type of algae would grow in the water?
6481: What layer of the earth is the densest?
6482: I am looking into questions about science I have had for a while which deal with Old Earth Theory. I was wondering if you could explain how scientists derived the half life formulas for radio isotopic decay, how it works, and how they know that other factors (temperature, geological patterns, weather patterns, other radiation present such as ultraviolet rays) have not affected their data. Is there anything known to the science community that affects the validity of different dating methods like Rb-87/St-87 dating, Argon-Argon dating, and Carbon dating? Thank you for your time.
6483: How does the type of material affect the way your boat floats?
6484: Why do some minerals refract light better than others?
6485: Is air an object?
6486: Ways in which weather affect our daily lives.
6487: How does the shape of the foil affect density?
6488: Why do plants need sunlight?
6489: When trees are turned into paper, why doesn't the paper have cells?
6490: Which frozen dessert melts slowest : ice cream, frozen yogurt or sorbet?
6491: We will be doing the chicken bone in vinegar activity this next week. I would really like to make it more of an experiment than just a demonstration. Is there a way to definitively prove that calcium has come from the bone? Would a p-H test do so? Frustrating seeing all the write ups with so little true science proving that it was in fact calcium loss. Would love your thoughts.
6492: If the 10 dimensions of string theory are correct, would time travel theoretically be possible because of the 5th-10th dimensions? If so, what means of transportation could we use?
6493: How many neutrons does Potassium have?
6494: You state that Gold, which is (Au) 196.97, #79 on the periodic table, is 1209 pounds per cubic foot. However, Lead is 207.2, #82 on the periodic table, is only 706 pounds per cubic foot. Why isn't Lead heavier per cubic foot than Gold since it's a heavier element?
6495: What would happen if you inhaled an atom of anti-oxygen? (Meaning the antimatter equivalent of an oxygen atom).
6496: What will happen if there were ONLY negatively charged particles in the atom?
6497: What would life be like if the earth was covered with water and humans survived?
6498: In an estuary, does the fresh water float over the salt water? If so, why is it that the water in the estuary tastes salty? would you not be tasting the water that is on top and therefore the fresh water?
6499: What is the independent variable and dependent variable for weather?
6500: Why do fingerprints form when your are in your mother's womb?
6501: How much does the temperature rise in a room according to the number of people who are in it?
6502: Why do we weigh less on the moon than we weigh on earth?
6503: What similarities are there between all animal kingdoms?
6504: Are there tectonic plates on the east coast?
6505: If an element looses an electron, after loosing it, where does that electron goes?
6506: Is the sun a star?
6507: What are the differences between steam and water vapor, and what is the best term to use to describe the white cloud of water droplets above a boiling kettle?
6508: What is the path the moon travels around the earth?
6509: Is there a law of physics on how balls bounce differently?
6510: What are the differences between heat and temperature?
6511: Are there tectonic plates on the east coast?
6512: How does the spiraling motion of a well thrown football affect the distance of the throw?
6513: What force holds galaxies together?
6514: If Chlorophyll is a chemical pigment why do plants still reflect green light to make it appear as green instead of the chemical itself?
6515: How are very strong magnets made?
6516: Is there any possibility that the West Coast of USA will have a strong earthquake in the next 5-10 years?
6517: How do batteries affect the speed or energy an object has?
6518: What is sound energy used for?
6519: Do basketball that are fully inflated bounce better than flatter ones?
6520: What is the best paper to build paper rockets/paper airplanes?
6521: Which cookie sheet is the best one to help bake? What kind of material, shape, color?
6522: Is there any possible way a person can get a triple helix strand that would cause a rare form of cancer? If this person is not a twin, could high levels of radiation also cause it?
6523: Why is CO poisoning most likely to occur in homes that are well sealed during cold winter months?
6524: What are the reasons the atmosphere is important, and why?
6525: Why are eclipses limited to solar & lunar names? Is galactic the meaning of solar? So what other 2 celestial bodies would be in a solar eclipse with us; hence the power of three rule, cosmic clouds, a universe, a sun, a comet. My question is why we can not sense life outside planet Earth & guessed one possibility is we're all eclipsing each other right now?
6526: Why did it take so long to obtain photographic and video evidence of live Architeuthis?
6527: How many living things are there in the world?
6528: Hello, my name is Jan and I go to Ventura Charter School. I’m in seventh grade. I am working on a project for school to investigate Careers and Topics for future study. The topic that I want to know more about is Quantum Physics and Technology. I want to know if this subject would be interesting for me to study in college. My specific research question for this project is, “Is Quantum Physics worth understanding, and if so why?”. Part of my research requires me to interview a scientist on this topic, and I would greatly appreciate if you would help me with my interview questions below. I thank you in advance for taking the time to answer the questions.

1.What is an interesting phenomenon in Quantum Physics to you?
2.How is Quantum Physics different from classical physics?
3.How can Quantum Technology help us in the future, such as time travel and computers?
4.What do we not know about Quantum Physics?
5.Is there a simple demo I can experiment with and include in a presentation to my class that would relate to Quantum Physics?


6529: I'm currently working on a project on deforestation and I was tasked to find out more info about deforestation. May you please give me info and explain how it affects biodiversity?
6530: Could the Light generated from Cherenkov radiation be used to generate power?
6531: How do I measure the rise of a cake? Is it simply the height measurement at its tallest point or something more detailed as this link suggests? I’m researching, “How much water added to a boxed cake mix produces failure to launch aka rise?”
6532: What is the relation between continental drift and the evolution? How four very different kinds of ant/termite eaters could occur in India, Africa, South America, and Australia?
6533: Can Wildfires be put out with liquid nitrogen? I read an article on your website that said that fires can be put out with liquid nitrogen but can forest fires or any larger fires also be put out with nitrogen?
6534: How does the lithosphere affect other layers of Earth?
6535: What would happen if you were to put a magnet in hot or cold water?
6536: Hello , my name is Jim , I was wondering if you might have access to notes on early studies of harnessing electricity on trial and error and maybe you could email me some direction on what books or literature to look into. Thank you for your time, I just thought it would be some fun reading.
6537: I'm doing a debate for Science and it is about the difference between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere. Can you help me?
6538: If I change the material of the ball or the type of the ball, will it affect how far the ball goes on a flat surface off a ramp?
6539: Does a heavier object touch the ground faster than a lighter object?
6540: What are stomata?
6541: Are atoms always neutral?
6542: I know that it is possible for certain animals to regrow limbs, but is it possible for humans to regrow limbs sometime in the future? Why are humans not able to regrow limbs but other animals can?
6543: Is the earth core a solid or something other then that? Is the mantle the layer that crates magnetic fields?
6544: Why do Earth have layers?
6545: The first law of thermodynamics tells us that matter cannot be created or destroyed. It cannot come from nothing and it cannot disappear. Do nuclear reactions, which do satisfy the 1st law, have the same number of each type of atom entering and leaving the reactions?
6546: How high does a baseball go when bounced?
6547: What would happen if we drilled a hole through the north and South Pole and dropped a rock into the hole? Where would the rock go? Where would it stop? How would it stop? Why would is stop/not stop?
6548: How does fava beans cause hemolytic anaemia?
6549: Rust is made up of what compound?
6550: How are black holes created?
6551: Will humans need to evolve anytime soon? If so, what will it entail?
6552: I am wondering how we know what’s at the core of the earth, and what you scientists used to figure this out?
6553: What do blind people see when they sleep/dream if they are blind from birth?
6554: How do we see color?
6555: I wonder, how are waves in the ocean made?
6556: What is a galaxy made of?
6557: How does 3D printing organs work?
6558: How did humans get addicted to things like games and drugs?
6559: For every pound of beef how much greenhouse gas is produced/released?
6560: Why do people have fears?
6561: Why is hydrogen explosive?
6562: Are there any elements that we have not discovered yet and aren’t on the periodic table of elements?
6563: Why do we have two kidneys when we only need one?
6564: If NASA (or other space agencies) found intelligent extraterrestrial life, what would they do?
6565: Is there anyway we can prevent climate change from getting worse?
6566: How do plants sense seasonal change? In other words, how can plants tell apart the seasons.
6567: Why are we able to float on water when we are lying down, and not when we are standing?
6568: Dolphins and whales are called mammals, why?
6569: Why do we get the most fog in the months of June and July, when December and January are the months of year where there is the most moisture/humidity in the air? (And rainfall)
6570: How many number of coils of DNA stand in a single chromosome?
6571: If it took 3 days for the Apollo astronauts to travel to the Moon, what was their average speed in units of km per hour, km per second and miles per hour?
6572: How do you find the mole ratio in a stoichiometry problem?
6573: How are objects thrown by a catapult affected, according to the laws of Physics?
6574: I wanted to know that what happen when 2 or more strong atoms collide. Is it possible to make a speed warm with the help of collided atoms? I know that the energy the atoms give away can make a wormhole that can connect with multi universe if we use the energy in the right way, the collided atoms can give us the mass of the energy which can be calculated d = c × t.
6575: How did the Big Bang happen? If it did, how did the thing that made it happen?
6576: What type of minerals are formed to make emeralds?
6577: How long does it take vanilla ice cream to melt in a metal container, plastic container and a cardboard container?
6578: This might be embarrassing to ask, but I'm curious, can the sun be considered a living thing? What if it was a living organism? Do scientists know for sure?
6579: Can we go further than Mars with our nuclear waste?
6580: How does a panda family look like?
6581: There was a pond with about 10 to 12 feet of water in it; divers in a search and rescue mission were working all night in wet suits and very cold temperatures. The ambient air temperature was 29 to 31 degrees during the search. One official said the water was 24 degrees when the first dive team went in. Could a pond be 24 degrees and not be frozen?
6582: Are pandas related to racoon?
6583: Dear USCB Science Line, Hello! How are you all are doing? With all do respect I have read your story online about cows that fart and burp on your website that was dated back in 2011 ( here. I wanted to let you know that not only cows fart and burp but all animals and us humans burp and fart too sometimes. Now I’m all for improving the environment and climate and healthy food from plants which provide health benefits. So why should we do something about cows when all animals and humans do the same thing? I don’t see what will solve the problem when it comes to burps and farts. Can you please email me back with an answer? I’m sorry, please do forgive me for sending this email if you all happen to not like what I wrote here. Thanks and God Bless!
6584: In school, we did a paper chromatography lab using different sharpie colors. I chose a pink sharpie color and while everyone else's pigments separated, my color just moved up and left a colorless space in between the line that was first drawn and where the solvent(Isopropyl alcohol) traveled. Why is this? Did I do something wrong?
6585: Could you explain explain the relation between color and heat absorption?
6586: Why do different colors absorb different amounts of heat?
6587: Which liquid does ice melt the fastest in?
6588: Do fish get thirsty?
6589: If the earth's core provides heat that drives plate tectonics, what would eventually happen if the earth's core cooled down?
6590: If all oxygen was removed would a plant be able to survive and why?
6591: Why turbine blades are typically made out of single crystals?
6592: Is it possible to make an invisible cloak with the new existing materials? If not, how could be possible to make an invisible cloak?
6593: Can ice melt in saltwater faster than in freshwater?
6594: How is nail polish made? What ingredients are used and what chemical reactions occur when making it? Chemically what is happening?
6595: How does salt dissolve?
6596: Can fish lungs collapse?
6597: What do male anglerfish eat?
6598: Could you explain to me in a simple way what the scientific base for quantum computers is? What is the difference between them and the computers we use nowadays? When will we be able to use quantum computers? Thank you for your time.
6599: Hi, I am an 8th grade student who is taking living environment. In the cellular respiration and photosynthesis explanation for plants, some information says the plant “makes” energy. Although it might turn stored energy into usable energy, energy cannot be created nor destroyed.What do you mean when saying that a plant “makes” energy? Just wanted to clear up any further misconceptions as it is just a minor detail that could lead to someone seeking information having the wrong idea. I appreciate your time and help your website has given me!
6600: Which balloon will pop first, a plastic balloon or a rubber balloon?
6601: Ethan wants to know if we can artificially grow coral at increased rates, perhaps via steroids or coral growth hormone. Has there been any research into this topic already? Do you see it as plausible in the future to potentially grow coral reef replacements as needed even if the current technology and understanding isn't there yet? Thanks.
6602: What is science about?
6603: Is Indium a good conductor?
6604: Why can you only photograph a lunar eclipse sometimes when the earth is between the sun & moon?
6605: What happens if you put hot water into a balloon and then put it over a flame of a candle?
6606: Does the study of crystals include copper sulfate crystals? Are copper sulfate crystals salt crystals rather than protein crystals and therefore not as useful?
6607: Why does food change color when you leave it out for a certain amount of time?
6608: How does the chemical composition of a rock affect its density?
6609: What makes things sink?
6610: I am curious about experiments confirming or refuting the block universe (based on Einstein-Minkowski spacetime). Since relativity predicts that moving away from an object looks at the object's past and moving toward an object looks at the object's future; and since satellites can move at high velocities (c/10,000 or higher) and look at distant objects of variable intensity (fast radio bursts), it seems that we can now confirm or refute this feature of Relativity. Right? Why haven't these experiments been done? Why is the existence of the block universe still an open question?
6611: Is it possible to attract oxygen molecules or to displace them effectively?
6612: Hi, my name is Samuel and I want to know what is Sonic the Hedgehog but I don't know if can you help me.
6613: Hi i just wanted to know who wrote the answers because I'm doing a research paper and I need a citation. And I can't do that without a name.
6614: What is the oceanic crust and their main facts?
6615: Why do apples mold?
6616: Why do spiders have eight legs?
6617: What is a fun fact about the inner planets?
6618: How do human and natural factors impact the atmosphere and weather?
6619: What are the differences between warm air and cold air?
6620: Can we humans eat poop?
6621: What kind of planets are in the universe?
6622: How long does it take for grass to grow after a volcano destroys it?
6623: Why does a candle burn?
6624: Hi! I teach an AP Environmental Science class. We are currently talking about pestilence & diseases. Our conversation turned to STDs, crabs and eyelash mites. (I know, students bring up the oddest things.) My students suddenly turned to a very odd question that is borderline appropriate but they really want to know the answer. Here it is: Do skin cells cover the testicles on a male or are they covered in taste bud cells like those that would be found on our tongue? (I guess there are websites out there & something on Tick-Tock about how the skin on the testicles are actually made of taste buds.) I hope to hear from you because this question actually got my mind wondering....
6625: What kind of planets are in the universe besides the dwarf planets?
6626: What would happen if you are in a hurricane or a tsunami?
6627: Which are the processes that indicate an increase of molecule movement?
6628: Do objects float better in saltwater or freshwater?
6629: Do crystals grow faster in the dark or in the light?
6630: Can we convert the EPE of a stretched rubber band (x=10 cm) to the Work that is done as the rubber band is launched? (Work = Force x distance traveled through the air)? Or do these two things not correlate? I thought the EPE should be similar to Work done (not while being stretched, but while flying through the air). But when we converted cm to m, we got vastly different values (recorded in Joules). Help!
6631: Can you make a hurricane by putting a lot of hot water in the sea?
6632: How do NASA find new planets?
6633: What color is blood until it hits oxygen?
6634: Why do we need trees to survive?
6635: How does the amount of oxygen given off during photosynthesis compare to oxygen used during cellular respiration?
6636: How are atomic nucleus and a cell nucleus same?
6637: Peeking at Penguins: Poop from Space.
6638: Is Kool-Aid a solid or liquid?
6639: How long would humans last if there were no more trees?
6640: How do animals help with plant growth?
6641: What is considered a moon?
6642: Has the earth changed size since it was created?
6643: What body structure protects the lungs from outside harm?
6644: Ötzi the Iceman’s final days.
6645: How does hot air rise and why?
6646: What can scientists infer about the observation of the fossils now found widely spaced across the globe that actually lived on the same early earth landmass?
6647: What is the process called when hot air sinks and cold air rises?
6648: Hi! My name is Ruby and I'm a student doing a science fair project about ice cream's melting point. My goal is to create an ice cream that has a higher melting point which will then melt less. I've been doing some research and it turns out that other people have also looked into this. I've found a lot of recipes for hot ice cream but I can't get in contact with their authors and so I was wondering if you could answer the questions I had for them. Does hot ice cream have a melting point higher than average ice cream? (Which, according to a study done by the University of California, is -3 ̊ C). Also I was wondering if you can make hot ice cream with an alternate recipe than the ones proposed? Here are the links to the two recipes that I found: here.
here.
Thank you for your help,
6649: Could you explain about electron distribution, why electrons in the first filled shell have to move after to the next shell? Concerning the electron configuration “k” shell, I understand that it has s-sub orbitals. A “l” shell has s, p, sub orbitals, “m” shell has s,p,d sub orbitals. Br(35) 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^5... Here after 3p^6 we move to 3d sub orbital (electron distribution rule) but we moved to 4s orbital, why? Could you explain clearly?
6650: Why do scientists believe the inner-core is solid?
6651: Are the fingerprints on all the fingers of an individual of the same type. For example if the thumb of an individual has loop, then the rest of his fingers should have loops?
6652: Why does more muscle mean more strength? And how can we test that our body has a pull on it (gravitational, depending on our mass)?
6653: Are gold teeth bad for your health?
6654: Is it possible to create a water-implosion demonstration in a children's garden? If so, can you help with the design?
6655: What is the result of the of the sun helping plants?
6656: Ar there anymore planets in the solar system that we don't know about?
6657: Has anyone ever went to Jupiter? If not, is there a way you can go under the asteroid belt?
6658: Can a nerve cell be replaced?
6659: What causes sunburns? If we need sunlight to survive, why do we get burned from it?
6660: Do heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects?
6661: Why do Inuit people have dark skin?
6662: Do toothed whales replace lost teeth?
6663: What happens if the world collapses?
6664: Why don’t the palms of the hands and soles of the feet have hair follicles, but the skin of the arms and legs do? Hint: Think of the function of the different structures and their locations.
6665: Do any muscle cells divide? Like smooth or cardiac?
6666: Red blood cells are damaged, if damaged, how is it possible for them to be replaced?
6667: What is the future of biological batteries?
6668: How do scientists know when El Niño o La Nina are coming?
6669: Which animals don't have blood?
6670: I was searching for a question and found a related one posted in 2010! It is found: here. My question is why do only the cations affect the flame color? Also, which electrons get excited and jump to higher energy levels? Do all the electrons get affected in the configuration, or only the valence electrons? Thank you so much for your time. I have been using the flame test lab for several years now as an example of Bohr's model of the electrons. It is such a fun lab, but I am not sure about the depth of understanding students are able to take away from it.
6671: Why do we have facial hair?
6672: Can Di-nitrogen (N2) be used as fuel?
6673: Are fingerprint patterns inherited?
6674: How does an octopus make its ink?
6675: What causes a rolling ball to stop?
6676: Through what process does hydrogen nuclei form a helium nucleus?
6677: What are the different ways in which tectonic plates interact with each other as they move around?
6678: Why is squash a pistillate?
6679: What do the nucleus in atoms contain?
6680: Students learning and helping in the Coronavirus effort.
6681: What is the composition of the Earth's surface?
6682: Why did other scientists not believe Alfred Wegener theory to be true?
6683: How many moles would 6.022•1022 molecules of water represent?
6684: How do organisms process energy from the Sun? How do organisms process their food and water to help in producing optimal energy levels for their bodies and bodily functions to run at an optimal level? What is needed in the human body for it to run optimally? Which Vitamins and Minerals are involved?
6685: I need help in answering a question.  If light travels until striking an object, but a mirror reflects light, would not a light travel forever inside a mirrored sphere? 
6686: How many protons,electrons and neutrons are in hydrogen?
6687: Hi! When we cover the top of the straw the water doesn’t flow. How does it happen and why this topic is important?
6688: What is the primary way we use electromagnetic force?
6689: What I was wondering was how does air have space?
6690: How are Whiskers and Antennas different?
6691: If light is infinite it would mean it couldn't be measured and it ceases when the source stops. Just because it travels an infinite distance doesn't make it infinite. If a man lived forever and traveled in space no matter what speed and nothing to stop him, would that make him infinite?
6692: At what temperature does iron turn into a gas?
6693:

I found them growing in my backyard in Goleta in one clump. I didn’t see more than this. Friends think they are morels which are yummy and expensive but before I trade them for toilet paper (kidding) I wanted to verify if they were real and not a poisonous twin.
Mushrooms1
Mushrooms2

Any ideas? Thanks,
6694: What is the longest time it takes you to do an experiment and what is the frequency with which you perform experiments?
6695: How and when was the Igneous rock made? And what did people need it for?
6696: Has science solved any crimes?
6697: What is the universe made of?
6698:

Can you explain this? Caught at Lake of the Ozarks in Missouri.
Turtle with teeth.


6699: What was the most important experiment that you had to do and you can't mess up?
6700: If darker colors absorb the sun, and the shade is a dark color, why does the shade keep us cool/cold?
6701: Why there is a leap year, is it because of Earth's rotation? What is one pattern we observe because of Earth's rotation?
6702: Does the sun heat the air in our atmosphere directly?
6703: Do scientists know of any other planets in our galaxy that might have some kind of life? What about in other galaxies? Is there any planet that resembles Earth?
6704: Have you ever had to work with the police to solve a scientific crime?
6705: Hi, I was wondering what planet has the most gravitational pull on the earth.
6706: If you donate a kidney, are there any side affects of having one left? How does the body survive with only a single kidney?
6707: What is Covid-19?
6708: If someone went through the milky way, would they go through some sort of portal to other galaxies, and how long would it take them to get through the milky way? What are the names of all the cool planets not in our solar system? I saw somewhere that there is a planet made of water, and one made of diamond. Is there another planet like Earth? What is the name of the planet like Earth and the darkest planet?
6709: Cory thinks that plants release carbon dioxide in the air, but Nellie thinks plants release oxygen. Who is correct? Why?
6710: What does nuclear fission have to do with the birth of stars?
6711: Are all stars at different lengths or are some stars at the same distance?
6712: Can people touch stars and if they could, what would happen?
6713: Are stars different colors?
6714: What is the function of the white blood cell, basophil?
6715: What is carbonite?
6716: How do constellations usually get their names?
6717: How does earth impact our every day lives?
6718: What is the best theory about why we exist in the universe?
6719: How does the blood orange get the red liquid inside? Why?
6720: Is it possible to find diamonds in the ocean?
6721: Can you give me some examples of when light hits the surface, what happens?
6722: Why do apples turn brown after you cut them and leave them out for a while. Why does putting citrus on the slices make them not get brown?
6723: How does the density of an object affect whether it floats or not?
6724: Animals living in forests have self treatments if they get sick. Humans have all facilities and can see a doctor if we get sick. I see that alligators have strong immunity. Animals eat disgusting food that humans cannot eat. I believe that animals have stronger immune systems than human beings. Am I right?
6725: What is the influence of Coriolis force on weather systems?
6726: Why are most men taller than women?
6727: What is a force? What do they do?
6728: Can a force do a thing it is not supposed to do?
6729: How is gravity affected by the mass of an object?
6730: What is the meaning of life?
6731: What is the unit of measurement for force?
6732: Has anyone seen God? Who is God ? Can you scientifically explain God to me?
6733: How can you tell if something is alive?
6734: Why and how is there no gravity in space?
6735: Why do we dream?
6736: What temp does it take to melt a quart rock?
6737: What are the equations of motion? Can you mention three of them?
6738: How long does it take to make honey? How is it made?
6739: Imagine a column of air that extends from the top of this flower all the way to the upper edge of the atmosphere. Even though it is made up of air, this column has an enormous weight. Why doesn’t the air pressure crush this tiny flower?
6740: What are some of the prehistoric animals that are extinct and share a DNA with some of the animals that are living today? Where can I find research information on this topic?
6741: What happened to Rodinia about 750-725 million years ago? Could you explain? What is the name of the ocean that formed?
6742: How are computers made?
6743: What exactly happens when rocks hit each other and create a spark?
6744: If I were to inject my vein with black food coloring, will it turn my blood black?
6745: How high does the troposphere go and how cold can it get there?
6746: How long can any virus live outside of our bodies?
6747: Can you explain to me what a material's scientist do?
6748: Can you explain to me what a material's scientist does?
6749: Are the mountains here in Santa Barbara growing and how much do they grow per year?
6750: What is the total charge or strength of all the protons in the nucleus of an atom?
6751: What college do you go to and what do you do there?
6752: How and why do plants grow on lava rocks in Hawaii on the Black Sand Beach?
6753: Do all planets have rings around them?
6754: Is time travel possible or is it anything that can travel faster than light?
6755: What is inside a black hole?
6756: What is the oldest chasm on the Earth? I have been to Ausable Chasm in Keeseville, NY and know the rock is 500 million years old. Is there an older chasm? Thanks for your help!
6757: Why does it take so long to develop a vaccine?
6758: Does Photosynthesis directly or indirectly affect the needs of an animal?
6759: Why does .1 to power .1 starts going smaller, then turns and heads towards 1 when it gets like .001 to the power .001 and so on, logic would be that it should be smaller to infinity not back to 1. Can you explain why?
6760: Do flowers bloom WHILE it's raining? Or do they need sun and light for blooms to open? There are lots of info on what they need to bloom, but not what conditions they actually bloom under. Daylight? Darkness? Rain? Sun? Warmth? Cold? What are the scientific conditions for an actual blossom to emerge?
6761: What does a magnet have that electricity does not have?
6762: Why are whales mammals and not fish? What are the characteristics of mammals?
6763: Which air molecules are denser, cold air molecules or warm air molecules?
6764: What color is the sand on Atlantic coast beaches?
6765: What is fire? Which state of matter is fire? Are fire and combustion the same?
6766: Why do untethered objects float away in Space?
6767: Which of the two colors can get hotter, pink or green?
6768: Why coronavirus is so dangerous compared to the flu virus?
6769: Why are there fjords in Norway?
6770: Do oxygen + hydrogen + carbon dioxide kill a virus?
6771: While conducting a bouncy egg experiment (for school) I noticed the egg bubbled as the shell dissolved. What is the chemistry behind this experiment?
6772: Are all earthquakes powerful?
6773: If I have a sealed Steel box of a certain size and a Glass/ Plexiglass box of the same size, in sunlight, which would produce higher internal temp after a set amount of time?
6774: My question involves a syringe to inject a liquid with trapped air between the plunger and liquid. If trapped air is left in place between the plunger and liquid, does the force necessary to expel the liquid increase at all? A disadvantage (or advantage) depending on the usage is there is obviously more plunger "play" causing it to bounce back if you let up. Just curious if the air being compressed as the plunger is pushed, is not only pushing against the liquid but to a degree, also against the plunger itself, adding to the force required to expel the liquid vs. first getting rid of the air.
6775: Is the galaxy time different to earth time?
6776: Can the nuclear atom be contained into stable condition?
6777: How do you know how many universes are and how many of them?
6778: How far does light travel to?
6779: How did the atomic bomb hold the pressure before exploding on impact?
6780: Wonderful video about Ocean Facts.
6781: Why is cotton so cooling?
6782: Does silk have the strength to make an armor as the Mongols used to have?
6783: How did the nuclear atom become into a power source?
6784: As cells constantly divide, why don't we end up with way too many cells?
6785: Everyone says magnetic fields pass through wood. I'm curious if wood causes magnetic fields to weaken, bend, or resist the source of the field in any way. For example, if a current through a wire generates a field, and that wire is placed on wood as opposed to being suspended mid air, does the surface cause the field to change its shape, slow down, or otherwise cause an opposing force that could impact the flow of electrons that cause the field in the first place?
6786: During sexual reproduction, what happens if the egg lets in two sperm from 2 different men?
6787: Can magnesium generate heat or energy in a useful enough way to assist it its own manufacturing? Or to aid in the manufacturing of something else made out of it, like a cast magnesium metal product? Can it be used to produce the lighting? Can it be used to generate electricity? Thanks very, very much. Best wishes.
6788: How much gas exists in space? Does enough gas exists in phenomena that contains or draw gas that would change the color of light emitted from a laser?
6789: All about rocks. Every rock has a story.
6790: Why is the space dark black ?
6791: What effects on plants do police lights have if the plants are bombarded? Can trees communicate with other trees by selectively reflecting specific colors while simultaneously absorbing others as part of a language trees can shine to one another?
6792: Is cold air denser and heavier?
6793: My dad thinks that one reason whales and dolphins breach is to scratch, is he correct?
6794: Is there some technological development or research going to reduce the intensities of natural calamities or like divert the path of maybe cyclones or water floods etc? I know humans need to take care of nature but still in some way they do not.
6795: DNA polymerase found in E. Coli cells synthesizes DNA around 1000 base pairs per second. How long will it take one DNA polymerase to synthesize one strand of the E. Coli genome?
6796: I’m reading about antimatter and black holes. I had some random thought come into my mind about being able to utilize Lasers in space and if it would work to transmit information. Turns out technically we could use big lasers that will travel faster than the voyager satellites because the laser, obviously, would be traveling at the speed of light, and because light waves don’t dissipate in space the light could literally go on forever into space (until it hits something). So I’m just thinking, if we would have the ability to create something like the ISS or on it that utilizes solar to send multiple lasers into the void of space that can essentially be used to pick up information on how far it’s been, information around it, particles, etc. Because information can be transmitted through light, we would be able to send lasers into technically what would be the past and the what would technically be the future because hypothetically the only way to get that far in space is by traveling the speed of light. So a high frequency mega laser would literally be just that, we would be essentially be able to “time travel” but with technology. Am I crazy or could this hypothetically work?
6797: Dear UCSB ScienceLine: Despite that cats are four-legged and walk on their toes, shouldn't the fact that cats retain a large foot indicate descent from a bipedal (upright) ancestor? As the elongated foot is a hallmark of bipedalism, my understanding of evolution tells me that kitty would never have evolved an elongated foot if her ancestors had never walked upright. Please help!
6798: How many galaxies are in the world?
6799: Are witches real? How do witches live, what do they eat, where do they sleep?
6800: STEM teaching resources
6801: Where are earthquakes more common, in the East or the West coast of United States? Why?
6802: New Orleans was able to prepare for Hurricane Katrina. How were they able to predict that this hurricane was coming?
6803: If a cell's wall is not alive then how does the cell's wall grow?
6804: How many stars are in one galaxy?
6805: What are the functional properties of silk? Is there any academic or scientific research available to verify these properties?
6806: Why is the sun a star if stars shine at night? Why is the sun the only star during the day?
6807: How is that when we cut a fruit from a tree and it is not mature yet, the fruit can ripe by itself without the tree?
6808: Why does amber can be found in beaches? Where else can it be found?
6809: Are popcorn kernels alive?
6810: How does weather work from rainy to sunny?
6811: How does the sun become a day time star?
6812: What are some plants native to Missouri and what are some facts about them?
6813: Why is your skin an organ?
6814: Can you prove that 0/0=1?
6815: Hi, I would like to know what kind of fossil is this one that my father found. To me it looks like a saber tooth. Can you tell us from the picture ?.
6816: What happens when I add too much water to my plant?
6817: What is the smallest thing you can see with a microscope?
6818: How would you make the strongest (model) tower for earthquake resistance?
6819: What would be the best way to build a catapult?
6820: What is the Higgs Boson?
6821: How does a hydro flask keep liquid cold/hot, and could it keep a solid food warm/cold (like a burrito)?
6822: If you soak a bean in food dye and the bean absorbs the dye will the plant be a different color when I plant it?
6823: Hi,I would like to know if the quasars generate ionizing photons of specific wavelength in a constant manner? For e.g. Ly alpha ionizing photons xx numbers, Ly beta ionizing photons xx numbers or CIIi ionizing photons xx numbers and etc? If yes, can I calculate the ionizing photons of each individual elements wavelength?
6824: How does the sun reflect on the earth and how do the planets rotate around the sun? How does the earth rotate around the sun?
6825: For another question that you had posted can you fire a bullet in outer space? Only in low earth orbit because the primer in a bullet need static electricity to ignite.
6826: Greetings, why is Christmas the shortest day of the year?
6827: How does the human body work?
6828: How many grasslands are on planet Earth?
6829: A student mixes baking soda and vinegar in a glass. Do you think any new substances are being created in this mixture? If so, how do you know?
6830: What are the steps to follow in order to have ready the vaccine against Covid19?
6831: What is the best theory of the Big Bang?
6832: What factors cause the different shapes and structures of the Earth?
6833: Does the atmosphere help keep Earth's water?
6834: If dinosaurs had survived the Yucatan comet 66 million years ago, or it had never happened, what is the chance Homo sapiens would still be here?
6835: What is the importance of molecules for growth and maintenance?
6836: Can you explain in simple words how the quantum computer works?
6837: Dinosaurs today and paleontologists using robotics and computer based technology to learn about them more than ever before.
6838: Before Homo appeared there was Australopithecus, Ardipithecus, Orrorin, and Sahelanthropus about 7 million years ago. Were these genera better hunters than Homo? Were many big carnivores, like the sabre tooth cat, going extinct during their lifetimes? Maybe dinosaurs would have changed their evolutionary path. Or sent them into extinction, or vice versa?
6839: How is the gunpowder likely different before and after being set on fire?
6840: How does the structure and make-up of the cell wall make it retain its structure even when no longer living? Does this also apply to the cell membrane of an animal cell?
6841: I need to know 10 ways in which weather affects humans on Earth.
6842: I would like to use the scientific method to explain the effect of the absence of one of the components of photosynthesis. Could you help me to figure out how to do this?
6843: How many muscles are in the human body?
6844: What are 10 different ways that weather affects humans on Earth?
6845: How can I prove here at home that the earth has magnetism?
6846: What is the speed of a comet which passes by Earth and can be watched by us? Why does it seem not to be moving?
6847: Are all the planets rotating at the same speed around the sun?
6848: If neurons do not grow and cannot be replaced, how is it possible to have brain cancer?
6849: How the viruses of influenza, common flu and covid 19 are all related?
6850: Are minerals from Earth elements or compounds? Why are they called minerals?
6851: Continuation of Are minerals from Earth elements or compounds? Why are they called minerals?
6852: How can fossils get to each other from Africa and south America?
6853: Is it possible to return the gunpowder back to its original form (before it was set on fire)? How?
6854: I have several questions:
1. Is light matter or not, why?
2.Can light depend on gravity?
3.Is electron matter or not?
4.Can we see an electron?
5. A wave is matter or not?
6. Why we cannot see behind a wall if the wall is made of atoms?

6855: I found useful information about plant sense from your blog as, How do plants sense a change in the environment? You have explained, "Plants can sense weather changes and temperatures" ( here ). Please explain how to identify the plant's sensing process and which kind of method and techniques are used to identify them?
6856: What are the properties of metal that make it shiny? Why can metal reflect light or an image (when applied in a mirror) where other materials cannot?
6857: What is a fireball?
6858: If the amount of water produced during cellular respiration is low, what does this mean?
6859: Maybe scientists have studied the physical characteristics of the people of different countries like India, China, Russia, UK, Europe, etc. Could you tell us the difference between the basis of the different people in different countries like the size, shape of the eyes, color, the shape of the eyebrows, etc. Are these and other characteristics very different in different peoples of the several countries?
6860: When plants make glucose, where does the hydrogen come from?
6861: After you have pushed the plunger in. What causes it to move back out when you release it?
6862: I would like to know if viruses and prions have membranes.
6863: The earth tilts at an angle, is it possible that some day this angle increases and the weather changes drastically?
6864: Are quantum computers going to be programmed in the same way as normal computers of today?
6865: What would happen to a spherical magnet if it was put inside of a hollow electromagnetic sphere? Would it go to the middle and spin freely?, or would it just find the closest surface and stick to it?
6866: There was a rainbow in the sky the other day and I could see 10 colors, 3 colors past the visible spectrum. I could see them just as clear as all the other colors. I just want to know how this is even possible. Thanks for taking the time to read this, and I eagerly await your response.
6867: Which are the types of light energy we cannot see and where can they be found?
6868: I am preparing my science project and I would like to know what would be the hypothesis for how fast a flavor of ice cream affects melting. Please help me.
6869: How did NASA choose the Bennu asteroid to collect samples for the OSIRIS REX mission?
6870: Which is the most dangerous virus for human beings that scientists know so far?
6871: Are people getting immune to the Covid19 after they contract it and survive? For how long?
6872: What is the science behind El Niño and La Niña affecting the weather and how frequently do we get them?
6873: Is the graviton real or just a theory? What evidence do you have?
6874: What type of consumer is a Venus fly trap?
6875: When meet, chicken or fish are frozen, what happens at the molecular level? Is it the same for vegetables and bread? Do crystals form during the process?
6876: What is the mitochondria? Is it in all human cells?
6877: I am wondering why the soil in the desert can not retain water after a good rain.
6878: Some grocery bags in the supermarket are biodegradable. What is the material they are made of?
6879: Are all objects on Earth constantly radiating particles harmful for living things?
6880: What is cell division?
6881: How long would it take an object weighing 613 kg to free fall through Mars atmosphere before hitting the surface?
6882: When you look up"how many skin cells do we shed a day" you will commonly get an answer of 30,000 to 40,000. How exactly did scientists arrive at this number? What was their method for actually figuring this out?
6883: I would like to know if boiling home canned goods for 10 minutes kills the spores, bacteria and toxins which produce botulism, so that it is then safe to eat. Thank you so much for your answer.
6884: What are sparks on a molecular level? And why do different substances have different ignition temperatures?
6885: When Earth was impacted by a meteorite when dinosaurs possibly got extinct, did the orbit of Earth was altered by the huge impact, at least instantaneously?
6886: If COVID19 is a virus, small, then what kind of material can stop the droplets containing it from entering into our body, through our eyes, nostrils and mouth? What are the characteristics of this material which can stop the droplets? Is it a synthetic material, or cotton, or silk, or what?
6887: Is human blood blue?
6888: Could it be possible that a black hole is made up of atoms which have very high atomic number and higher atomic number will exert more force on its shell?
6889: Are fossils of some species currently found on the coastlines of continents, by oceans?
6890: Does a wood bat hit the ball farther than an aluminum bat? Why?
6891: Why do Meteors only burn in the mesosphere?
6892: Why do we get freckles all over our skin and not the palms of the hands?
6893: Why do blonde hair and blue eyes tend to go together?
6894: If a basketball is flat (it won\'t bounce) and we pump it up with air. After it is pumped with air, will the ball have more, less, or the same amount of mass as before air was added?​
6895: Hi, I’m wondering if you could kindly help me with a problem I have for a project I’m working on. Is there a way to increase the reaction of vinegar and baking soda? I have found using half citric acid and half baking soda increases the carbon dioxide produced but surely there’s a way to have a stronger, more instant reaction? Would it help to use a stronger acid and a different powder? Any help would be really appreciated.
6896: I have a pipe carrying electrical wiring from point a to point b. I was wondering if it is safe to have fairly heavy magnets attached to a pipe that houses electrical wiring? The magnets are N42 with a 28 lb. pull if that helps. Thank you!
6897: Hello, could you tell me really simply how hurricane Katrina evolved and where she moved to and in what way?
6898: Hello, could you tell me really simply how hurricane Katrina evolved and where she moved to and in what way?
6899: Why have we not found more creatures in the Challenger Deep?
6900: What will happen when the Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies clash together?
6901: If time and space are connected then how does a very massive object such as a black hole affect time?
6902: Why do scientists consider the earth's magnetic field to be a contributing factor instead of potentially viewing its changes as another symptom of the human element?
6903: What chemicals/ingredients are in a Chemtrail?
6904: What/how is the photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the desert?
6905: How do scientists know which flu vaccine to prepare every year if the virus is constantly mutating? Will this situation be the same for Covid19?
6906: If there is life on Mars is there oxygen, and if so do you have an estimate of approximately how long until humans can visit/live in Mars?
6907: How does eyesight work?
6908: We send spaceships into space, how much do we pollute space with human exploration into it?
6909: What separates humans from other life forms? Is it one feature, or is it multiple?
6910: Imagine that it is a cold, winter day. I take a hot shower and the mirror in the bathroom fogs up. I get out and draw the image of a heart on the mirror, but I wonder, how did the fog get there in the first place? In a submicroscopic level, what happen in the process?
6911: What is the role of Geology for having a nuclear plant someplace? What makes it impossible to have one nuclear plant somewhere? What are the requirements to choose the place where the plant should be installed?
6912: If time and space are connected then how does a very massive object such as a black hole affect time?
6913: How many species of fish have been discovered, and what kinds of new species are being found?
6914: Are there any mammals that glow in the dark?
6915: What is an mRNA Covid-19 vaccine and how is it different from other vaccines?
6916: How good or bad is that the Covid19 virus is mutating?
6917: Hi - I am doing a science fair project and my hypothesis is that Hydroponic tomatoes retain more active Vitamin C than other types when cooked. I read this article and that helped, however I have a follow up question. Is there research on how much Vitamin C is in Hydroponic Vs regular tomatoes? My current tests show that it is - I am wondering if the hydroponic nutrient solutions are being modified to produce more nutritious tomatoes.
6918: What makes a black hole? What activates it?
6919: What made you want to be a scientist?
6920: Some people are saying they will not take the Covid19 vaccine and my parents are listening to them. Can you write about the reasons why we have to get the vaccine when the time comes so I can convince my parents that we all have to take it?
6921: What is a scientific discovery that you were most excited about in the last year? Why?
6922: Is there anything humans know instinctively from birth?
6923: How do scientists know how old rocks are?
6924: What developments have been made for prolonging living conditions that would sustain life outside of earth?
6925: Will cybernetic enhancements ever be more than just arm and legs and be like computer chips in your brain like science fiction movies?
6926: How do dolphins talk to each other?
6927: Why are rainbows always red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple and in that order?
6928: How is that the Ural mountains were formed?
6929: Hear the singing of the planets.
6930: Do the same materials we find on Earth exist in other planets?
6931: How atmospheric pressure does affect the growth of plants?
6932: How accurate are simulations predicting the rise of water in oceans due to climate change?
6933: What happens in our brain when a person is depressed?
6934: What can people do to make our planet cleaner?
6935: How old can octopuses get?
6936: Could people adopt octopuses like we adopt cats and dogs? What dogs and octopuses lifetime look like? Do octopuses play? How do they hunt prey?
6937: Which are the recent useful materials that you scientists have discovered at UCSB?
6938: So I have an environmental investigation project and my investigation is the decomposition differences between organic and inorganic foods. I have done research but I still do not know what to do as the experiment. My hypothesis is basically that inorganic foods will have a greater life span. Could you help me?
6939: Why is Pluto not a planet?
6940: What is the chemical formula for hair dye?
6941: What are catalysts and inhibitors?
6942: In the future what will humans most likely going to look like after evolution?
6943: How do scientists measure the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by trees and other plants?
6944: At this moment how far is science to the measurement of the graviton? What is supposed to be the graviton's size compared to other known particles?
6945: I saw a TV show where a college student was taking spiders' silk and tested it and was making sponge out of them. Is it possible to do that? I got the idea that I can put it to use.
6946: I know very little is known about our brains, so what are the more powerful tools scientists have in order to study conditions like schizophrenia, paranoia, or any of those conditions which can affect us?
6947: How fast can a spider build a web?
6948: Can we still stop global warming?
6949: If nothing can travel faster than the speed of light [c] then how is it possible that near the cosmological horizon we observe galaxies expanding away from us faster than the speed of light? What is the speed at which the universe is expanding? Is it possible for the speed of light to change? Do we have any evidence that would suggest this speed has not always been static? How is it possible for the speed of light to be the same in every frame of reference? If two particles are traveling at the speed of light and each particle observes the other what would they see? The other speeding passed them? Does this represent the limits of our current understanding? Is the faster than light receding galaxy explained somehow by our perspective with said galaxy traveling at a certain rate in addition to the expansion rate giving the appearance of faster than light speeds?
6950: What is the science behind electroplating? Can I do it at home and how?
6951: Is it possible for a vegetarian mammal to become a meat eater (non-vegetarian)?
6952: How do antiviral drugs work? How do they interact with the virus?
6953: How many years ago was the Bering Strait formed? How many years ago was ice covering the strait so that our ancestors crossed the strait by foot?
6954: Is it possible to use an inert gas in the tires of an amphibious airplane so that they become less buoyant?
6955: How are hurricanes and wave damage related?
6956: What is the process by which Earth formed layers according to density?
6957: What is a similarity between oxygen and carbon dioxide?
6958: How do volcano eruptions cause changes in the ozone layer?
6959: Mars rover Perseverance exploring the planet.
6960: At what point do the laws of Physics diverge from the Einsteins' theory. How can Einstein's theory become a law?
6961: I heard that shingles are the result of the chickenpox virus dormant in the body. If a person was vaccinated as a child for chickenpox, but never got the chickenpox, is it still possible to get shingles in the future?
6962: I would like to conduct a science experiment. I will place one plant in a dark room with only a red light shining on it. I will place a second plant in a dark room with only a green light shining on it. Which would be the best hypothesis for what will happen in this experiment?
6963: I am interested in baking bread with black tea, long fermentation and very little yeast. I wonder what would be the effect of using black tea on fermenting dough. Does black tea change the normal physical-chemical process?
6964: I had a vaccine for chickenpox when I was a child. Is there a chance that I still get shingles in the future? Why do people get shingles?
6965: How is global warming affecting the ocean currents? How these ocean currents regulate Earth's climate?
6966: What are the characteristics and the evolution of mountains?
6967: What are scientists doing in order to create biodegradable plastics?
6968: Where was aerogel invented? How strong is it? What are its applications?
6969: Considering plant bio-acoustics, how plants grow their roots into silence? And the animacy of plants that could be considered, wouldn't a tree that fell in a forest make a sound and be 'heard'?
6970: What is the reason light can travel so fast, the fastest speed we know?
6971: Is there such a thing as negative pressure?
6972: Vultures are known for stomach acid that kills many pathogens but there are no vultures in Australia. Why doesn’t Australia run wild with these pathogens like botulism, rabies and anthrax? Thank You,
6973: How many different chains of mountains do we have around Santa Barbara, from here to Los Angeles? What chain of mountains is the one around Lake Casitas?
6974: Can you explain the theory behind super conductive refrigeration, one that utilizes a refrigerant, and also what types of metal would most likely be involved in this that can achieve superconductivity but do not have to be exposed to Sub-Zero temperatures? And, what is the most likely temperature that these metals must retain in order to continue functioning as a superconductive metal?
6975: What are the different gases that living things produce? What makes a gas have an odor?
6976: How probable is it for the coast of California to have a strong earthquake in the near future? Can it be predicted?
6977: Is it possible to see the orbitals of any atom?
6978: Can a city be considered an ecosystem?
6979: Is there an underwater connection between the Pacific Ocean and Mar de Cortez (Sea of Cortez)?
6980: Is it possible to start manufacturing all vaccines only mRNA vaccines instead of the traditional ones using virus?
6981: Does our sun orbit? What does it orbit? At what speed does the sun orbit?
6982: I was curious of what information can be drawn from DNA. Isn't it true individuals can damage your DNA by abuse or neglect? Is it true your DNA shows information regarding other people? How can you enhance your DNA to make it stronger? Is it possible to repair DNA? How is DNA drawn? Does DNA change throughout the years? Can you give me more information on what exactly can be shown through DNA testing? I know I have a lot of questions but I am interested in learning more. If possible please explain.
6983: I know that there are several vaccines for Covid19 so far, from different labs and countries. Are all of them mRNA or DNA vaccines? Are any of them using the attenuated virus like the conventional vaccines?
6984: How many months a year is Lake Baikal frozen? How thick is the ice then?
6985: What is an adenovirus?
6986: How can scientists work with viruses if they are so small? Can you see them when you work with them? How can you work with DNA and put it inside the virus?
6987: Which country or countries have more volcanoes which can produce strong earthquakes?
6988: How well does a helmet protect the head? How much of the energy of a blow can be absorbed by the helmet before it breaks? What materials are helmets made of?
6989: Hi, I'm a student at Oakhill Christian School. I was wondering why the acid-base reaction between vinegar and baking soda even happens in the first place and how electronegativity affects that.
6990: What happens to the micro-structure of the N95 masks if we carefully wash them? Are the fibers destroyed?
6991: What are polymers? Why are they called like that?
6992: I went hiking last weekend and I found the rock formations shown in the pictures-1 and pictures-2 It was the Arlington Peak. Why are those forms and how did they form?
6993: Why is the reason a sole fish goes flat on the sand instead of moving? ? When the sole fish did start having the eyes on the same side of its head?
6994: How do volume and mass change the results of a baking soda and vinegar rocket? How does the ratio between the reactants affect the gas pressure? How do valence electrons work in this reaction? How do the double replacement of Na+ and H- work?
6995: Which are all the parts that the human immune system is made of?
6996: Why is amber found in beaches?
6997: How do I get good grades?
6998: If you put salt on ice or in water what will happen?
6999: What are muscle cells?
7000: Are opossums and kangaroos related?
7001: Is blood considered a liquid? What are the dynamic properties of blood?
7002: Can we revert global warming to the days when there was no danger for Earth and living creatures?
7003: How do plants make chlorophyll?
7004: Can lightning make this big piece of glass if harnessed with rods along a shore or even influence a piece this big. Or is it man made?
7005: What would happen if your cells didn't work?
7006: I am teaching 8th grade Science. I do not have a Science degree/background. Why can't light escape a black-hole? Since gravity is the attraction between all matter, that means light has properties of/is matter, right?
7007: How was the first person ever on Earth born?
7008: Why are the wall plugs reversed in Hospitals?
7009: If I am weightless while falling why am I still falling?
7010: Good Afternoon,
Thank you for your wonderful website. I had a question I would like your help with. There is an old text (a few thousand years old) which says that the amount a person can lift himself is a third of what he can carry when someone else lifts an object an puts it onto him. Could you figure out what this may have been referring to? Certainly their build (and the muscles they worked on) may have been very different than the muscles we focus on nowadays. Perhaps when one carries things on his back they are able to carry more? Thank you for your help.


7011:

On your site there is discussion about the red paper used on fireworks. Here.

My question is about all those bits of paper and whether they have black powder residue. I live on a lake and a lot of people allow the paper bits to fall in the lake and I wonder if this could harm the water and the fish. I know it's pretty minuscule, but I'm curious.


7012: What do scientists know about the force of gravity? What causes the force of gravity on Earth?
7013: What data type is being used for computer images? I know it will all ultimately be converted to bits. I want to know as a user, which data type should be used to store such information. Also, I want to know how the CPU works to change the given data into bits, and what data type will be good for the CPU to easily change the given data. Thanks!
7014: How far are scientists from the day when the genetic code of a person could be changed in order to cure an illness/disease or prevent it?
7015: Why do beams of light pass through the transparent object like glass, air etc.? Why do beams of light not pass through the opaque object like walls, planets, etc.? Do beams of light pass through the plasma state of matter? If yes or no, why?
7016: Why is HCl acid released from a gastric gland in the stomach? And why are not other acids like HNO3 also released?
7017: Are seeds and eggs living things?
7018: Could the constant movement of waves in the ocean be used to generate energy? If so, why don't we do that and use that energy?
7019: Can a virus live in oxygenated blood?
7020: Are scientists working on materials which require less washing when dirty so we can save some water?
7021: Dear UCSB ScienceLine,
I stumbled across the UCSB ScienceLine page
here.

We know that there is air pressure on top of us all the time. But is the same amount of pressure on us inside a building as outside? Here are some pressures the Answers do not seem to address:
image here.

This graphic is from: Flow control in buildings


7022: How does sodium carbonate (baking soda) react to oxidation or combining with oxygen?
7023: Do birds sweat?
7024: What elements can exist in 3 states?
7025: Does a basketball with more air pumped into it shoot farther than one with less air in it?
7026: Do you have scientific arguments I can use to convince my friends that UFO's from other planets do not exist?
7027: How much radiation do we receive from the soil on Earth? How harmful is it for our bodies?
7028:

Our son attends the College of Creative Studies at UCSB. I was hoping you could help me. I continue to find interesting rocks buried on our farm which have been uncovered while working the land. These rocks today were uncovered after my metal detector located them several feet deep. The bigger rocks look metallic, like gold, and are heavy. I read that a possible meteor was sighted in 1914 over Mission Canyon, and we live in that area (above San Roque.) Was that fall ever discovered? These lands weren’t developed until the 80’s, and our sloping land, unlike other neighbors has an interesting bowl shape and looks very different from our neighbors. meteor falls in mission canyon

Could these rocks possibly be meteorites? I’ve found legions. Google Lens identifies many of these rocks I find, many of which are sort of diamond shaped, as meteorites, dinosaur bones or Indian artifacts. I think I’m on a wild goose chase.

These rocks are a small sample of my finds. I thank you in advance for your assistance.

Pictures of my samples:
Rocks 1
Rocks 2
Rocks 3


7029: What are the fundamental reasons why DNA replication on the lagging strand cannot be polymerized in 3' to 5' direction?
7030: I am wondering if it would be possible someday to power airplanes with solar cells only. If yes, how far are scientists from that to be a reality?
7031: Have the oceans' pH changed measurably? Is this a global change or localized to only some of the world's oceans?
7032: Are spider's webs abiotic or biotic?
7033: When a Woman is pregnant can we agree that a lot of external sensory development is happening? Question. Can things such as clothing with small soft bumps and or anything in contact with the abdomen change and or promote healthy fruition? For example, if a piece was kept in contact as compared to let's say innards of a bean bag chair that's warm to touch. Is there any research in regards to sensory development internally and externally?
7034: Is it possible to reach great depths under the ocean by heavy enough mass falling, causing vaporization by friction of this mass? Or by the water displacement caused by the mass falling? On this note, would something as a Rupert’s Drop, dropped from above the body water, when it is rapidly cooled and immersed, be capable of handling pressure to such extent?
7035: What is the meaning of the number (percentage) in sunscreen bottles? Does the number have something to do with the hours it protects the skin? Does a 50% protection means 50% protection of the UV rays reaching the skin, or does it mean 5 hours or protection during the day? Please explain. If we are using sunscreen almost everyday, we should know more about it. Thank you.
7036: When we are talking about the general forces of an atom, specifically weak force, one of my students asked if the changing of subatomic particles into another subatomic particle is an example of Bose/Einstein condensate/absolute zero particle. Thanks!
7037: How do organic solar cells work?
7038: Are there any patterns in the occurrence of droughts in Southern California and the North of Mexico?
7039: What happens when you spin a magnet about the axis running through the two poles, and then move it sideways through a magnetic field?
7040: Which organs of the human body can regenerate, apart from the skin?
7041: Does temperature affect the amount of electricity produced from a solar panel?
7042: What are the different divisions of the Paleozoic era?
7043: What are electron shells made of? Where does matter come from?
7044: What is the role of water on earth?
7045: Hello! I am a SBHS student. I used to attend the annual Santa Barbara kite festival until Covid hit. Recently, the science fair was eliminated from Santa Barbara junior high. So, I was thinking of creating and sponsoring a kite flying day that taught the physics behind kite making and flying. It would honor Jose Hernandez, the former NASA astronaut and UCSB alumnus. I wanted to get your thoughts or ideas about this? Thanks.
7046: What makes a fiber strong?
7047: Why does c++ have long and int (4 byte integers)? Why have two words for the exact same data structure?
7048: What is heat transfer and what is radiation?
7049: How do supernovas occur and when?
7050: How does Tor work? I heard it's like a super VPN.
7051: How are sound waves scientific, and what amount of matter do they have?
7052: How does TCP/IP work? I understand that they send messages to other computers.
7053: What is an insulator?
7054: Why is it that early computers had green text?
7055: How does the sun heat the earth? What happens when ice melts, how hot is it?
7056: Which dissolves better in water, salt or baking soda?
7057: In c++ when we have an a && b, then if a is false, b isn't considered. Does something similar happen when we have a && b &&c?
7058: Does electric charge always travel through a conductor? Why or why not?
7059: If the nozzle of a syringe is covered, are the pressure applied to a plunger of a syringe by your thumb, and the reverse pressure or the plunger against your thumb the same, as the internal pressure of the syringe barrel?
7060: An object with less mass will go farther than an object with more mass?
7061: Heat is a form of energy and Energy is conserved. In chemistry or even in power plants, we say heat generated/produced due to combustion. Similarly, we say electricity is produced. These lines are even written in good textbooks as well. Confusion: Then, why do we say heat generated?
7062: Thermal energy and heat are two different terms. (As we call, heat is a form of energy, and energy in transit; so, heat is a thermal energy that is moving due to temperature difference.) Confusion: Why we call *Heat Transfer* , as heat only comes into existence while there is transfer? Sometimes, we also say 'Total Heat Content' while defining enthalpy. Aren't these misleading?
7063: How do physicists change ideas into mathematical formulas?
7064: Jack did an experiment for color affect heating by absorption of light? We were only able to find a Red colored Incandescent 60 W. When doing the experiment on the 100% cotton, white was hotter when measured than the black, but red was still the coolest. Is this because the wavelengths were not let through for the rest of the colors? Thanks for the help
7065: How will people discover that water is not wet, even though they get wet from the water?
7066: Which frozen dessert melts the slowest: ice cream, frozen yogurt, or sorbet?
7067: What is usually left behind after the seafloor is destroyed?
7068: What type of force or frequency is causing a guitar strings to constantly change elasticity? Three or four times a minute, while I am playing, the strings change from limber to stiff to limber to stiff. It is very frustrating. when the strings are stiff they sound less musical. I live in N.E. Tennessee, and am unsure if the problem is local. It happens on acoustic guitar, even at a distance from power lines and buildings. Thank you for your time.
7069: Why is snow white color?
7070: Question about Ocusoft Hypochlor and other dilute hypochlorous acid solutions used as lid scrubs. I understand how bleach works and how bacteria are killed by these products and how the product is converted to water eventually. What I don't understand is why this is non-irritating to the eyes? Wouldn't these products damage sensitive human cells and create irritation? What protects human conjunctive cells or corneal epithelial cells so this is so mild? Or is it just a matter of scale and if you had a more concentrated solution or more frequent application, it would be irritating? But if that is the case why wouldn't this be true for bacteria as well? You end up killing a small percentage of them but not the majority of them like this product seems to do?
7071: How would a penrose triangle look to 2d people? Are there shapes in 3d that would be impossible in 4d?
7072: How do weather patterns affect where and how you live, what you do, and what you wear?
7073:

I will appreciate it if someone looks over the following calculation. Thank you! So I've heard that bananas have tiny amounts of radiation in them, due to potassium, and if you eat too many bananas you can die of radiation poisoning. Of course the next logical step is to ask the question, how many bananas do I need to power my house? We start by getting two values, the radiation energy emitted by a banana and the amount of electricity the average American house needs. According to Wikipedia, a banana emits .1 microsieverts of radiation. According to the US department of energy the average American household uses 893 KWH a month. Therefore we just have to convert 893 KWH into its equivalent in microsieverts, multiply by 10, and get the amount of bananas required to power the average American house for a month.

893 KWH = 3.66 joules, one sievert is equal to 1 joule of energy, therefore we require 3.66 sieverts, which is 3.612 microsieverts, multiply by ten is 3.613 microsieverts, which means that it takes 3.613 bananas to power the average American household for a month. (That's a lot of bananas)Thank you for reading this calculation. It's probably wrong (the joule to sievert conversion is really iffy). Please correct me on any errors. Thank you :)

7074: Why do plant cells look so close together when animal cells look like they're floating around?
7075: Good day! May I ask what the pattern of inheritance of dimples is? Is it really autosomal dominant?
7076: Can humans survive over a long time on the planet Mars?
7077: Is water wet?
7078:

I would like to know if there are any funny facts about eagles. I am researching eagles and would like to know if you have scientific facts about them that are interesting or funny. Thank you.

Note: For database space reasons, more answers for this question can be found here.


7079: How are imaginary numbers useful in the real world?
7080:

I would like to know if there are any funny facts about eagles. I am researching eagles and would like to know if you have scientific facts about them that are interesting or funny. Thank you.

Note: For database space reasons, more answers for this question can be found here.


7081: Hello, I am doing research on lions, and I’m curious. I have learned a lot already. Do you have any scientific research about lions that is funny or interesting?
7082: Hello,I’m doing research on the gorilla. Do you happen to have any fun facts or funny scientific information about gorillas? I would like to learn more!
7083: Hello,I’m doing research on the gorilla. Do you happen to have any fun facts or funny scientific information about gorillas? I would like to learn more!
7084: How do you know the Fading Fireball of the Big Bang is actually the Big Bang?
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